1
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Murine glial progenitor cells transplantation and synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) reduces inflammation and early motor impairment in ALS mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4016. [PMID: 35256767 PMCID: PMC8901633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuronal disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and currently no effective cure is available to stop or delay the disease from progression. Transplantation of murine glial-restricted precursors (mGRPs) is an attractive strategy to modulate ALS development and advancements such as the use of immune modulators could potentially extend graft survival and function. Using a well-established ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G93A), we tested mGRPs in combination with the immune modulators synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), Tacrolimus (Tac), and Costimulatory Blockade (CB). We report that transplantation of mGRPs into the cisterna magna did not result in increased mice survival. The addition of immunomodulatory regimes again did not increase mice lifespan but improved motor functions and sPIF was superior compared to other immune modulators. Immune modulators did not affect mGRPs engraftment significantly but reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Finally, sPIF and CB reduced the number of microglial cells and prevented neuronal number loss. Given the safety profile and a neuroprotective potential of sPIF, we envision its clinical application in near future.
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2
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Vergani D, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G. A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1381-1393. [PMID: 34162505 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease affecting all ages, characterised by elevated transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive autoantibodies, interface hepatitis on histology and good response to immunosuppressive treatment. If untreated, it has a poor prognosis. The aim of this review is to analyse AIH therapeutic interventions with reference to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of AIH. Standard treatment, based on steroids and azathioprine, leads to disease remission in 80-90% of patients. Alternative first-line treatment with budesonide is effective in adults, but less so in the juvenile form of AIH; first-line treatment with ciclosporin does not provide convincing advantages compared to standard treatment. Second-line treatments are needed for patients not responding or intolerant to first-line standard management. Mycophenolate mofetil is the most widely used second-line drug, and has good efficacy particularly for patients intolerant to azathioprine, but is teratogenic. Only few and heterogeneous data on calcineurin inhibitors and m-TOR inhibitors are available. Biologicals, including anti-tumour necrosis factor- α and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have given ambivalent results and may have severe side-effects. Clinical trials with new therapeutic options aiming at targeting B lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokines, or expanding regulatory T cells to restore tolerance are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Vergani
- King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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3
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Spinelli M, Boucard C, Ornaghi S, Schoeberlein A, Irene K, Coman D, Hyder F, Zhang L, Haesler V, Bordey A, Barnea E, Paidas M, Surbek D, Mueller M. Preimplantation factor modulates oligodendrocytes by H19-induced demethylation of NCOR2. JCI Insight 2021; 6:132335. [PMID: 34676826 PMCID: PMC8564895 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failed or altered gliogenesis is a major characteristic of diffuse white matter injury in survivors of premature birth. The developmentally regulated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 inhibits S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and contributes to methylation of diverse cellular components, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and neurotransmitters. We showed that the pregnancy-derived synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces expression of the nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) via H19/SAHH-mediated DNA demethylation. In turn, NCOR2 affects oligodendrocyte differentiation markers. Accordingly, after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rodents, myelin protection and oligodendrocytes' fate are in part modulated by sPIF and H19. Our results revealed an unexpected mechanism of the H19/SAHH axis underlying myelin preservation during brain recovery and its use in treating neurodegenerative diseases can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Celiné Boucard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Ornaghi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keller Irene
- Department for Biomedical Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.,Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valérie Haesler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eytan Barnea
- Department of Research, BioIncept LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Søndergaard HB, Airas L, Christensen JR, Nielsen BR, Börnsen L, Oturai A, Sellebjerg F. Pregnancy-Induced Changes in microRNA Expression in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:552101. [PMID: 33584638 PMCID: PMC7876450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy affects the disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in the third trimester, where the relapse rate is reduced by as much as two thirds. This study aimed at identifying changes in microRNA (miRNA) and immune cell phenotypes in pregnant MS patients. Discovery and validation studies to detect differentially expressed miRNAs were performed with quantitative real-time PCR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Flow cytometry analysis was performed on PBMC stained with antibodies directed against surface markers of antigen presenting cells (APCs), NK-cells, NKT cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and subsets of these cell types, including PDL1 and PDL2 expressing subsets. RNA was extracted from whole blood, monocytes, and NK-cells to investigate expression and correlation between regulated miRNAs and mRNAs. In total, 15 miRNAs were validated to be differentially expressed between third trimester pregnant and postpartum MS patients (Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate from p = 0.03–0.00004). Of these, 12 miRNAs were downregulated in pregnancy and 6 of the 15 miRNAs were altered by more than ±2-fold (+2.99- to -6.38-fold). Pregnant MS patients had a highly significant increase in the percentage of monocytes and a decrease of NK-cells and myeloid dendritic cells compared to non-pregnant MS patients. We confirm previous reports of a relative increase in CD56-bright NK-cells and a decrease in CD56-dim NK-cells in third trimester of pregnancy and report an increase in non-committed follicular helper cells. PDL1 and PDL2 expression was increased in pregnant patients together with IL10. Also, in monocytes IL10, PDL1, and PDL2 were upregulated whereas miR-1, miR-20a, miR-28, miR-95, miR-146a, miR-335, and miR-625 were downregulated between pregnant and untreated MS patients. IL10, PDL1, and PDL2 were predicted targets of MS pregnancy-changed miRNAs, further supported by their negative correlations. Additionally, previously identified pregnancy-regulated mRNAs were identified as predicted targets of the miRNAs. PDL1 and PDL2 bind PD-1 expressed on T cells with an inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation and increase in IL10 production. These results indicate that some of the effects behind the disease-ameliorating third trimester of pregnancy might be caused by changed expression of miRNAs and immunoregulatory molecules in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Laura Airas
- Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Romme Nielsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Börnsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Annette Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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5
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Halliday N, Dyson JK, Thorburn D, Lohse AW, Heneghan MA. Review article: experimental therapies in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1134-1149. [PMID: 32794592 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapeutic options for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are limited by adverse events associated with corticosteroids and thiopurines and the limited evidence base for second- and third-line treatment options. Furthermore, current treatment approaches require long-term exposure of patients to pharmacological agents. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning autoimmunity and an expansion in the available therapeutic agents for suppressing autoimmune responses or potentially restoring self-tolerance. AIM To review the mechanisms and evidence for experimental therapies that are being actively explored in the management of AIH. METHODS We have reviewed the literature relating to a range of novel therapeutic immunomodulatory treatment strategies and drugs. RESULTS Drugs which block B cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) and tumour necrosis factor α are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of AIH. Experimental therapies and technologies to increase immune tolerance, such as pre-implantation factor and regulatory T cell therapies, are undergoing development for application in autoimmune disorders. There is also evidence for targeting inflammatory pathways to control other autoimmune conditions, such as blockade of IL1 and IL6 and Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS With the range of tools available to clinicians and patients increasing, it is likely that the therapeutic landscape of AIH will change over the coming years and treatment approaches offering lower corticosteroid use and aiming to restore immune self-tolerance should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Halliday
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jessica Katharine Dyson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Hepatology Department, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Spinelli M, Boucard C, Di Nicuolo F, Haesler V, Castellani R, Pontecorvi A, Scambia G, Granieri C, Barnea ER, Surbek D, Mueller M, Di Simone N. Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) reduces inflammation and prevents preterm birth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232493. [PMID: 32511256 PMCID: PMC7279576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and spontaneous PTB is a major contributor. The preceding inflammation/infection contributes not only to spontaneous PTB but is associated with neonatal morbidities including impaired brain development. Therefore, control of exaggerated immune response during pregnancy is an attractive strategy. A potential candidate is synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) as sPIF prevents inflammatory induced fetal loss and has neuroprotective properties. Here, we tested maternal sPIF prophylaxis in pregnant mice subjected to a lipopolysaccharides (LPS) insult, which results in PTB. Additionally, we evaluated sPIF effects in placental and microglial cell lines. Maternal sPIF application reduced the LPS induced PTB rate significantly. Consequently, sPIF reduced microglial activation (Iba-1 positive cells) and preserved neuronal migration (Cux-2 positive cells) in fetal brains. In fetal brain lysates sPIF decreased IL-6 and INFγ concentrations. In-vitro, sPIF reduced Iba1 and TNFα expression in microglial cells and reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bad and Bax) and inflammatory (IL-6 and NLRP4) genes in placental cell lines. Together, maternal sPIF prophylaxis prevents PTB in part by controlling exaggerated immune response. Given the sPIF`FDA Fast Track approval in non-pregnant subjects, we envision sPIF therapy in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Céline Boucard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Di Nicuolo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- International Scientific Institute Paolo VI, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, A. Gemelli Universitary Hospital, Rome, Italia
| | - Valerie Haesler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Castellani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- U.O.C di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Chiara Granieri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- The Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MM); (NDS)
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Roma, Italia
- * E-mail: (MM); (NDS)
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7
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Zare F, Seifati SM, Dehghan-Manshadi M, Fesahat F. Preimplantation Factor (PIF): a peptide with various functions. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:214-218. [PMID: 32202400 PMCID: PMC7169918 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation Factor (PIF) is a novel fifteen amino acid linear peptide (MVRIKPGSANKPSDD), which has different biological functions in mammalian species e.g. its role in neuron restoration, pregnancy and related disorders, and also in autoimmune diseases. Since all clinical studies have shown that PIF has both local and systemic effects, it can be considered as an integrated therapy for the treatment of inflammation conditions, along with the prevention of advanced disease. The synthetic PIF (sPIF) analog is a good representative of native PIF action, and it regulates peripheral immune cells to achieve endurance without immune suppression - an effective agent in nonpregnant autoimmune models. This study provides information, from evidence-based studies so far about PIF’s different functional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seifati
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dehghan-Manshadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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8
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Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces posttranslational protein modification and reverses paralysis in EAE mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12876. [PMID: 31578341 PMCID: PMC6775138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune response against myelin protein is considered one of the key pathogenic processes that initiates multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available MS disease modifying therapies have demonstrated to reduce the frequency of inflammatory attacks. However, they appear limited in preventing disease progression and neurodegeneration. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammation and neuroregeneration are urgently needed. A new pregnancy derived synthetic peptide, synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), crosses the blood-brain barrier and prevents neuro-inflammation. We report that sPIF reduces paralysis and de-myelination of the brain in a clinically-relevant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model. These effects, at least in part, are due to post-translational modifications, which involve cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC), and immune regulation. In terms of potential MS treatment, sPIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval for first in human trial in autommuninty (completed).
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9
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Dyson JK, De Martin E, Dalekos GN, Drenth JPH, Herkel J, Hubscher SG, Kelly D, Lenzi M, Milkiewicz P, Oo YH, Heneghan MA, Lohse AW. Review article: unanswered clinical and research questions in autoimmune hepatitis-conclusions of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Research Workshop. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:528-536. [PMID: 30671977 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that results in substantial morbidity and mortality with many unanswered clinical and research questions. Improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, including the extra-hepatic manifestations of AIH, may allow targeted treatments with greater efficacy and fewer associated adverse events. AIM To identify the spectrum of unanswered clinical and research questions facing care providers in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group initiated a series of research workshops to start to address these questions. Key issues were discussed in small group sessions with collation of all discussions to be summarised in this manuscript. RESULTS Key issues were identified as: the need for better understanding of disease pathogenesis, standardisation of the methods and assays used to evaluate autoantibodies in AIH, refinement of the histopathological criteria for "typical" or "compatible" AIH, focus on the interaction with non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, how to treat acute severe AIH, better assessment of quality of life in adults and paediatrics, standardising use of standard, third-line and experimental therapies in AIH and search for biomarkers early in the disease course that predict outcome. CONCLUSION This workshop has outlined the key unanswered clinical and research questions to help to define the research agenda in AIH.
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10
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sPIF promotes myoblast differentiation and utrophin expression while inhibiting fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy via the H19/miR-675/let-7 and miR-21 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30692507 PMCID: PMC6349844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, lethal, X-linked disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin leads to muscle fiber damage and impairment of satellite cell asymmetric division, which are essential for muscle regeneration. These processes ultimately result in muscle wasting and the replacement of the degenerating muscles by fibrogenic cells, a process that leads to the generation of fibrotic tissues. Preimplantation factor (PIF) is an evolutionary conserved 15-amino acid peptide secreted by viable mammalian embryos. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) reproduces the protective/regenerative effects of the endogenous peptide in immune disorders and transplantation models. In this study, we demonstrated that sPIF treatment promoted mouse and human myoblast differentiation and inhibited the expression of collagen 1A1, collagen 1A2, and TGF-β in DMD patient-derived myoblasts. Additionally, sPIF increased the expression of utrophin, a homolog of dystrophin protein. sPIF effects were mediated via the upregulation of lncRNA H19 and miR-675 and downregulation of let-7. sPIF also inhibited the expression of miR-21, a major fibrosis regulator. The administration of sPIF in mdx mice significantly decreased serum creatine kinase and collagen I and collagen IV expression in the diaphragm, whereas it increased utrophin expression in the diaphragm, heart and quadriceps muscles. In conclusion, sPIF promoted the differentiation of DMD myoblasts, increased utrophin expression via the H19/miRNA-675/let-7 pathway, and reduced muscle fibrosis possibly via the upregulation of miR-675 and inhibition of miR-21 expression. These findings strongly support pursuing sPIF as a potential therapeutic agent for DMD. Moreover, the completion of an sPIF phase I safety trial will further promote the use of sPIF for the treatment of muscular dystrophies.
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11
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O'Brien CB, Barnea ER, Martin P, Levy C, Sharabi E, Bhamidimarri KR, Martin E, Arosemena L, Schiff ER. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Trial of Synthetic Preimplantation Factor in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1235-1246. [PMID: 30411073 PMCID: PMC6218676 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is an evolutionary conserved peptide secreted by viable embryos which promotes maternal tolerance without immune suppression. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) replicates native peptide activity. The aim of this study was to conduct the first‐in‐human trial of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of sPIF in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, prospective phase I clinical trial. Patients were adults with documented AIH with compensated chronic liver disease. Diagnosis of AIH was confirmed by either a pretreatment International Criteria for the Diagnosis of AIH score of 15 or more, or a posttreatment score of 17 or more. Patients were divided into three dosing cohorts (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) of 6 patients in each group. Three patients in each group had normal liver tests and 3 patients had abnormal liver tests. They were randomized to receive a single, subcutaneous dose of either sPIF or a matching placebo. Eighteen patients were enrolled, and all successfully completed the trial. There were no clinically significant adverse events and all doses were well tolerated. Ascending doses of sPIF produced a linear increase in the respective serum levels with a half‐life of 90 minutes. There were no grade 2, 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities. No patient developed detectable anti‐sPIF antibodies. Conclusion: This first‐in‐human trial of the safety and pharmacokinetics of sPIF (a novel biologic immune modulatory agent) demonstrated both excellent safety and tolerability. The data support further studies of multiple ascending doses of sPIF in autoimmune hepatitis and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Martin
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | - Cynthia Levy
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | - Eden Sharabi
- Northwestern University Medical School Chicago Illinois
| | | | - Eric Martin
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | | | - Eugene R Schiff
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
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12
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Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Spinelli M, Barnea ER, Mueller M. The core sequence of PIF competes for insulin/amyloid β in insulin degrading enzyme: potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33884-33895. [PMID: 30338033 PMCID: PMC6188057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The central pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sequential proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) agglomeration. The clearance of Aβ may be induced by the large zinc-binding protease insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). IDE is the common link between AD and Type II diabetes as insulin is an IDE target as well. Not surprisingly, the search for safe and effective drugs modulating IDE is ongoing. A new pregnancy derived peptide, PreImplantation Factor (PIF), inhibits neuro-inflammation and crosses the blood-brain-barrier. Importantly, we report that the (R3I4K5P6) core sequence of the PIF peptide modulates IDE function and results in decreased Aβ agglomeration in neuronal cells. Using bioinformatics we show that PIF binds to the IDE complex and sterically competes for the same place as insulin or Aβ. The predicted RIKP sequence and especially the specific I4 and P6 amino acids are essential for hydrophobic interactions with the IDE complex. In terms of potential AD treatment, PIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval and orphan drug designation for first-in-human trial in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), New York, NY, USA
- BioIncept, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Goodale LF, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Roussev R, Ramu S, Stamatkin C, Coulam CB, Barnea ER, Gilbert RO. PreImplantation factor (PIF) protects cultured embryos against oxidative stress: relevance for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32419-32432. [PMID: 28423690 PMCID: PMC5464799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 2-3% of couples. Despite a detailed work-up, the etiology is frequently undefined, leading to non-targeted therapy. Viable embryos and placentae express PreImplantation Factor (PIF). Maternal circulating PIF regulates systemic immunity and reduces circulating natural killer cells cytotoxicity in RPL patients. PIF promotes singly cultured embryos' development while anti-PIF antibody abrogates it. RPL serum induced embryo toxicity is negated by PIF. We report that PIF rescues delayed embryo development caused by <3 kDa RPL serum fraction likely by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We reveal that protein disulfide isomerase/thioredoxin (PDI/TRX) is a prime PIF target in the embryo, rendering it an important ROS scavenger. The 16F16-PDI/TRX inhibitor drastically reduced blastocyst development while exogenous PIF increased >2 fold the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. Mechanistically, PDI-inhibitor preferentially binds covalently to oxidized PDI over its reduced form where PIF avidly binds. PIF by targeting PDI/TRX at a distinct site limits the inhibitor's pro-oxidative effects. The >3kDa RPL serum increased embryo demise by three-fold, an effect negated by PIF. However, embryo toxicity was not associated with the presence of putative anti-PIF antibodies. Collectively, PIF protects cultured embryos both against ROS, and higher molecular weight toxins. Using PIF for optimizing in vitro fertilization embryos development and reducing RPL is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay F Goodale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sivakumar Ramu
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Promigen Life Sciences, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Stamatkin
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Therapeutic Validation Core, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Robert O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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14
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Shainer R, Almogi-Hazan O, Berger A, Hinden L, Mueller M, Brodie C, Simillion C, Paidas M, Barnea ER, Or R. PreImplantation factor (PIF) therapy provides comprehensive protection against radiation induced pathologies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58975-58994. [PMID: 27449294 PMCID: PMC5312289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) may lead to cancer and death and has few effective countermeasures. Efficacy of synthetic PIF treatment was demonstrated in preclinical autoimmune and transplantation models. PIF protected against inflammation and mortality following lethal irradiation in allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) model. Herein, we demonstrate that PIF imparts comprehensive local and systemic protection against lethal and sub-lethal ARS in murine models. PIF treatment 2 h after lethal irradiation led to 100% survival and global hematopoietic recovery at 2 weeks after therapy. At 24 h after irradiation PIF restored hematopoiesis in a semi-allogeneic BMT model. PIF-preconditioning provided improved long-term engraftment. The direct effect of PIF on bone marrow cells was also demonstrated in vitro: PIF promoted pre-B cell differentiation and increased immunoregulatory properties of BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. PIF treatment also improved hematopoietic recovery and reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine production after sub-lethal radiation exposure. Here, PIF also prevented colonic crypt and basal membrane damage coupled with reduced nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and increased (B7h1) expression. Global upper GI gene pathway analysis revealed PIF's involvement in protein-RNA interactions, mitochondrial oxidative pathways, and responses to cellular stress. Some effects may be attributed to PIF's influence on macrophage differentiation and function. PIF demonstrated a regulatory effect on irradiated macrophages and on classically activated M1 macrophages, reducing inflammatory gene expression (iNOS, Cox2), promoting protective (Arg1) gene expression and inducing pro-tolerance cytokine secretion. Notably, synthetic PIF is stable for long-term field use. Overall, clinical investigation of PIF for comprehensive ARS protection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Shainer
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Arye Berger
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Simillion
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Michael Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- The Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA.,BioIncept, LLC (PreImplantation Factor* Proprietary), Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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15
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Feichtinger M, Barnea ER, Nyachieo A, Brännström M, Kim SS. Allogeneic ovarian transplantation using immunomodulator preimplantation factor (PIF) as monotherapy restored ovarian function in olive baboon. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:81-89. [PMID: 29128910 PMCID: PMC5758471 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Allogeneic ovarian transplantation may be an alternative in the future to oocyte donation in women with premature ovarian failure. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate allotransplantation feasibility for restoration of ovarian function and (b) assess efficacy of synthetic preimplantation factor (PIF) monotherapy as sole immune-acceptance regimen. METHODS This is an experimental animal study using non-human primates (Papio anubis). Allogeneic orthotopic ovarian tissue transplantation was performed in two female olive baboons. PIF was administered as a monotherapy to prevent immune rejection and achieve transplant maintenance and function. Subjects underwent bilateral oophorectomy followed by cross-transplantation of prepared ovarian cortex. Postoperatively, subjects were monitored for clinical and biochemical signs of graft rejection and return of function. Weekly blood samples were obtained to monitor graft acceptance and endocrine function restoration. RESULTS Postoperatively, there were no clinical signs of rejection. Laboratory parameters (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) did not indicate organ rejection at any stage of the experiment. Initially, significant loss of follicles was noticed after grafting and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 levels were consistent with ovarian failure. Seven months after transplantation, one animal exhibited recurrence of ovarian endocrine function (perineal swelling, E2 rise, FSH decrease, and return of menstruation). CONCLUSIONS Organ rejection after allogeneic ovarian transplantation was prevented using PIF as monotherapy for the first time and no side effects were recorded. The study suggests the clinical feasibility of ovarian allotransplantation to obtain ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Feichtinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
- SIEP, Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
| | | | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Samuel Kim
- University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- American-Sino Women's and Children's Hospital, 155 Songyuan Rd., Shanghai, China.
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16
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Chih Chen Y, Rivera J, Fitzgerald M, Hausding C, Ying YL, Wang X, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Barnea ER, Peter K. PreImplantation factor prevents atherosclerosis via its immunomodulatory effects without affecting serum lipids. Thromb Haemost 2017; 115:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-08-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPreImplantation factor (PIF) is a 15-amino acid peptide endogenously secreted by viable embryos, regulating/enabling maternal (host) acceptance/tolerance to the “invading” embryo (allograft) all-while preserving maternal immunity to fight infections. Such attributes make PIF a potential therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether PIF’s immunomodulatory properties prevent progression of atherosclerosis in the hyper-cholesterolaemic ApoEdeficient murine model. Male, high-fat diet fed, ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were administered either PBS, scrambled PIF (0.3–3 mg/kg) or PIF (0.3–3 mg/kg) for seven weeks. After treatment, PIF (3 mg/kg)-treated ApoE-/- mice displayed significantly reduced atherosclerosis lesion burden in the aortic sinus and aortic arch, without any effect on lipid profile. PIF also caused a significant reduction in infiltration of macrophages, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines in the plaque, and reduced circulating IFN-γ levels. PIF preferentially binds to monocytes/neutrophils. In vitro, PIF attenuated monocyte migration (MCP-1-induced chemotaxis assay) and in vivo in LPS peritonitis model. Also PIF prevented leukocyte extravasation (peritonitis thioglycollate-induced model), demonstrating that PIF exerts its effect in part by modulation of monocyte function. Inhibition of the potassium channel KCNAB3 (Kv1.3) and of the insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) was demonstrated as potential mechanism of PIF’s immunomodulatory effects. In conclusion, PIF regulates/lowers inflammation and prevents atherosclerosis development without affecting circulating lipids. Overall our findings establish PIF as a strong immunomodulatory drug candidate for atherosclerosis therapy.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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17
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PIF* promotes brain re-myelination locally while regulating systemic inflammation- clinically relevant multiple sclerosis M.smegmatis model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21834-21851. [PMID: 28423529 PMCID: PMC5400627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurologic disease diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with few clinical forms and uncertain etiology. Current studies suggest that it is likely caused by infection(s) triggering a systemic immune response resulting in antigen/non-antigen-related autoimmune response in central nervous system (CNS). New therapeutic approaches are needed. Secreted by viable embryos, PreImplantation Factor (PIF) possesses a local and systemic immunity regulatory role. Synthetic PIF (PIF) duplicates endogenous peptide's protective effect in pre-clinical autoimmune and transplantation models. PIF protects against brain hypoxia-ischemia by directly targeting microglia and neurons. In chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model PIF reverses paralysis while promoting neural repair. Herein we report that PIF directly promotes brain re-myelination and reverses paralysis in relapsing remitting EAE MS model. PIF crosses the blood-brain barrier targeting microglia. Systemically, PIF decreases pro-inflammatory IL23/IL17 cytokines, while preserving CNS-specific T-cell repertoire. Global brain gene analysis revealed that PIF regulates critical Na+/K+/Ca++ ions, amino acid and glucose transport genes expression. Further, PIF modulates oxidative stress, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation, and protein ubiquitination while regulating multiple genes. In cultured astrocytes, PIF promotes BDNF-myelin synthesis promoter and SLC2A1 (glucose transport) while reducing deleterious E2F5, and HSP90ab1 (oxidative stress) genes expression. In cultured microglia, PIF increases anti-inflammatory IL10 while reducing pro-inflammatory IFNγ expression. Collectively, PIF promotes brain re-myelination and neuroprotection in relapsing remitting EAE MS model. Coupled with ongoing, Fast-Track FDA approved clinical trial, NCT#02239562 (immune disorder), current data supports PIF's translation for neurodegenerative disorders therapy.
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18
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Sbracia M, McKinnon B, Scarpellini F, Marconi D, Rossi G, Simmilion C, Mueller MD, Barnea ER, Mueller M. PreImplantation Factor in endometriosis: A potential role in inducing immune privilege for ectopic endometrium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184399. [PMID: 28902871 PMCID: PMC5597204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by the growth of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. In addition to Sampson’s theory of retrograde menstruation, endometriosis pathogenesis is facilitated by a privileged inflammatory microenvironment, with T regulatory FoxP3+ expressing T cells (Tregs) being a significant factor. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a peptide essential for pregnancy recognition and development. An immune modulatory function of the synthetic PIF analog (sPIF) has been successfully confirmed in multiple animal models. We report that PIF is expressed in the epithelial ectopic cells in close proximity to FoxP3+ stromal cells. We provide evidence that PIF interacts with FoxP3+ cells and modulates cell viability, dependent on cell source and presence of inflammatory mediators. Our finding represent a novel PIF-based mechanism in endometriosis that has potential for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sbracia
- Hungaria Center for Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Brett McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Scarpellini
- Hungaria Center for Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cedric Simmilion
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- SIEP- The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Research and Development, BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ERB)
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ERB)
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19
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Wonfor RE, Natoli M, Rose MT, Nash DM. Effects of preimplantation factor on interleukin-6 and prostaglandin F 2α and E 2 in the bovine endometrium. Theriogenology 2017; 102:174-182. [PMID: 28800499 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is a pregnancy specific peptide with immune modulatory properties exerted on the human endometrium. Viable bovine embryos secrete PIF, but its effect on the bovine endometrial immune response is unknown, both in native and inflammatory stimulated endometrial tissue. An ex vivo bovine endometrial tissue culture model was used with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an inflammatory stimulant. The effect of synthetic PIF (sPIF) was assessed, in three separate experiments, on the secretion or mRNA expression of essential prostaglandins and cytokines. Radioimmunoassays were used to assess prostaglandin secretion and ELISA for IL-6 secretion from endometrial explants. mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 was analysed from endometrial explants with real-time PCR. Synthetic PIF reduced native IL-6 secretion from explants when pre-treated for 24 h. There was no effect of sPIF on IL-6 secretion from LPS challenged explants; however, sPIF increased IL6 mRNA expression when challenged with 500 ng/mL LPS. There was no effect of sPIF on prostaglandin secretion or mRNA expression of IL8. Therefore, sPIF is able to modulate the native IL-6 production pathway in the bovine endometrium, yet demonstrates no effect on prostaglandin secretion or IL8 expression. Unlike in human studies, effects of sPIF were minimal, thus sPIF is not an effective modulator of the immune targets investigated in the bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Wonfor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK.
| | - Manuela Natoli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Michael T Rose
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Deborah M Nash
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
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20
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Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (PIF) prevents fetal loss by modulating LPS induced inflammatory response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180642. [PMID: 28704412 PMCID: PMC5507516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal control of inflammation is essential during pregnancy and an exaggerated response is one of the underlying causes of fetal loss. Inflammatory response is mediated by multiple factors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central. Activation of TLRs results in NALP-3 mediated assembly of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 into the inflammasome and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Given that preventing measures are lacking, we investigated PreImplantation Factor (PIF) as therapeutic option as PIF modulates Inflammation in pregnancy. Additionally, synthetic PIF (PIF analog) protects against multiple immune disorders. We used a LPS induced murine model of fetal loss and synthetic PIF reduced this fetal loss and increased the embryo weight significantly. We detected increased PIF expression in the placentae after LPS insult. The LPS induced serum and placenta cytokines were abolished by synthetic PIF treatment and importantly synthetic PIF modulated key members of inflammasome complex NALP-3, ASC, and caspase-1 as well. In conclusion our results indicate that synthetic PIF protects against LPS induced fetal loss, likely through modulation of inflammatory response especially the inflammasome complex. Given that synthetic PIF is currently tested in autoimmune diseases of non-pregnant subjects (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02239562), therapeutic approach during pregnancy can be envisioned.
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21
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Moindjie H, Santos ED, Gouesse RJ, Swierkowski-Blanchard N, Serazin V, Barnea ER, Vialard F, Dieudonné MN. Preimplantation factor is an anti-apoptotic effector in human trophoblasts involving p53 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2504. [PMID: 27906186 PMCID: PMC5261002 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
From the earliest stages of gestation, embryonic-maternal interaction has a key role in a successful pregnancy. Various factors present during gestation may significantly influence this type of juxta/paracrine interaction. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a recently identified factor with activity at the fetomaternal interface. PIF is secreted by viable embryos and directly controls placental development by increasing the invasive capacity of human extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). To further specify PIF's role in the human placenta, we analyzed the genome-wide expression profile of the EVT in the presence of a synthetic PIF analog (sPIF). We found that sPIF exposure altered several pathways related to p53 signaling, survival and the immune response. Functional assays revealed that sPIF acts through the p53 pathway to reduce both early and late trophoblast apoptosis. More precisely, sPIF (i) decreases the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15, (ii) enhances the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression and (iii) reduces the BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist killer (BAK) mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, invalidation experiments of TP53 allowed us to demonstrate that PIF's effects on placental apoptosis seemed to be essentially mediated by this gene. We have clearly shown that p53 and sPIF pathways could interact in human trophoblast and thus promotes cell survival. Furthermore, sPIF was found to regulate a gene network related to immune tolerance in the EVT, which emphasizes the beneficial effect of this peptide on the human placenta. Finally, the PIF protein levels in placentas from pregnancies affected by preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction were significantly lower than in gestational age-matched control placentas. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that sPIF protects the EVT's functional status through a variety of mechanisms. Clinical application of sPIF in the treatment of disorders of early pregnancy can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Moindjie
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France
| | - Esther Dos Santos
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France.,Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France
| | - Rita-Josiane Gouesse
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France
| | - Nelly Swierkowski-Blanchard
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France
| | - Valérie Serazin
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France.,Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - François Vialard
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France.,Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France
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22
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Barnea ER, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Almogi-Hazan O, Or R, Guingab J, McElhinney J, Fernandez N, Barder T. PreImplantation factor (PIF*) regulates systemic immunity and targets protective regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins. Immunobiology 2016; 221:778-93. [PMID: 26944449 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted by viable embryos, PIF is expressed by the placenta and found in maternal circulation. It promotes implantation and trophoblast invasion, achieving systemic immune homeostasis. Synthetic PIF successfully transposes endogenous PIF features to non-pregnant immune and transplant models. PIF affects innate and activated PBMC cytokines and genes expression. We report that PIF targets similar proteins in CD14+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells instigating integrated immune regulation. PIF-affinity chromatography followed by mass-spectrometry, pathway and heatmap analysis reveals that SET-apoptosis inhibitor, vimentin, myosin-9 and calmodulin are pivotal for immune regulation. PIF acts on macrophages down-stream of LPS (lipopolysaccharide-bacterial antigen) CD14/TLR4/MD2 complex, targeting myosin-9, thymosin-α1 and 14-3-3eta. PIF mainly targets platelet aggregation in CD4+, and skeletal proteins in CD8+ cells. Pathway analysis demonstrates that PIF targets and regulates SET, tubulin, actin-b, and S100 genes expression. PIF targets systemic immunity and has a short circulating half-life. Collectively, PIF targets identified; protective, immune regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins reveal mechanisms involved in the observed efficacy against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R Barnea
- The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, USA; BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joy Guingab
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Banyan Biomarkers, Alachua, FL, USA
| | - James McElhinney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Nelson Fernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Timothy Barder
- Research & Development, Eprogen, Inc., Downers Grove, IL, USA
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Barnea E, Almogi-Hazan O, Or R, Mueller M, Ria F, Weiss L, Paidas M. Immune regulatory and neuroprotective properties of preimplantation factor: From newborn to adult. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:10-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Barnea ER, Vialard F, Moindjie H, Ornaghi S, Dieudonne MN, Paidas MJ. PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) endogenously prevents preeclampsia: Promotes trophoblast invasion and reduces oxidative stress. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 114:58-64. [PMID: 26257082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a unique pregnancy disorder whose patho-physiology is initiated early in gestation, while clinical manifestations typically occur in mid-to-late pregnancy. Thus, prevention should optimally be initiated in early gestation. The intimate interaction between PIF, secreted early by viable embryos, and its host-mother provides insight into putative mechanisms of preeclampsia prevention. PIF is instrumental at the two critical events underlying preeclampsia. At first, shallow implantation leads to impaired placentation, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and endothelial dysfunction. Later in gestation, hyper-oxygenation due to overflow of maternally derived oxygenated blood compromises the placenta. The first is likely involved in early preeclampsia occurrence due to reduced effectiveness of trophoblast/uterus interaction. The latter is observed with later-onset preeclampsia, caused by a breakdown in placental blood flow regulation. We reported that 1. PIF promotes implantation, endometrium receptivity, trophoblast invasion and increases pro-tolerance trophoblastic HLA-G expression and, 2. PIF protects against oxidative stress and protein misfolding, interacting with specific targets in embryo, 3. PIF regulates systemic immunity to reduce oxidative stress. Using PIF as an early preventative preeclampsia intervention could ameliorate or even prevent the disease, whose current main solution is early delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA; BioIncept, LLC, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA.
| | - F Vialard
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Department of Biology of Reproduction, Cytogenetic, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, 23 Boulevard Gambetta, Poissy, France.
| | - H Moindjie
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Cytogenetic, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, 23 Boulevard Gambetta, Poissy, France.
| | - S Ornaghi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, Milano, Italy; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Women and Children's Center For Blood Disorders and Preeclampsia Advancement, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB 339B, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
| | - M N Dieudonne
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - M J Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Women and Children's Center For Blood Disorders and Preeclampsia Advancement, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB 339B, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
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Barnea ER, Kirk D, Todorova K, McElhinney J, Hayrabedyan S, Fernández N. PIF direct immune regulation: Blocks mitogen-activated PBMCs proliferation, promotes TH2/TH1 bias, independent of Ca2+. Immunobiology 2015; 220:865-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mueller M, Schoeberlein A, Zhou J, Joerger-Messerli M, Oppliger B, Reinhart U, Bordey A, Surbek D, Barnea ER, Huang Y, Paidas M. PreImplantation Factor bolsters neuroprotection via modulating Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C signaling. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2078-86. [PMID: 25976303 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic peptide (sPIF) analogous to the mammalian embryo-derived PreImplantation Factor (PIF) enables neuroprotection in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and perinatal brain injury. The protective effects have been attributed, in part, to sPIF's ability to inhibit the biogenesis of microRNA let-7, which is released from injured cells during central nervous system (CNS) damage and induces neuronal death. Here, we uncover another novel mechanism of sPIF-mediated neuroprotection. Using a clinically relevant rat newborn brain injury model, we demonstrate that sPIF, when subcutaneously administrated, is able to reduce cell death, reverse neuronal loss and restore proper cortical architecture. We show, both in vivo and in vitro, that sPIF activates cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC) signaling, leading to increased phosphorylation of major neuroprotective substrates GAP-43, BAD and CREB. Phosphorylated CREB in turn facilitates expression of Gap43, Bdnf and Bcl2 known to have important roles in regulating neuronal growth, survival and remodeling. As is the case in sPIF-mediated let-7 repression, we provide evidence that sPIF-mediated PKA/PKC activation is dependent on TLR4 expression. Thus, we propose that sPIF imparts neuroprotection via multiple mechanisms at multiple levels downstream of TLR4. Given the recent FDA fast-track approval of sPIF for clinical trials, its potential clinical application for treating other CNS diseases can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Schoeberlein
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | | | - B Oppliger
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Reinhart
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Moindjie H, Santos ED, Loeuillet L, Gronier H, de Mazancourt P, Barnea ER, Vialard F, Dieudonne MN. Preimplantation Factor (PIF) Promotes Human Trophoblast Invasion1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:118. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Duzyj CM, Paidas MJ, Jebailey L, Huang JS, Barnea ER. PreImplantation factor (PIF*) promotes embryotrophic and neuroprotective decidual genes: effect negated by epidermal growth factor. J Neurodev Disord 2014; 6:36. [PMID: 26085845 PMCID: PMC4470351 DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-6-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate embryo-maternal interaction is paramount for pregnancy success post-implantation. The embryo follows a specific developmental timeline starting with neural system, dependent on endogenous and decidual factors. Beyond altered genetics/epigenetics, post-natal diseases may initiate at prenatal/neonatal, post-natal period, or through a continuum. Preimplantation factor (PIF) secreted by viable embryos promotes implantation and trophoblast invasion. Synthetic PIF reverses neuroinflammation in non-pregnant models. PIF targets embryo proteins that protect against oxidative stress and protein misfolding. We report of PIF’s embryotrophic role and potential to prevent developmental disorders by regulating uterine milieu at implantation and first trimester. Methods PIF’s effect on human implantation (human endometrial stromal cells (HESC)) and first-trimester decidua cultures (FTDC) was examined, by global gene expression (Affymetrix), disease-biomarkers ranking (GeneGo), neuro-specific genes (Ingenuity) and proteins (mass-spectrometry). PIF co-cultured epidermal growth factor (EGF) in both HESC and FTDC (Affymetrix) was evaluated. Results In HESC, PIF promotes neural differentiation and transmission genes (TLX2, EPHA10) while inhibiting retinoic acid receptor gene, which arrests growth. PIF promotes axon guidance and downregulates EGF-dependent neuroregulin signaling. In FTDC, PIF promotes bone morphogenetic protein pathway (SMAD1, 53-fold) and axonal guidance genes (EPH5) while inhibiting PPP2R2C, negative cell-growth regulator, involved in Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In HESC, PIF affects angiotensin via beta-arrestin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), notch, BMP, and wingless-int (WNT) signaling pathways that promote neurogenesis involved in childhood neurodevelopmental diseases—autism and also affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in neuromuscular disorders. In FTDC, PIF upregulates neural development and hormone signaling, while downregulating genes protecting against xenobiotic response leading to connective tissue disorders. In both HESC and FTDC, PIF affects neural development and transmission pathways. In HESC interactome, PIF promotes FUS gene, which controls genome integrity, while in FTDC, PIF upregulates STAT3 critical transcription signal. EGF abolished PIF’s effect on HESC, decreasing metalloproteinase and prolactin receptor genes, thereby interfering with decidualization, while in FTDC, EGF co-cultured with PIF reduced ZHX2, gene that regulates neural AFP secretion. Conclusions PIF promotes decidual trophic genes and proteins to regulate neural development. By regulating the uterine milieu, PIF may decrease embryo vulnerability to post-natal neurodevelopmental disorders. Examination of PIF-based intervention strategies used during embryogenesis to improve pregnancy prognosis and reduce post-natal vulnerability is clearly in order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Duzyj
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael J Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lellean Jebailey
- GeneGo Inc., A Thomson Reuters Business, 5901 Priestly Drive Suite 200, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jing Shun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA ; BioIncept LLC (PIF Proprietary), 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA
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PreImplantation factor promotes neuroprotection by targeting microRNA let-7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13882-7. [PMID: 25205808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411674111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction and loss of neurons are the major characteristics of CNS disorders that include stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Activation of the Toll-like receptor 7 by extracellular microRNA let-7, a highly expressed microRNA in the CNS, induces neuronal cell death. Let-7 released from injured neurons and immune cells acts on neighboring cells, exacerbating CNS damage. Here we show that a synthetic peptide analogous to the mammalian PreImplantation factor (PIF) secreted by developing embryos and which is present in the maternal circulation during pregnancy inhibits the biogenesis of let-7 in both neuronal and immune cells of the mouse. The synthetic peptide, sPIF, destabilizes KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), a key microRNA-processing protein, in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner, leading to decreased production of let-7. Furthermore, s.c. administration of sPIF into neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury robustly rescued cortical volume and number of neurons and decreased the detrimental glial response, as is consistent with diminished levels of KSRP and let-7 in sPIF-treated brains. Our results reveal a previously unexpected mechanism of action of PIF and underscore the potential clinical utility of sPIF in treating hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. The newly identified PIF/TLR4/KSRP/let-7 regulatory axis also may operate during embryo implantation and development.
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Barnea ER, Lubman DM, Liu YH, Absalon-Medina V, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Gilbert RO, Guingab J, Barder TJ. Insight into PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) mechanism for embryo protection and development: target oxidative stress and protein misfolding (PDI and HSP) through essential RIKP [corrected] binding site. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100263. [PMID: 24983882 PMCID: PMC4077574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous PIF, upon which embryo development is dependent, is secreted only by viable mammalian embryos, and absent in non-viable ones. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) administration promotes singly cultured embryos development and protects against their demise caused by embryo-toxic serum. To identify and characterize critical sPIF-embryo protein interactions novel biochemical and bio-analytical methods were specifically devised. Methods FITC-PIF uptake/binding by cultured murine and equine embryos was examined and compared with scrambled FITC-PIF (control). Murine embryo (d10) lysates were fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC, fractions printed onto microarray slides and probed with Biotin-PIF, IDE and Kv1.3 antibodies, using fluorescence detection. sPIF-based affinity column was developed to extract and identify PIF-protein interactions from lysates using peptide mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In silico evaluation examined binding of PIF to critical targets, using mutation analysis. Results PIF directly targets viable cultured embryos as compared with control peptide, which failed to bind. Multistep Biotin-PIF targets were confirmed by single-step PIF-affinity column based isolation. PIF binds protein disulfide isomerases a prolyl-4-hydroxylase β-subunit, (PDI, PDIA4, PDIA6-like) containing the antioxidant thioredoxin domain. PIF also binds protective heat shock proteins (70&90), co-chaperone, BAG-3. Remarkably, PIF targets a common RIPK site in PDI and HSP proteins. Further, single PIF amino acid mutation significantly reduced peptide-protein target bonding. PIF binds promiscuous tubulins, neuron backbones and ACTA-1,2 visceral proteins. Significant anti-IDE, while limited anti-Kv1.3b antibody-binding to Biotin-PIF positive lysates HPLC fractions were documented. Conclusion Collectively, data identifies PIF shared targets on PDI and HSP in the embryo. Such are known to play a critical role in protecting against oxidative stress and protein misfolding. PIF-affinity-column is a novel utilitarian method for small molecule targets direct identification. Data reveals and completes the understanding of mechanisms involved in PIF-induced autotrophic and protective effects on the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R. Barnea
- Research & Development, SIEP The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, United States of America
- Research & Development, BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Victor Absalon-Medina
- Reproductive Medicine, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robert O. Gilbert
- Reproductive Medicine, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Joy Guingab
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Banyan Biomarkers, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Barder
- Research & Development, Eprogen, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States of America
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Absalón-Medina VA, Butler WR, Gilbert RO. Preimplantation embryo metabolism and culture systems: experience from domestic animals and clinical implications. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:393-409. [PMID: 24682781 PMCID: PMC3969471 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advantages of in vitro embryo production in many species, widespread use of this technology is limited by generally lower developmental competence of in vitro derived embryos compared to in vivo counterparts. Regardless, in vivo or in vitro gametes and embryos face and must adjust to multiple microenvironments especially at preimplantation stages. Moreover, the embryo has to be able to further adapt to environmental cues in utero to result in the birth of live and healthy offspring. Enormous strides have been made in understanding and meeting stage-specific requirements of preimplantation embryos, but interpretation of the data is made difficult due to the complexity of the wide array of culture systems and the remarkable plasticity of developing embryos that seem able to develop under a variety of conditions. Nevertheless, a primary objective remains meeting, as closely as possible, the preimplantation embryo requirements as provided in vivo. In general, oocytes and embryos develop more satisfactorily when cultured in groups. However, optimization of individual culture of oocytes and embryos is an important goal and area of intensive current research for both animal and human clinical application. Successful culture of individual embryos is of primary importance in order to avoid ovarian superstimulation and the associated physiological and psychological disadvantages for patients. This review emphasizes stage specific shifts in embryo metabolism and requirements and research to optimize in vitro embryo culture conditions and supplementation, with a view to optimizing embryo culture in general, and culture of single embryos in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Absalón-Medina
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - W. R. Butler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - R. O. Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Ramu S, Stamatkin C, Timms L, Ruble M, Roussev RG, Barnea ER. PreImplantation factor (PIF) detection in maternal circulation in early pregnancy correlates with live birth (bovine model). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:105. [PMID: 24238492 PMCID: PMC3842769 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of viable pregnancy is paramount for successful reproduction. Detection of specific signals from pre-implantation viable embryos in normal pregnancy circulation would indicate initiation of embryo-maternal interaction and create a continuum to accurately reflect embryo/fetal well-being post-implantation. Viable mammalian embryos secrete PreImplantation Factor (PIF), a biomarker which plays key, multi-targeted roles to promote implantation, trophoblast invasion and modulate maternal innate and adaptive immunity toward acceptance. Anti-PIF monoclonal antibody (mAb-based chemiluminescent ELISA) accurately detects PIF in singly cultured embryos media and its increased levels correlate with embryo development up to the blastocyst stage. Herein reported that PIF levels (ELISA) in early maternal serum correlate with pregnancy outcome. METHODS Artificially inseminated (AI) blind-coded Angus cattle (N = 21-23) serum samples (day 10,15 & 20 post-AI) with known calf birth were blindly tested, using both non-pregnant heifers (N = 30) and steer serum as negative controls. Assay properties and anti-PIF monoclonal antibody specificity were determined by examining linearity, spike and recovery experiments and testing the antibody against 234 different circulating proteins by microarray. Endogenous PIF was detected using <3 kDa filter separation followed by anti-PIF mAb-based affinity chromatography and confirmed by ELISA and HPLC. PIF expression was established in placenta using anti-PIF mAb-based IHC. RESULTS PIF detects viable pregnancy at day 10 post-AI with 91.3% sensitivity, reaching 100% by day 20 and correlating with live calf birth. All non-pregnant samples were PIF negative. PIF level in pregnant samples was a stringent 3 + SD higher as compared to heifers and steer sera. Assay is linear and spike and recovery data demonstrates lack of serum interference. Anti-PIF mAb is specific and does not interact with circulating proteins. Anti-PIF based affinity purification demonstrates that endogenous PIF is what ELISA detects. The early bovine placenta expresses PIF in the trophoblast layer. CONCLUSION Data herein documents that PIF is a specific, reliable embryo-derived biomarker conveniently detectable in early maternal circulation. PIF ELISA emerges as practical tool to detect viable early pregnancy from day 20 post-AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Ramu
- CARI Laboratories, 233 E. Erie Street, #520, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Leo Timms
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2229 Lincoln Way, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marshall Ruble
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2229 Lincoln Way, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Roumen G Roussev
- CARI Laboratories, 233 E. Erie Street, #520, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko Shosse, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA
- BioIncept LLC, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA
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Immune Regulation and Oxidative Stress Reduction by Preimplantation Factor following Syngeneic or Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/718031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), a well-established treatment for hematological diseases, is frequently hampered by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and/or by infections due to delay in immune restoration. Prelmplantation Factor (PIF) is an embryo-derived peptide whose physiological function is to regulate local and systemic immunity and promote transplant acceptance. Synthetic PIF’s effectiveness to regulate immune response following BMT was herein examined in murine model. PIF administration reduced GVHD following allogenic BMT, decreased skin, liver, and colon inflammation and down regulated GVHD-associated gene expression in the liver. iNOS gene expression was reduced both in liver and colon. In syngeneic BMT, PIF administration reduced proinflammatory genes expression and promoted mice weight recovery up to two months after transplantation. PIF immune-regulatory effects were mediated via interaction with monocytes, resulting in decreased iNOS expression and NO secretion in-vitro. Overall, we demonstrate that by regulating immune response after BMT, PIF reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to transplant success.
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Barnea ER, Rambaldi M, Paidas MJ, Mecacci F. Reproduction and autoimmune disease: important translational implications from embryo–maternal interaction. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:769-80. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and autoimmune disorders (ADs) coexist in a delicate balance. Whereas women are disproportionately affected by ADs – frequently occurring during reproductive years – the disease often improves during pregnancy, unless severe. However, when ADs are at an advanced stage, both mother and fetus can be severely affected. Maternal AD amelioration reduces fetal morbidity/mortality. AD improvement occurs without compromising immune tolerance for the fetus; however, it is short-lived since postpartum, flare-up frequently occurs. Consequences of pregnancy-related maternal disease can have life-long impact. Pregnancy is not an immune-suppressed state, but rather a controlled inflammatory environment with distinct local and systemic coordination. Pregnancy requires a delicate immune balance; the embryo/allograft does not cause graft-versus-host disease while the mother/host immunity is modulated without suppression. We herein critically examine the synergetic reciprocal relationship between pregnancy and ADs. We review key ADs and their current prognosis and management. Finally, we describe PreImplantation Factor, a peptide secreted by viable embryos that, beyond its essential autotrophic and proimplantation properties, regulates systemic immune response and also proved effective in nonpregnant autoimmune and transplantation models. Hence, PreImplantation Factor may have a key role in improving ADs in pregnancy, and provide a novel drug for treatment of immune disorders in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Mariana Rambaldi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael J Paidas
- Yale Women and Children’s Center for Blood Disorders, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Federico Mecacci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Azar Y, Shainer R, Almogi-Hazan O, Bringer R, Compton SR, Paidas MJ, Barnea ER, Or R. PreImplantation Factor Reduces Graft-versus-Host Disease by Regulating Immune Response and Lowering Oxidative Stress (Murine Model). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:519-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barnea ER, Kirk D, Ramu S, Rivnay B, Roussev R, Paidas MJ. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) orchestrates systemic antiinflammatory response by immune cells: effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:313.e1-11. [PMID: 23021695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embryo-derived PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is essential for pregnancy immune modulation and synthetic PIF (sPIF), reverses neuroinflammation, and prevents diabetes mellitus through its immune modulatory properties. Herein, we explore sPIF's systemic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). STUDY DESIGN sPIF's effects on PBMCs and subset populations from nonpregnant patients (n = 7) and male patients were evaluated by the assessment of binding characteristics, mixed lymphocyte reaction, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and associated gene expression. Data analysis was by analysis of variance (P < .05). RESULTS Fluorescein isothiocyanate-sPIF bound all myelomonocytic cells; binding was 30-fold up-regulated in mitogen-activated T and B cells (P < .05). sPIF decreased mixed lymphocyte reaction by 70% and blocked anti-CD3 antibody stimulated-PBMC proliferation by approximately 80% (P < .05). In naïve PBMCs, sPIF reduced interleukin (IL)-10 and -2; in activated PBMCs, sPIF increased IL-4, -5, -10, and -2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (P < .05). CONCLUSION Physiologic concentrations of PIF exert potent systemic antiinflammatory effects on nonpregnant activated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy and BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.
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Paidas MJ, Annunziato J, Romano M, Weiss L, Or R, Barnea ER. Pregnancy and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Beneficial Association. Possible therapeutic application of embryo-specific Pre-implantation Factor (PIF*). Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:456-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Paidas
- Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders; Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven; CT; USA
| | - Jack Annunziato
- Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders; Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven; CT; USA
| | - Michael Romano
- Yale Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders; Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven; CT; USA
| | - Lola Weiss
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem; Hebrew University; Jerusalem; Israel
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem; Hebrew University; Jerusalem; Israel
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Barnea ER, Kirk D, Paidas MJ. Preimplantation factor (PIF) promoting role in embryo implantation: increases endometrial integrin-α2β3, amphiregulin and epiregulin while reducing betacellulin expression via MAPK in decidua. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:50. [PMID: 22788113 PMCID: PMC3444419 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viable embryos secrete preimplantation factor (PIF), a peptide that has autocrine effects where levels correlate with cultured embryos development. sPIF (PIF synthetic analog) promotes implantation by regulating decidual-cells immunity, adhesion, apoptosis and enhances trophoblastic cell invasion. Herein sPIF priming effects on non-decidualized endometrium and decidualized-stroma are investigated, assessing elements critical for effective embryo-maternal cross-talk, prior to and at implantation. METHODS We tested sPIF effect on human non-pregnant endometrial epithelial and non-decidualized stroma α2β3 integrin expression (IHC and flow cytometry), comparing with scrambled PIF (PIFscr-control). We examined sPIF effect on decidualized non-pregnant human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) determining pro-inflammatory mediators expression and secretion (ELISA) and growth factors (GFs) expression (Affymetrix global gene array). We tested sPIF effect on HESC Phospho-kinases (BioPlex) and isolated kinases activity (FastKinase). RESULTS sPIF up-regulates α2β3 integrin expression in epithelial cells, (P < 0.05) while PIFscr had no effect. In contrast, in stromal cell cultures sPIF had no effect on the same. In HESC, sPIF up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines; IL8, IL1β and IL6 expression. The major increase in GRO-α, ICAM-1 and MCP-3 expression is coupled with same ligands secretion (P < 0.05). sPIF modulates in HESC GFs expression: up-regulates amphiregulin and epiregulin- critical for implantation and enhances several fibroblast growth factors (FGF) relevant for decidual function. In contrast, sPIF down-regulates major pro-proliferative ligands, betacellulin and IGF1 expression. sPIF modulatory effect on GFs is exerted by down-regulating pro-proliferative phospho-activated MAPkinases, p-MEK1 and p-ERK (P < 0.01, P < 0.04, respectively). Stress-induced p-38-MAPK (P = 0.04) and c-Jun kinase signaling involved MAPK8IP2 (-2.1 fold) expression decreased which protects against reactive oxygen species. Although pro-inflammatory p-NFkB (P = 0.06) decrease was mild, its promoter TNFRS11 expression markedly (-25-fold) decreased. In contrast, anti-proliferative phosphatases PTPRZ1 and PPP2R2C expression increased. CONCLUSIONS sPIF post-fertilization primes endometrial-epithelium, while during implantation creates a beneficial pro-inflammatory milieu. PIF acts by balancing decidual pro-implantation properties while controlling excessive pro-proliferative and inflammatory signals expression. Overall, PIF influences critical peri-implantation events in a sequential coordinated fashion which facilitates embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R Barnea
- SIEP - Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
- BioIncept LLC, 1697 Lark Lane, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael J Paidas
- Yale Women and Children’s Center for Blood Disorders, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:729290. [PMID: 22792111 PMCID: PMC3391904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/729290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles in the cell, hosting essential functions, from biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, from calcium buffering to red-ox homeostasis and apoptotic signalling pathways. Mitochondria are also dynamic organelles, continuously fusing and dividing, and their localization, size and trafficking are finely regulated. Moreover, in recent decades, alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics have been implicated in an increasing number of diseases. In this review, we focus on the relationship clarified hitherto between mitochondrial dynamics and cancer, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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