1
|
Xiong LL, Qin YX, Xiao QX, Jin Y, Al-Hawwas M, Ma Z, Wang YC, Belegu V, Zhou XF, Xue LL, Du RL, Liu J, Bai X, Wang TH. MicroRNA339 Targeting PDXK Improves Motor Dysfunction and Promotes Neurite Growth in the Remote Cortex Subjected to Spinal Cord Transection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577. [PMID: 32793586 PMCID: PMC7386314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a fatal disease that can cause severe disability. Cortical reorganization subserved the recovery of spontaneous function after SCI, although the potential molecular mechanism in this remote control is largely unknown. Therefore, using proteomics analysis, RNA interference/overexpression, and CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo and in vitro, we analyzed how the molecular network functions in neurological improvement, especially in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord transection (SCT) via the remote regulation of cerebral cortex. We discovered that the overexpression of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) in the motor cortex enhanced neuronal growth and survival and improved locomotor function in the hindlimb. In addition, PDXK was confirmed as a target of miR-339 but not miR-124. MiR-339 knockout (KO) significantly increased the neurite outgrowth and decreased cell apoptosis in cortical neurons. Moreover, miR-339 KO rats exhibited functional recovery indicated by improved Basso, Beattie, and Bresnehan (BBB) score. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction showed that PDXK was associated with GAP43, a crucial molecule related to neurite growth and functional improvement. The current research therefore confirmed that miR-339 targeting PDXK facilitated neurological recovery in the motor cortex of SCT rats, and the underlying mechanism was associated with regulating GAP43 in the remote cortex of rats subjected to SCT. These findings may uncover a new understanding of remoting cortex control following SCI and provide a new therapeutic strategy for the recovery of SCI in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yan-Xia Qin
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, College of Preclinic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Xiao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zheng Ma
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Visar Belegu
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Bai
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Histology and Neurobiology, College of Preclinic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen ZD, Xu L, Tang KK, Gong FX, Liu JQ, Ni Y, Jiang LZ, Hong J, Han F, Li Q, Yang XH, Sun RH, Mo SJ. NF-κB-dependent transcriptional upregulation of cyclin D1 exerts cytoprotection against hypoxic injury upon EGFR activation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:52-59. [PMID: 27443256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of neural cells is one of the main pathological features in hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) might be a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic/ischemic brain injury since NF-κB has been found to be inactivated after hypoxia exposure, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of NF-κB inactivation are largely unknown. Here we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation prevents neuron-like PC12 cells apoptosis in response to hypoxia via restoring NF-κB-dependent transcriptional upregulation of cyclin D1. Functionally, EGFR activation by EGF stimulation mitigates hypoxia-induced PC12 cells apoptosis in both dose- and time-dependent manner. Of note, EGFR activation elevates IKKβ phosphorylation, increases IκBα ubiquitination, promotes P65 nuclear translocation and recruitment at cyclin D1 gene promoter as well as upregulates cyclin D1 expression. EGFR activation also abrogates the decrease of IKKβ phosphorylation, reduction of IκBα ubiquitination, blockade of P65 nuclear translocation and recruitment at cyclin D1 gene promoter as well as downregulation of cyclin D1 expression induced by hypoxia. Furthermore, NF-κB-dependent upregulation of cyclin D1 is instrumental for the EGFR-mediated cytoprotection against hypoxic apoptosis. In addition, the dephosphorylation of EGFR induced by either EGF siRNA transfection or anti-HB-EGF neutralization antibody treatment enhances hypoxic cytotoxicity, which are attenuated by EGF administration. Our results highlight the essential role of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional upregulation of cyclin D1 in EGFR-mediated cytoprotective effects under hypoxic preconditioning and support further investigation of EGF in clinical trials of patients with hypoxic/ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal College, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kan-Kai Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal College, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang XY, Gu PY, Chen SW, Gao WW, Tian HL, Lu XH, Zheng WM, Zhuge QC, Hu WX. Endogenous neurotrophin-3 promotes neuronal sprouting from dorsal root ganglia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1865-8. [PMID: 26807126 PMCID: PMC4705803 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.170318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1–5 and L7–S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were exposed and removed, preserving the L6 dorsal root ganglia. Neurotrophin-3 was mainly expressed in large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and in some neurons in spinal lamina II. Two months after rhizotomy, the number of neurotrophin-3-positive neurons in the spared dorsal root ganglia and the density of neurite sprouts emerging from these ganglia were increased. Intraperitoneal injection of an antibody against neurotrophin-3 decreased the density of neurite sprouts. These findings suggest that endogenous neurotrophin-3 is involved in spinal cord plasticity and regeneration, and that it promotes axonal sprouting from the dorsal root ganglia after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-He Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Chuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu W, Shang FF, Xu Y, Belegu V, Xia L, Zhao W, Liu R, Wang W, Liu J, Li CY, Wang TH. eIF5A1/RhoGDIα pathway: a novel therapeutic target for treatment of spinal cord injury identified by a proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16911. [PMID: 26593060 PMCID: PMC4655360 DOI: 10.1038/srep16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is frequently accompanied by a degree of spontaneous functional recovery. The underlying mechanisms through which such recovery is generated remain elusive. In this study, we observed a significant spontaneous motor function recovery 14 to 28 days after spinal cord transection (SCT) in rats. Using a comparative proteomics approach, caudal to the injury, we detected difference in 20 proteins. Two of these proteins, are eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) that is involved in cell survival and proliferation, and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα), a member of Rho GDI family that is involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. After confirming the changes in expression levels of these two proteins following SCT, we showed that in vivo eIF5A1 up-regulation and down-regulation significantly increased and decreased, respectively, motor function recovery. In vitro, eIF5A1 overexpression in primary neurons increased cell survival and elongated neurite length while eIF5A1 knockdown reversed these results. We found that RhoGDIα up-regulation and down-regulation rescues the effect of eIF5A1 down-regulation and up-regulation both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we have identified eIF5A1/RhoGDIα pathway as a new therapeutic target for treatment of spinal cord injured patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Visar Belegu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The state key laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 61041, P.R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming medical University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang B, Li Y, Li XP, Li Y. Panax notoginseng saponins improve recovery after spinal cord transection by upregulating neurotrophic factors. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1317-20. [PMID: 26487862 PMCID: PMC4590247 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng are neuroprotective, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In the present study, we established a rat model of thoracic (T10) spinal cord transection, and injected Panax notoginseng saponins (100 mg/kg) or saline 30 minutes after injury. Locomotor functions were assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale from 1 to 30 days after injury, and immunohistochemistry was carried out in the ventral horn of the spinal cord at 1 and 7 days to determine expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results show that at 7–30 days post injury, the BBB score was higher in rats treated with Panax notoginseng saponins than in those that received saline. Furthermore, at 7 days, more NGF- and BDNF-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of rats that had received Panax notoginseng saponins than in those that received saline. These results indicate that Panax notoginseng saponins caused an upregulation of NGF and BDNF in rats with spinal cord transection, and improved hindlimb motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuan-Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Transforming growth factor-beta in the red nucleus plays antinociceptive effect under physiological and pathological pain conditions. Neuroscience 2015; 291:37-45. [PMID: 25662509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the red nucleus (RN) participates in the modulation of neuropathic pain and plays both a facilitated role by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and an inhibitory role through the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In this study, we sought to investigate the expressions and roles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, as well as its type 1 receptor (TGF-β-R1) in the RN in normal and neuropathic pain rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that TGF-β and TGF-β-R1 were constitutively expressed in the RN of normal rats, and co-localized with neurons and all three glial cell types, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Following spared nerve injury (SNI), the expression levels of TGF-β and TGF-β-R1 were significantly down-regulated in the RN contralateral (but not ipsilateral) to the nerve injury side of rats at one week and reached the lowest level at two weeks after SNI, and both of them were co-localized with neurons and oligodendrocytes but not with astrocytes and microglia. Microinjection of different doses of anti-TGF-β antibody (250, 125, 50 ng) into the unilateral RN of normal rats dose-dependently decreased the mechanical withdrawal threshold of contralateral (but not ipsilateral) hind paw and induced significant mechanical hypersensitivity, which was similar to mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury. In contrast, microinjection of different doses of recombinant rat TGF-β1 (500, 250, 100 ng) into the RN contralateral to the nerve injury side of SNI rats dose-dependently increased the paw withdrawal threshold and significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia induced by SNI. These results suggest that TGF-β in the RN participates in nociceptive processing and plays antinociceptive effects under normal physiological condition and in the development of neuropathic pain induced by SNI.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shang FF, Zhao W, Zhao Q, Liu J, Li DW, Zhang H, Zhou XF, Li CY, Wang TH. Upregulation of eIF-5A1 in the paralyzed muscle after spinal cord transection associates with spontaneous hindlimb locomotor recovery in rats by upregulation of the ErbB, MAPK and neurotrophin signal pathways. J Proteomics 2013; 91:188-99. [PMID: 23238062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that trauma is frequently accompanied by spontaneous functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, BBB scores showed a gradual return of locomotor functions after SCT. Proteomics analysis revealed 16 differential protein spots in the gastrocnemius muscle between SCT and normal rats. Of these differential proteins, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (elf-5A1), a highly conserved molecule throughout eukaryotes, exhibited marked upregulation in the gastrocnemius muscle after SCT. To study the role of eIF-5A1 in the restoration of hindlimb locomotor functions following SCT, we used siRNA to downregulate the mRNA level of eIF-5A1. Compared with untreated SCT control rats, those subjected to eIF-5A1 knockdown exhibited impaired functional recovery. Moreover, gene expression microarrays and bioinformatic analysis showed high correlation between three main signal pathways (ErbB, MAPK and neurotrophin signal pathways) and eIF-5A1. These signal pathways regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and neurocyte growth. Consequently, eIF-5A1 played a pivotal role via these signal pathways in hindlimb locomotor functional recovery after SCT, which could pave the way for the development of a new strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor reduces neurocan production in cultured spinal cord astrocytes. Neuroreport 2012; 23:546-50. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e328354256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
9
|
Kim HM, Hwang DH, Choi JY, Park CH, Suh-Kim H, Kim SU, Kim BG. Differential and cooperative actions of Olig1 and Olig2 transcription factors on immature proliferating cells after contusive spinal cord injury. Glia 2011; 59:1094-106. [PMID: 21538562 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous remyelination after spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited probably due to inadequate signaling to generate sufficient OLs from progenitor cells. The present study tested a hypothesis that introduction of olig genes, critical regulators of OL development, into immature proliferating cells could increase oligodendrogenesis after contusive SCI in adult rats. Recombinant retroviruses encoding Olig1 and Olig2 transcription factors, separately or in combination, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into the injured spinal cord. Unexpectedly, introduction of Olig2-GFP retroviruses led to a marked hyperplasia of GFP+ cells at 1 week, and soft agar colony forming assay of isolated GFP+ cells confirmed Olig2-induced tumorous transformation. In contrast, Olig1 did not alter the number of GFP+ cells. Simultaneous expression of Olig1 and Olig2 (Olig1/2) led to a marked increase in the number of GFP+ cells without tumor formation. The proportion of GFP+ cells with OL progenitor markers was increased by Olig1/2. Moreover, Olig1/2 robustly increased the proportion of mature OLs and expression of myelin related proteins, while Olig1 alone exhibited only modest effects. Olig1/2 upregulated Sox10, which drives terminal OL differentiation, implicating Sox 10 as a mediator of Olig1/2 effects on the maturation. Finally, injection of Olig1/2 retroviruses significantly improved a quality of hindpaws locomotion and increased the total number of OLs after SCI. Activation of both Olig1 and Olig2 may be beneficial by both increasing the progenitor cell proliferation and enhancing OL differentiation in the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk M Kim
- Brain Disease Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|