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Apolipoprotein E ε4 Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1407183. [PMID: 35154509 PMCID: PMC8831053 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1407183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Rising studies indicate that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is related to the susceptibility of ischemic stroke (IS). However, certain consensus is limited by the lack of a large sample size of researches. This meta-analysis was performed to explore the potential association between the APOE gene and IS. Methods To identify relevant case control studies in English publications by October 2020, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with fixed- or random-effect models and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze potential associations. Results A total of 55 researches from 32 countries containing 12207 IS cases and 27742 controls were included. The association between APOE gene ε4 mutation and IS was confirmed (ε4 vs. ε3 allele: pooled OR = 1.374, 95% CI, 1.214-1.556; ε2/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: pooled OR = 1.233, 95% CI, 1.056-1.440; ε3/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: pooled OR = 1.340, 95% CI, 1.165-1.542; ε4/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: pooled OR = 1.833, 95% CI, 1.542-2.179; and APOE ε4 carriers vs. non-ε4 carriers: pooled OR = 1.377; 95% CI, 1.203-1.576). Interestingly, APOE ε4 mutation showed a dose-response correlation with IS risk (ε4/ε4 vs. ε2/ε4: pooled OR = 1.625; 95% CI, 1.281-2.060; ε4/ε4 vs. ε3/ε4: pooled OR = 1.301; 95% CI, 1.077-1.571). Similar conclusions were drawn in the small artery disease (SAD) subtype, but not in large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) or in cardioaortic embolism (CE), by subgroup analysis. Conclusions These observations reveal that specific APOE ε4 mutation was significantly associated with the risk of IS in a dose-dependent manner, while APOE ε4 mutation was related to SAD subtype onset without a cumulative effect.
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Vasudeva K, Munshi A. Genetics of platelet traits in ischaemic stroke: focus on mean platelet volume and platelet count. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:511-522. [PMID: 30371123 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1538991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to summarize the role of genetic variants affecting mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT) leading to higher platelet reactivity and in turn to thrombotic events like stroke and cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PROQUEST, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar related to the studies focussing on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and multi-omic analysis that have been employed to identify the genetic variants influencing MPV and PLT. RESULTS Antiplatelet agents underscore the crucial role of platelets in the pathogenesis of stroke. Higher platelet reactivity in terms of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT) contributes significantly to the interindividual variation in platelet reaction at the site of vessel wall injury. Some individuals encounter thrombotic events as platelets get occluded at the site of vessel wall injury whereas others heal the injury without occluding the circulation. Evidence suggests that MPV and PLT have a strong genetic component. High throughput techniques including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and multi-omic analysis have identified different genetic variants influencing MPV and PLT. CONCLUSIONS Identification of complex genetic cross talks affecting PLT and MPV might help to develop novel treatment strategies in treating neurovascular diseases like stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Vasudeva
- a Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Central University of Punjab Bathinda , Punjab , India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- a Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Central University of Punjab Bathinda , Punjab , India
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Cao L, Li Q, Chen X. The HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene reduce the risk of ischemic stroke (IS): A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0483. [PMID: 29718838 PMCID: PMC6392787 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphisms were suggested to be the risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). However, controversial results were obtained. Our objective was to investigate the association of LPL polymorphisms at Ser447Ter, HindIII (+/-), and PvuII (+/-) with IS risk. METHODS Literatures search were carried out on databases: PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane database of system reviews, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Embase. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to detect the relationship between LPL polymorphisms and the risk of IS. RESULTS No significant association was detected between LPL Ser447Ter and IS in allelic, dominant, or recessive models (P > .05). Significant lower frequencies of allelic and dominant models of LPL HindIII (+/-) and PvuII (+/-) in cases were detected (HindIII (+/-): allelic model: P = .0002, OR[95%CI] = 0.80 [0.71, 0.90]; dominant model: P = 0.003, OR[95%CI] = 0.80 [0.69, 0.92]; PvuII (+/-): allelic model: P < 0.0001, OR[95%CI] = 0.75[0.65-0.86]; dominant model: P = 0.02, OR[95%CI] = 0.67[0.48-0.93]). And the recessive model of PvuII (+/-) was significantly associated with the IS risk (P = .01, OR[95%CI] = .71[0.55-0.93]). Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that the frequencies of allelic, dominant, and recessive models of HindIII (+/-), as well as dominant model of PvuII (+/-) were significant lower in Asian cases (HindIII (+/-): allelic model: P < .00001, OR[95%CI] = 0.69 [0.59, 0.79]; dominant model: P < .0001, OR[95%CI] = 0.69 [0.58, 0.83]; recessive model: P = .005, OR[95%CI] = 0.66 [0.50, 0.89]; PvuII (+/-): dominant model: P = .0008, OR[95%CI] = 0.66 [0.51-0.84]), but not in Caucasian cases (P > .05). In addition, the frequencies of allelic and recessive models of PvuII (+/-) significantly decreased in Caucasian cases (P < .05). CONCLUSION the HindIII (+/-) and PvuII (+/-), but not the Ser447Ter might be the protective factors for IS.
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Association between Lipoprotein Lipase Polymorphism and the Risk of Stroke: A Meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2570-2578. [PMID: 28687421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have studied the relationship between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) HindIII gene polymorphism and stroke susceptibility. However, the conclusions remain controversial. To clarify the association of LPL gene HindIII polymorphism and stroke susceptibility, we therefore conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were systemically searched to indentify available studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under the allelic, dominant, homozygous, heterozygous, and recessive models. The data were analyzed by using Stata 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). RESULTS Ten studies were enrolled, including a total of 2122 cases and 2235 controls. The overall results showed that LPL HindIII variants were associated with a decreased risk of stroke (G versus T: OR = .78, 95% CI = .70-.87, P < .001; GG + TG versus TT: OR = .76, 95% CI = .67-.87, P < .001; GG versus TT: OR = .69, 95% CI = .53-.90, P = .006; TG versus TT: OR = .78, 95% CI = .68-.90, P <.001; GG versus TG + TT: OR = .74, 95% CI = .57-.95, P = .02). Stratified analysis by ethnicity (Asian and non-Asian) indicated that LPL HindIII variants were associated with a decreased risk of stroke in the Asian population, but not in the non-Asian population. In the subgroup analysis by stroke subtype, the results suggested that LPL HindIII variants contributed to a decrease in both ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke risks. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that LPL HindIII variants were associated with a decreased risk of stroke in the Asian population, but not in the non-Asian population.
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Titov BV, Matveeva NA, Martynov MY, Favorova OO. Ischemic stroke as a complex polygenic disease. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bushueva OY, Stetskaya TA, Korogodina TV, Ivanov VP, Polonikov AV. Investigation of the association between the HindIII polymorphism of the LPL gene and the Taq1b polymorphism of the CETP gene with the risk of atherothrombotic stroke in the dwellers of Central Russia. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:86. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587886-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
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Bañares VG, Bardach A, Peterson G, Tavella MJ, Schreier LE. APOE −491 T allele may reduce the risk of atherosclerotic lesions among middle-aged women. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:123-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and risks of childhood obesity in Chinese preschool children. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:1309-16. [PMID: 21431783 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasingly prevalent in the community and is related to many adult diseases. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in dyslipidemia, and polymorphisms of the LPL gene may result in the disturbance in the lipid's metabolism. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that genetic variants of LPL and serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of childhood obesity. We genotyped +495T > G and PvuII T > C in an LPL gene and measured the serum lipid levels in a case-control study of 124 obese children and 346 frequency-matched normal controls in preschool Chinese children. The variant genotypes of LPL + 495GG and PvuII CC were associated with a significantly increased risk of childhood obesity [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.09-5.23 for +495 GG; adjusted OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.04-3.83 for PvuII CC], compared with their wild-type genotypes, respectively. In addition, compared with the lower serum level cut off by the control median, the higher level of serum triglyceride (TG) (>0.59 mmol/L) was associated with a 1.32-fold increased risk of childhood obesity, and the higher level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (>1.14 mmol/L) was associated with a 36% decrease in risk of childhood obesity. Furthermore, the median levels of TG were higher in obese children carrying LPL +495TT/TG and PvuII TT/CT genotypes than those in controls, the HDLC levels were lower in obese children carrying LPL +495TG and PvuII CT/CC genotypes than those in controls. In conclusion, the LPL gene +495T > G and PvuII T > C polymorphisms may modulate the magnitude of dyslipidemia in Chinese early-onset obesity.
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Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the most common cause of disability in developed countries. Stroke is a multi-factorial disease caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Numerous epidemiologic studies have documented a significant genetic component in the occurrence of strokes. Genes encoding products involved in lipid metabolism, thrombosis, and inflammation are believed to be potential genetic factors for stroke. Although a large group of candidate genes have been studied, most of the epidemiological results are conflicting. Studies of stroke as a monogenic disease have made huge progress, and animal models serve as an indispensable tool to dissect the complex genetics of stroke. In the present review, we provide insight into the role of in vivo stroke models for the study of stroke genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-min Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ai-jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ding-feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ozturk Z, Enkhmaa B, Shachter NS, Berglund L, Anuurad E. Integrated role of two apoliprotein E polymorphisms on apolipoprotein B levels and coronary artery disease in a biethnic population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:531-8. [PMID: 20715976 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and genetic variability of ApoE confers susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). Beyond variability in the coding region, promoter polymorphisms in the ApoE gene impact on ApoE transcription. METHODS We determined the ApoE - 491 A/T promoter polymorphism, ApoE isoforms, lipid and lipoprotein levels, and CAD risk factors in 313 Caucasians and 215 African Americans. RESULTS Caucasians had a lower ApoE T allele frequency compared to African Americans (18.1% vs. 32.3%, P < 0.05). Among T/* carriers, ApoB levels were significantly lower in Caucasians, but significantly higher among African Americans, in both cases compared to A/A homozygotes (P = 0.017, and P = 0.012). For a given -491A/T genotype, levels of atherogenic lipoproteins differed across ApoE2/E3/E4 isoforms among African Americans, but not Caucasians, as T/* carriers with ApoE4 had significantly higher ApoB levels compared to T/* carriers with ApoE2 (P = 0.010). Among patients with CAD, Caucasian A/A homozygotes and African American T/* carriers had higher ApoB levels compared to the same genotype without CAD (P = 0.007, P = 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We observed an ethnicity-specific variability in ApoB levels across the ApoE - 491 A/T polymorphism and a modulatory impact on this pattern by ApoE2/E3/E4 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Stankovic S, Majkic-Singh N. Genetic aspects of ischemic stroke: coagulation, homocysteine, and lipoprotein metabolism as potential risk factors. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2010; 47:72-123. [DOI: 10.3109/10408361003791520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Niu WQ, Qi Y. Meta-based association of the lipoprotein lipase gene S447X variant with hypertension and blood pressure variation. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:383-90. [PMID: 20596061 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Association of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene S447X variant with hypertension has been investigated extensively, whereas the results are often irreproducible. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to examine whether S447X variant was associated with hypertension and blood pressure variation. Case-control reports published in English language and humans were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science search engines as of 10 December 2009. Fixed-effects model was applied to pool data in the absence of between-studies heterogeneity, and random-effects model otherwise. A total of five studies (960 cases and 1145 controls) for hypertension and four studies (n=2777) for blood pressure were included. Compared with 447SS homogeneous carriers, those with 447X variant had a lower risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.98; P=0.03), and this effect reached significance under the fixed-effects model (I(2)=30% and P=0.22). Similarly, compared with 447S allele carriers, those with 447X allele carriers also had a lower risk of hypertension (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98; P=0.03). In case of pregnancy-induced hypertension, no significance was observed (P>0.05). As for blood pressure association, there was no significant difference between 447X variant and 447SS homogeneous carriers for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the whole population, even stratified by gender (P>0.05). The Egger test told no publication bias for all associations. This meta-analysis demonstrated that LPL gene S447X variant was significantly associated with hypertension and showed no obvious relation with pregnancy-induced hypertension and blood pressure variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Q Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Second Road 197, Shanghai, China.
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Parfenov MG, Titov BV, Sudomoina MA, Martynov MY, Favorov AV, Ochs MF, Gusev EI, Favorova OO. Genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in Russians. Mol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893309050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karpouzis A, Caridha R, Tripsianis G, Michailidis C, Martinis G, Veletza SV. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Association of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene T+495G Polymorphism With Central Obesity and Serum Lipids in a Twin Study. Ann Epidemiol 2008; 18:760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Borinskaya SA, Kal’ina NR, Sanina ED, Kozhekbaeva ZM, Gupalo EY, Garmash IV, Ogurtsov PP, Parshukova ON, Bojko SG, Veselovsky EM, Vershubskaya GG, Kozlov AI, Rogaev EI, Yankovsky NK. Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in the populations of Russia and neighboring countries. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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