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Zhang B, Boyd SD, Zhabilov D, Ullrich M, Blackburn NJ, Winkler DD. Pathogenic R 163W Variant of the Copper Chaperone for Sod1 (Ccs) Functions as an Anti-chaperone. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2051-2062. [PMID: 39099176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The copper chaperone for Sod1 (Ccs) is a metallochaperone that plays a multifaceted role in the maturation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1). The Ccs mutation R163W was identified in an infant with fatal neurological abnormalities. Based on a comprehensive structural and functional analysis, we developed the first data-driven model for R163W-related pathogenic phenotypes. The work here confirms previous findings that the substitution of arginine with tryptophan at this site, which is located adjacent to a conserved Zn binding site, creates an unstable Zn-deficient protein that loses its ability to efficiently activate Sod1. Intriguingly, R163W Ccs can reduce copper (i.e., Cu(II) → Cu(I)) bound in its Sod1-like domain (D2), and this novel redox event is accompanied by disulfide bond formation. The loss of Zn binding, along with the unusual ability to bind copper in D2, diverts R163W Ccs toward aggregation. The remarkably high affinity of D2 Cu(I) binding converts R163W from a Cu chaperone to a Cu scavenger that accelerates Sod1 deactivation (i.e., an Anti-chaperone). Overall, these findings present a first-of-its-kind molecular mechanism for Ccs dysfunction that leads to pathogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, United States
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, United States
| | - Dannie Zhabilov
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, United States
| | - Morgan Ullrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, United States
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, United States
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2
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Colognesi M, Shkodra A, Gabbia D, Kawamata H, Manfredi PL, Manfredi G, De Martin S. Sex-dependent effects of the uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist REL-1017 in G93A-SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1384829. [PMID: 38765264 PMCID: PMC11100767 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1384829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the demise of motor neurons has been linked to excitotoxicity caused by excessive calcium influx via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), suggesting that uncompetitive NMDAR antagonism could be a strategy to attenuate motor neuron degeneration. REL-1017, the dextro-isomer of racemic methadone, is a low-affinity uncompetitive NMDAR antagonist. Importantly, in humans REL-1017 has shown excellent tolerability in clinical trials for major depression. Methods Here, we tested if REL-1017 improves the disease phenotypes in the G93A SOD1 mouse, a well-established model of familial ALS, by examining survival and motor functions, as well as the expression of genes and proteins involved in neuroplasticity. Results We found a sex-dependent effect of REL-1017 in G93A SOD1 mice. A delay of ALS symptom onset, assessed as 10%-decrease of body weight (p < 0.01 vs. control untreated mice) and an extension of lifespan (p < 0.001 vs. control untreated mice) was observed in male G93A SOD1 mice. Female G93A SOD1 mice treated with REL-1017 showed an improvement of muscle strength (p < 0.01 vs. control untreated mice). Both males and females treated with REL-1017 showed a decrease in hind limb clasping. Sex-dependent effects of REL-1017 were also detected in molecular markers of neuronal plasticity (PSD95 and SYN1) in the spinal cord and in the GluN1 NMDAR subunit in quadricep muscles. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provides preclinical in vivo evidence supporting the clinical evaluation of REL-1017 in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Atea Shkodra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Xie D, Song C, Qin T, Zhai Z, Cai J, Dai J, Sun T, Xu Y. Moschus ameliorates glutamate-induced cellular damage by regulating autophagy and apoptosis pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18586. [PMID: 37903904 PMCID: PMC10616123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, causes short-term memory and cognition declines. It is estimated that one in three elderly people die from AD or other dementias. Chinese herbal medicine as a potential drug for treating AD has gained growing interest from many researchers. Moschus, a rare and valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine, was originally documented in Shennong Ben Cao Jing and recognized for its properties of reviving consciousness/resuscitation. Additionally, Moschus has the efficacy of "regulation of menstruation with blood activation, relief of swelling and pain" and is used for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is uncertain whether Moschus has any protective effect on AD patients. We explored whether Moschus could protect glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cells from cellular injury and preliminarily explored their related action mechanisms. The chemical compounds of Moschus were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. The Glu-induced differentiated PC12 cell model was thought to be the common AD cellular model. The study aims to preliminarily investigate the intervention effect of Moschus on Glu-induced PC12 cell damage as well as their related action mechanisms. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes or autophagosomes, proteins related to apoptosis, and the proteins related to autophagy were examined and analyzed. Seventeen active compounds of the Moschus sample were identified based on GC-MS analysis. In comparison to the control group, Glu stimulation increased cell viability loss, LDH release, mitochondrial damage, loss of MMP, apoptosis rate, and the number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles, and autolysosomes or autophagosomes, while these results were decreased after the pretreatment with Moschus and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, Glu stimulation significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3II protein expression, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2/BAX ratio and p62 protein expression, but these results were reversed after pretreatment of Moschus and 3-MA. Moschus has protective activity in Glu-induced PC12 cell injury, and the potential mechanism might involve the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Our study may promote research on Moschus in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, and Moschus may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Caiyou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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4
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Furukawa Y. A pathological link between dysregulated copper binding in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:73-77. [PMID: 36213785 PMCID: PMC9519421 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are linked to a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and its pathological hallmark includes abnormal accumulation of mutant SOD1 proteins in spinal motorneurons. Mutant SOD1 proteins are considered to be susceptible to misfolding, resulting in the accumulation as oligomers/aggregates. While it remains obscure how and why SOD1 becomes misfolded under pathological conditions in vivo, the failure to bind a copper and zinc ion in SOD1 in vitro leads to the significant destabilization of its natively folded structure. Therefore, genetic and pharmacological attempts to promote the metal binding in mutant SOD1 could serve as an effective treatment of ALS. Here, I briefly review the copper and zinc binding process of SOD1 in vivo and discuss a copper chaperone for SOD1 as a potential target for developing ALS therapeutics.
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5
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Maung MT, Carlson A, Olea-Flores M, Elkhadragy L, Schachtschneider KM, Navarro-Tito N, Padilla-Benavides T. The molecular and cellular basis of copper dysregulation and its relationship with human pathologies. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21810. [PMID: 34390520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of redox-active enzymes involved in critical metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and biological functions. Transporters and chaperones control Cu ion levels and bioavailability to ensure proper subcellular and systemic Cu distribution. Intensive research has focused on understanding how mammalian cells maintain Cu homeostasis, and how molecular signals coordinate Cu acquisition and storage within organs. In humans, mutations of genes that regulate Cu homeostasis or facilitate interactions with Cu ions lead to numerous pathologic conditions. Malfunctions of the Cu+ -transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B cause Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. Additionally, defects in the mitochondrial and cellular distributions and homeostasis of Cu lead to severe neurodegenerative conditions, mitochondrial myopathies, and metabolic diseases. Cu has a dual nature in carcinogenesis as a promotor of tumor growth and an inducer of redox stress in cancer cells. Cu also plays role in cancer treatment as a component of drugs and a regulator of drug sensitivity and uptake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of Cu metabolism and transport and its relation to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T Maung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Napoleon Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
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Filippov MA, Tatarnikova OG, Pozdnyakova NV, Vorobyov VV. Inflammation/bioenergetics-associated neurodegenerative pathologies and concomitant diseases: a role of mitochondria targeted catalase and xanthophylls. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:223-233. [PMID: 32859768 PMCID: PMC7896239 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various inflammatory stimuli are able to modify or even "re-program" the mitochondrial metabolism that results in generation of reactive oxygen species. In noncommunicable chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, these modifications become systemic and are characterized by chronic inflammation and, in particular, "neuroinflammation" in the central nervous system. The processes associated with chronic inflammation are frequently grouped into "vicious circles" which are able to stimulate each other constantly amplifying the pathological events. These circles are evidently observed in Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and, possibly, other associated pathologies. Furthermore, chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues is frequently concomitant to Alzheimer's disease. This is supposedly associated with some common genetic polymorphisms, for example, Apolipoprotein-E ε4 allele carriers with Alzheimer's disease can also develop atherosclerosis. Notably, in the transgenic mice expressing the recombinant mitochondria targeted catalase, that removes hydrogen peroxide from mitochondria, demonstrates the significant pathology amelioration and health improvements. In addition, the beneficial effects of some natural products from the xanthophyll family, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, which are able to target the reactive oxygen species at cellular or mitochondrial membranes, have been demonstrated in both animal and human studies. We propose that the normalization of mitochondrial functions could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and other noncommunicable diseases associated with chronic inflammation in ageing. Furthermore, some prospective drugs based on mitochondria targeted catalase or xanthophylls could be used as an effective treatment of these pathologies, especially at early stages of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasily V. Vorobyov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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7
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Zhang YM, Zhang ZY, Wang RX. Protective Mechanisms of Quercetin Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32848878 PMCID: PMC7412593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has attracted more attention in recent years due to its protective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Quercetin can alleviate oxidative stress injury through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, blockage of the Fenton reaction, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Quercetin can also exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by reducing the response to inflammatory factors and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Moreover, it can induce vasodilation effects through the inhibition of endothelin-1 receptors, the enhancement of NO stimulation and the activation of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Finally, Quercetin can also antagonize the calcium overload. These multifaceted activities of Quercetin make it a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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8
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Ge Y, Wang L, Li D, Zhao C, Li J, Liu T. Exploring the Extended Biological Functions of the Human Copper Chaperone of Superoxide Dismutase 1. Protein J 2020; 38:463-471. [PMID: 31140034 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human copper chaperone of SOD1 (designated as CCS) was discovered more than two decades ago. It is an important copper binding protein and a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS7. To date, no studies have systematically or specifically elaborated on the functional development of CCS. This review summarizes the essential information about CCS, such as its localization, 3D structure, and copper binding ability. An emphasis is placed on its interacting protein partners and its biological functions in vivo and in vitro. Three-dimensional structural analysis revealed that CCS is composed of three domains. Its primary molecular function is the delivery of copper to SOD1 and activation of SOD1. It has also been reported to bind to XIAP, Mia40, and X11α, and other proteins. Through these protein partners, CCS is implicated in several vital biological processes in vivo, such as copper homeostasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oxidative stress. This review is anticipated to assist scientists in systematically understanding the latest research developments of CCS for facilitating the development of new therapeutics targeting CCS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China. .,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Duanhua Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Redox active metals in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1141-1157. [PMID: 31650248 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are redox active metals essential for the regulation of cellular pathways that are fundamental for brain function, including neurotransmitter synthesis and release, neurotransmission, and protein turnover. Cu and Fe are tightly regulated by sophisticated homeostatic systems that tune the levels and localization of these redox active metals. The regulation of Cu and Fe necessitates their coordination to small organic molecules and metal chaperone proteins that restrict their reactions to specific protein centres, where Cu and Fe cycle between reduced (Fe2+, Cu+) and oxidised states (Fe3+, Cu2+). Perturbation of this regulation is evident in the brain affected by neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence that links Cu and Fe dyshomeostasis to neurodegeneration as well as the promising preclinical and clinical studies reporting pharmacological intervention to remedy Cu and Fe abnormalities in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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10
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Kuo MTH, Beckman JS, Shaw CA. Neuroprotective effect of CuATSM on neurotoxin-induced motor neuron loss in an ALS mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104495. [PMID: 31181282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CuATSM is a PET-imaging agent that has recently received attention for its success in extending the lifespan in animals in several neurodegenerative disease models. In the SOD1G93A model of ALS, CuATSM prolonged mouse longevity far longer than any previously tested therapeutic agents. The mechanism underlying this outcome has not been fully understood, but studies suggest that this copper complex contributes to maintaining copper homeostasis in mitochondria. More specifically for the SOD1 model, the molecule supplies copper back to the SOD1 protein. Additionally, CuATSM demonstrated similar protective effects in various in vivo Parkinson's disease mouse models. In the current pilot study, we utilized a neurodegenerative mouse model of motor neuron degeneration induced by the neurotoxin β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside. In this model, slow but distinct and progressive features of sporadic ALS occur. Treatment with CuATSM kept animal behavioural performance on par with the controls and prevented the extensive motor neuron degeneration and microglia activation seen in the untreated animals. These outcomes support a broader neuroprotective role for CuATSM beyond mutant SOD models of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T H Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christopher A Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Program in Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Chen K, Lv J, Wang G, Yu X, Xu X, Zhu G, Shao Z, Wang D, Tang C, Cai S. Changes of serum trace elements in early stage trauma and its correlation with injury severity score. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10077. [PMID: 29879011 PMCID: PMC5999505 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe trauma can cause secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. The absolute and relative concentrations of trace elements in both critical care and conventional treatment, which can lead to acute trace element deficiency, constitute an important mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)/multiple organ failure (MOF). METHODS We investigated the changes in serum Cu, Zn, and Fe in early stage trauma of patients with the high injury severity score (ISS) and correlated the change in trace elements with ISS. Blood samples were collected within an hour of admittance and the patients were scored according to ISS. We collected clinical data records and ISS score values, and determined serum Fe, Zn, and Cu by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the serum Zn and Fe values of trauma patients were decreased. There was no significant difference in serum Cu between the patients and the control group. In the trauma group, the serum Zn and Fe were lower than that of the minor injury group, and the difference of Cu concentration was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Serum Zn and Fe levels in patients with multiple trauma fractures were significantly different than those in the normal group, suggesting that Zn and Fe need to be monitored in the early stage of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Junyao Lv
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghuan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuying Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanqing Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Matsuda S, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Murai T. Implications of PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling on Superoxide Dismutases Expression and in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Diseases 2018; 6:E28. [PMID: 29677102 PMCID: PMC6023281 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative sickness, where the speed of personal disease progression differs prominently due to genetic and environmental factors such as life style. Alzheimer’s disease is described by the construction of neuronal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a noticeable feature of Alzheimer’s disease and increased production of reactive oxygen species has long been described. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) protect from excess reactive oxygen species to form less reactive hydrogen peroxide. It is suggested that SODs can play a protective role in neurodegeneration. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to play a critical role on the neuroprotection and inhibiting apoptosis via the enhancing expression of the SODs. This pathway appears to be crucial in Alzheimer’s disease because it is related to the tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. Dietary supplementation of several ordinary compounds may provide a novel therapeutic approach to brain disorders by modulating the function of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Understanding these systems may offer a better efficacy of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the involvement of the SODs and PI3K/AKT pathway in neuroprotective signaling against Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Murai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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13
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Insights into the mechanisms of copper dyshomeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2017; 19:e7. [PMID: 28597807 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neuromuscular disease characterised by a progressive loss of motor neurons that usually results in paralysis and death within 2 to 5 years after disease onset. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ALS remain largely unknown and to date there is no effective treatment for this disease. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that dysregulation of copper homeostasis in the central nervous system is a crucial underlying event in motor neuron degeneration and ALS pathophysiology. We also review and discuss novel approaches seeking to target copper delivery to treat ALS. These novel approaches may be clinically relevant not only for ALS but also for other neurological disorders with abnormal copper homeostasis, such as Parkinson's, Huntington's and Prion diseases.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with nitric oxide pathways in glutamate neurotoxicity. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Copper delivery to the CNS by CuATSM effectively treats motor neuron disease in SOD(G93A) mice co-expressing the Copper-Chaperone-for-SOD. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:1-9. [PMID: 26826269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of mutant copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice induces ALS and has become the most widely used model of neurodegeneration. However, no pharmaceutical agent in 20 years has extended lifespan by more than a few weeks. The Copper-Chaperone-for-SOD (CCS) protein completes the maturation of SOD by inserting copper, but paradoxically human CCS causes mice co-expressing mutant SOD to die within two weeks of birth. Hypothesizing that co-expression of CCS created copper deficiency in spinal cord, we treated these pups with the PET-imaging agent CuATSM, which is known to deliver copper into the CNS within minutes. CuATSM prevented the early mortality of CCSxSOD mice, while markedly increasing Cu, Zn SOD protein in their ventral spinal cord. Remarkably, continued treatment with CuATSM extended the survival of these mice by an average of 18 months. When CuATSM treatment was stopped, these mice developed ALS-related symptoms and died within 3 months. Restoring CuATSM treatment could rescue these mice after they became symptomatic, providing a means to start and stop disease progression. All ALS patients also express human CCS, raising the hope that familial SOD ALS patients could respond to CuATSM treatment similarly to the CCSxSOD mice.
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