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Cao Y, Jin Z, Xi Y, Cheng J, Fang Z, Zhao Q, Weng J, Zhu J, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Roles of ferroptosis in type 1 diabetes induced spermatogenic dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:193-205. [PMID: 38369075 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disease presenting with various complications, including spermatogenic dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Ferroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, is associated with much metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in spermatogenic dysfunction of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice (diabetic mice), high glucose (HG)-treated GC-2 cells (HG cells) as well as testicular tissues of diabetic patients. We found an accumulation of iron, elevated malondialdehyde level and reduced glutathione level in the testis tissues of diabetic mice and HG cells. Histological examination showed a decrease in spermatogenic cells and spermatids within the seminiferous tubules as well as mitochondrial shrinkage in the testis tissues of diabetic mice. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, mitigated ferroptosis-associated iron overload, lipid peroxidation accumulation and spermatogenic dysfunction of diabetic mice. Furthermore, we observed a downregulation of GPX4, FTL and SLC7A11 in diabetic mice and HG cells. Fer-1 treatment and GPX4 overexpression counteracted the effects of HG on cell viability, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and glutathione via inhibition of ferroptosis. Moreover, we found an elevation of ferroptosis in testicular tissues of diabetic patients. Taken together, our results identify the crucial role of ferroptosis in diabetic spermatogenic dysfunction and ferroptosis may be a promising therapeutic target to improve spermatogenesis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Cao
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zirun Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Cheng
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zishui Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Weng
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Tang
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Ferritin light chain deficiency-induced ferroptosis is involved in preeclampsia pathophysiology by disturbing uterine spiral artery remodelling. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102555. [PMID: 36446230 PMCID: PMC9706170 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteomic analysis from samples of patients with preeclampsia (PE) displayed a low level of ferritin light chains (FTL), but we do not know what the significance of reduced FTL in PE pathophysiology is. To address this question, we first demonstrated that FTL was expressed in first- and third-trimester cytotrophoblasts, including extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), of the human placenta. Furthermore, a pregnant rat model of FTL knockdown was successfully established by intravenously injecting adenoviruses expressing shRNA targeting FTL. In pregnant rats with downregulated FTL, we observed PE-like phenotypes and impaired spiral arterial remodelling, implying a causal relationship between FTL downregulation and PE. Blocking ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly rescued the above PE-like phenotypes in pregnant rats with FTL knockdown. Furthermore, using trophoblast cell line and chorionic villous explant culture assays, we showed that FTL downregulation induced cell death, especially ferroptosis, resulting in defective uterine spiral artery remodelling. Eventually, this conclusion from the animal model was verified in PE patients' placental tissues. Taken together, this study revealed for the first time that FTL reduction during pregnancy triggered ferroptosis and then caused defective uterine spiral artery remodelling, thereby leading to PE.
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Kaur J, Parveen S, Shamim U, Sharma P, Suroliya V, Sonkar AK, Ahmad I, Garg J, Anand KS, Laskar S, Chowdhury D, Kushwaha S, Goyal V, Srivastava AK, Singh G, Faruq M. Investigations of Huntington's Disease and Huntington's Disease-Like Syndromes in Indian Choreatic Patients. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 9:283-289. [PMID: 32675418 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic workup for choreiform movement disorders including Huntington's disease (HD) and those mimicking HD like phenotype is complex. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to genetically define HD and HD-like presentations in an Indian cohort. We also describe HTT-CAG expansion manifesting as neuroferritinopathy-like disorder in four families from Punjab in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS 159 patients clinically diagnosed as HD and HD-like presentations from various tertiary neurology clinics were referred to our centre (CSIR-IGIB) for genetic investigations. As a first tier test, CAG-TNR for HTT was performed and subsequently HD-negative samples were screened for JPH3 (HDL2), TBP (SCA17), ATN1 (DRPLA), PPP2R2B (SCA12) and GGGGCC expansion in C9orf72 gene. Four families presenting as neuroferritinopathy-like disorder were also investigated for HTT-CAG expansion. RESULTS 94 of 159 (59%) patients were found to have expanded HTT-CAG repeats. Pathogenic repeat expansion in JPH3, TBP, ATN1 and C9orf72 were not found in HD negative cases. Two patients were positive for SCA12-CAG expansion in pathogenic length, whereas 5 cases harboured TBP-CAG repeats falling in reduced penetrance range of 41- 48 repeats for SCA17. Four unrelated families, presented with atypical chorea and brain MRI findings suggestive of basal ganglia abnormalities mimicking neuroferritinopathy were found to harbour HTT-CAG expansion. CONCLUSION We present SCA12 as a new reported phenocopy of HD which should be considered for diagnostic workout along with SCA17 for HD-like syndromes. This study also illustrates the necessity, to consider evolving HD like phenotype, as a clinical diagnosis for cases with initial manifestations depicting neuroferritinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaslovleen Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Civil Lines, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Varun Suroliya
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Istaq Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Garg
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuljeet Singh Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal K Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Civil Lines, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohd Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The diagnosis of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) typically associates various extrapyramidal and pyramidal features, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms with bilateral hypointensities in the globus pallidus on iron-sensitive magnetic resonance images, reflecting the alteration of iron homeostasis in this area. This article details the contribution of MRI in the diagnosis by summarizing and comparing MRI patterns of the various NBIA subtypes. RECENT FINDINGS MRI almost always shows characteristic changes combining iron accumulation and additional neuroimaging abnormalities. Iron-sensitive MRI shows iron deposition in the basal ganglia, particularly in bilateral globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Other regions may be affected depending on the NBIA subtypes including the cerebellum and dentate nucleus, the midbrain, the striatum, the thalamus, and the cortex. Atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, corpus callosum and cortex, and white matter changes may be associated and worsen with disease duration. Iron deposition can be quantified using R2 or quantitative susceptibility mapping. SUMMARY Recent MRI advances allow depicting differences between the various subtypes of NBIA, providing a useful analytical framework for clinicians. Standardization of protocols for image acquisition and analysis may help improving the detection of imaging changes associated with NBIA and the quantification of iron deposition.
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Cozzi A, Santambrogio P, Ripamonti M, Rovida E, Levi S. Pathogenic mechanism and modeling of neuroferritinopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3355-3367. [PMID: 33439270 PMCID: PMC11072144 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroferritinopathy is a rare autosomal dominant inherited movement disorder caused by alteration of the L-ferritin gene that results in the production of a ferritin molecule that is unable to properly manage iron, leading to the presence of free redox-active iron in the cytosol. This form of iron has detrimental effects on cells, particularly severe for neuronal cells, which are highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Although very rare, the disorder is notable for two reasons. First, neuroferritinopathy displays features also found in a larger group of disorders named Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), such as iron deposition in the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal symptoms; thus, the elucidation of its pathogenic mechanism may contribute to clarifying the incompletely understood aspects of NBIA. Second, neuroferritinopathy shows the characteristic signs of an accelerated process of aging; thus, it can be considered an interesting model to study the progress of aging. Here, we will review the clinical and neurological features of neuroferritinopathy and summarize biochemical studies and data from cellular and animal models to propose a pathogenic mechanism of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cozzi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ripamonti
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanna Rovida
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Keogh M, Tsefou E, Ramsay L, Johnson M, Keers S, Wsa Ochieng L, McNair A, Singh P, Khan A, Pyle A, Hudson G, Ince PG, Attems J, Burn J, Chinnery PF, Morris CM. Neuropathological and biochemical investigation of Hereditary Ferritinopathy cases with ferritin light chain mutation: Prominent protein aggregation in the absence of major mitochondrial or oxidative stress. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:26-42. [PMID: 32464705 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroferritinopathy (NF) or hereditary ferritinopathy (HF) is an autosomal dominant movement disorder due to mutation in the light chain of the iron storage protein ferritin (FTL). HF is the only late-onset neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorder and study of HF offers a unique opportunity to understand the role of iron in more common neurodegenerative syndromes. METHODS We carried out pathological and biochemical studies of six individuals with the same pathogenic FTL mutation. RESULTS CNS pathological changes were most prominent in the basal ganglia and cerebellar dentate, echoing the normal pattern of brain iron accumulation. Accumulation of ferritin and iron was conspicuous in cells with a phenotype suggesting oligodendrocytes, with accompanying neuronal pathology and neuronal loss. Neurons still survived, however, despite extensive adjacent glial iron deposition, suggesting neuronal loss is a downstream event. Typical age-related neurodegenerative pathology was not normally present. Uniquely, the extensive aggregates of ubiquitinated ferritin identified indicate that abnormal FTL can aggregate, reflecting the intrinsic ability of FTL to self-assemble. Ferritin aggregates were seen in neuronal and glial nuclei showing parallels with Huntington's disease. There was neither evidence of oxidative stress activation nor any significant mitochondrial pathology in the affected basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS HF shows hallmarks of a protein aggregation disorder, in addition to iron accumulation. Degeneration in HF is not accompanied by age-related neurodegenerative pathology and the lack of evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage suggests that these are not key mediators of neurodegeneration in HF, casting light on other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurzawa-Akanbi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Keogh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Tsefou
- Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Ramsay
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Academic Unit of Pathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Johnson
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Keers
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Wsa Ochieng
- Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A McNair
- Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Singh
- Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Khan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Pyle
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Hudson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P G Ince
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Attems
- Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Burn
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P F Chinnery
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Morris
- Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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McNally JR, Mehlenbacher MR, Luscieti S, Smith GL, Reutovich AA, Maura P, Arosio P, Bou-Abdallah F. Mutant L-chain ferritins that cause neuroferritinopathy alter ferritin functionality and iron permeability. Metallomics 2020; 11:1635-1647. [PMID: 31513212 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the iron storage and detoxification protein ferritin is composed of two functionally and genetically distinct subunit types, H (heavy) and L (light). The two subunits co-assemble in various ratios, with a tissue specific distribution, to form shell-like protein structures of 24 subunits within which a mineralized iron core is stored. The H-subunits possess ferroxidase centers that catalyze the rapid oxidation of ferrous ions, whereas the L-subunit does not have such centers and is believed to play an important role in electron transfer reactions that occur during the uptake and release of iron. Pathogenic mutations on the L-chain lead to neuroferritinopathy, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of ferritin inclusion bodies and iron in the central nervous system. Here, we have characterized the thermal stability, iron loading capacity, iron uptake, and iron release properties of ferritin heteropolymers carrying the three pathogenic L-ferritin mutants (L154fs, L167fs, and L148fs, which for simplicity we named Ln1, Ln2 and Ln3, respectively), and a non-pathogenic variant (L135P) bearing a single substitution on the 3-fold axes of L-subunits. The UV-Vis data show a similar iron loading capacity (ranging between 1800 to 2400 Fe(iii)/shell) for all ferritin samples examined in this study, with Ln2 holding the least amount of iron (i.e. 1800 Fe(iii)/shell). The three pathogenic L-ferritin mutants revealed higher rates of iron oxidation and iron release, suggesting that a few mutated L-chains on the heteropolymer have a significant effect on iron permeability through the ferritin shell. DSC thermograms showed a strong destabilization effect, the severity of which depends on the location of the frameshift mutations (i.e. wt heteropolymer ferritin ≅ homopolymer H-chain > L135P > Ln2 > Ln1 > Ln3). Variant L135P had only minor effects on the protein functionality and stability, suggesting that local melting of the 3-fold axes in this variant may not be responsible for neuroferritinopathy-like disorders. The data support the hypothesis that hereditary neuroferritinopathies are due to alterations of ferritin functionality and lower physical stability which correlate with the frameshifts introduced at the C-terminal sequence and explain the dominant transmission of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R McNally
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA.
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8
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Muhoberac BB, Vidal R. Iron, Ferritin, Hereditary Ferritinopathy, and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1195. [PMID: 31920471 PMCID: PMC6917665 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular growth, function, and protection require proper iron management, and ferritin plays a crucial role as the major iron sequestration and storage protein. Ferritin is a 24 subunit spherical shell protein composed of both light (FTL) and heavy chain (FTH1) subunits, possessing complimentary iron-handling functions and forming three-fold and four-fold pores. Iron uptake through the three-fold pores is well-defined, but the unloading process somewhat less and generally focuses on lysosomal ferritin degradation although it may have an additional, energetically efficient pore mechanism. Hereditary Ferritinopathy (HF) or neuroferritinopathy is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the FTL C-terminal sequence, which in turn cause disorder and unraveling at the four-fold pores allowing iron leakage and enhanced formation of toxic, improperly coordinated iron (ICI). Histopathologically, HF is characterized by iron deposition and formation of ferritin inclusion bodies (IBs) as the cells overexpress ferritin in an attempt to address iron accumulation while lacking the ability to clear ferritin and its aggregates. Overexpression and IB formation tax cells materially and energetically, i.e., their synthesis and disposal systems, and may hinder cellular transport and other spatially dependent functions. ICI causes cellular damage to proteins and lipids through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation because of high levels of brain oxygen, reductants and metabolism, taxing cellular repair. Iron can cause protein aggregation both indirectly by ROS-induced protein modification and destabilization, and directly as with mutant ferritin through C-terminal bridging. Iron release and ferritin degradation are also linked to cellular misfunction through ferritinophagy, which can release sufficient iron to initiate the unique programmed cell death process ferroptosis causing ROS formation and lipid peroxidation. But IB buildup suggests suppressed ferritinophagy, with elevated iron from four-fold pore leakage together with ROS damage and stress leading to a long-term ferroptotic-like state in HF. Several of these processes have parallels in cell line and mouse models. This review addresses the roles of ferritin structure and function within the above-mentioned framework, as they relate to HF and associated disorders characterized by abnormal iron accumulation, protein aggregation, oxidative damage, and the resulting contributions to cumulative cellular stress and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry B. Muhoberac
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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9
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Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update. II. Hyperkinetic disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:997-1027. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Yoon SH, Kim NY, Kim YJ, Lyoo CH. Novel Ferritin Light Chain Gene Mutation in a Korean Patient with Neuroferritinopathy. J Mov Disord 2019; 12:63-65. [PMID: 30732435 PMCID: PMC6369382 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- So Hoon Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea,Ilsong Institute of Life Science and Department of Neurology, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea,Ilsong Institute of Life Science and Department of Neurology, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Iron Pathophysiology in Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1173:153-177. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9589-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Marras C, Lang A, van de Warrenburg BP, Sue CM, Tabrizi SJ, Bertram L, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Warner TT, Durr A, Assmann B, Lohmann K, Kostic V, Klein C. Nomenclature of genetic movement disorders: Recommendations of the international Parkinson and movement disorder society task force. Mov Disord 2016; 31:436-57. [PMID: 27079681 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The system of assigning locus symbols to specify chromosomal regions that are associated with a familial disorder has a number of problems when used as a reference list of genetically determined disorders,including (I) erroneously assigned loci, (II) duplicated loci, (III) missing symbols or loci, (IV) unconfirmed loci and genes, (V) a combination of causative genes and risk factor genes in the same list, and (VI) discordance between phenotype and list assignment. In this article, we report on the recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force for Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders and present a system for naming genetically determined movement disorders that addresses these problems. We demonstrate how the system would be applied to currently known genetically determined parkinsonism, dystonia, dominantly inherited ataxia, spastic paraparesis, chorea, paroxysmal movement disorders, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and primary familial brain calcifications. This system provides a resource for clinicians and researchers that, unlike the previous system, can be considered an accurate and criterion-based list of confirmed genetically determined movement disorders at the time it was last updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton, Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Lang
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton, Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Mahmutoglu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology & F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm and Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Assmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kostic
- Institute of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Kumar N, Rizek P, Jog M. Neuroferritinopathy: Pathophysiology, Presentation, Differential Diagnoses and Management. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 6:355. [PMID: 27022507 PMCID: PMC4795517 DOI: 10.7916/d8kk9bhf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroferritinopathy (NF) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by
mutations in the ferritin light chain 1 (FTL1) gene
leading to abnormal excessive iron accumulation in the brain, predominantly in the
basal ganglia. Methods A literature search was performed on Pubmed, for English-language articles,
utilizing the terms iron metabolism, neurodegeneration with brain iron
accumulation, and NF. The relevant articles were reviewed with a focus on the
pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnoses, and management of
NF. Results There have been nine reported mutations worldwide in the FTL1
gene in 90 patients, the most common mutation being 460InsA. Chorea and dystonia
are the most common presenting symptoms in NF. There are specific features, which
appear to depend upon the genetic mutation. We discuss the occurrence of specific
mutations in various regions along with their associated presenting phenomenology.
We have compared and contrasted the commonly occurring syndromes in the
differential diagnosis of NF to guide the clinician. Discussion NF must be considered in patients presenting clinically as a progressive movement
disorder with variable phenotype and imaging evidence of iron deposition within
the brain, decreased serum ferritin, and negative genetic testing for other more
common movement disorders such as Huntington’s disease. In the absence of a
disease-specific treatment, symptomatic drug therapy for specific movement
disorders may be used, although with variable success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Rizek
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Purpose of review Chorea can be due to a wide variety of causes. In this review, I provide updates on several recently identified genetic and autoimmune causes of chorea, and review evidence supporting the use of deep brain stimulation in chorea. Recent findings New genes that may cause chorea include ADCY5 (encoding for adenylate cyclase 5) C9ORF72 (in addition to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia), and those responsible for the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. Novel autoantibodies are increasingly being identified as associated with a variety of neurologic syndromes, including chorea, in both paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic settings. Deep brain stimulation can be a useful intervention in patients with chorea who do not respond to oral medications, whether due to neurodegenerative or nondegenerative causes. Summary New causes of chorea continue to be identified. Correct diagnosis is essential for prognostication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx; and Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Neuroferritinopathy: From ferritin structure modification to pathogenetic mechanism. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:134-43. [PMID: 25772441 PMCID: PMC4642653 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroferritinopathy is a rare, late-onset, dominantly inherited movement disorder caused by mutations in L-ferritin gene. It is characterized by iron and ferritin aggregate accumulation in brain, normal or low serum ferritin levels and high variable clinical feature. To date, nine causative mutations have been identified and eight of them are frameshift mutations determined by nucleotide(s) insertion in the exon 4 of L-ferritin gene altering the structural conformation of the C-terminus of the L-ferritin subunit. Acting in a dominant negative manner, mutations are responsible for an impairment of the iron storage efficiency of ferritin molecule. Here, we review the main characteristics of neuroferritinopathy and present a computational analysis of some representative recently defined mutations with the purpose to gain new information about the pathogenetic mechanism of the disorder. This is particularly important as neuroferritinopathy can be considered an interesting model to study the relationship between iron, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Behavioral characterization of mouse models of neuroferritinopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118990. [PMID: 25689865 PMCID: PMC4331086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is the main intracellular protein of iron storage with a central role in the regulation of iron metabolism and detoxification. Nucleotide insertions in the last exon of the ferritin light chain cause a neurodegenerative disease known as Neuroferritinopathy, characterized by iron deposition in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum, basal ganglia and motor cortex. The disease progresses relentlessly, leading to dystonia, chorea, motor disability and neuropsychiatry features. The characterization of a good animal model is required to compare and contrast specific features with the human disease, in order to gain new insights on the consequences of chronic iron overload on brain function and behavior. To this aim we studied an animal model expressing the pathogenic human FTL mutant 498InsTC under the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter. Transgenic (Tg) mice showed strong accumulation of the mutated protein in the brain, which increased with age, and this was accompanied by brain accumulation of ferritin/iron bodies, the main pathologic hallmark of human neuroferritinopathy. Tg-mice were tested throughout development and aging at 2-, 8- and 18-months for motor coordination and balance (Beam Walking and Footprint tests). The Tg-mice showed a significant decrease in motor coordination at 8 and 18 months of age, with a shorter latency to fall and abnormal gait. Furthermore, one group of aged naïve subjects was challenged with two herbicides (Paraquat and Maneb) known to cause oxidative damage. The treatment led to a paradoxical increase in behavioral activation in the transgenic mice, suggestive of altered functioning of the dopaminergic system. Overall, data indicate that mice carrying the pathogenic FTL498InsTC mutation show motor deficits with a developmental profile suggestive of a progressive pathology, as in the human disease. These mice could be a powerful tool to study the neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to the disease and help developing specific therapeutic targets.
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Maccarinelli F, Pagani A, Cozzi A, Codazzi F, Di Giacomo G, Capoccia S, Rapino S, Finazzi D, Politi LS, Cirulli F, Giorgio M, Cremona O, Grohovaz F, Levi S. A novel neuroferritinopathy mouse model (FTL 498InsTC) shows progressive brain iron dysregulation, morphological signs of early neurodegeneration and motor coordination deficits. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 81:119-33. [PMID: 25447222 PMCID: PMC4642750 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroferritinopathy is a rare genetic disease with a dominant autosomal transmission caused by mutations of the ferritin light chain gene (FTL). It belongs to Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, a group of disorders where iron dysregulation is tightly associated with neurodegeneration. We studied the 498–499InsTC mutation which causes the substitution of the last 9 amino acids and an elongation of extra 16 amino acids at the C-terminus of L-ferritin peptide. An analysis with cyclic voltammetry on the purified protein showed that this structural modification severely reduces the ability of the protein to store iron. In order to analyze the impact of the mutation in vivo, we generated mouse models for the some pathogenic human FTL gene in FVB and C57BL/6J strains. Transgenic mice in the FVB background showed high accumulation of the mutated ferritin in brain where it correlated with increased iron deposition with age, as scored by magnetic resonance imaging. Notably, the accumulation of iron–ferritin bodies was accompanied by signs of oxidative damage. In the C57BL/6 background, both the expression of the mutant ferritin and the iron levels were lower than in the FVB strain. Nevertheless, also these mice showed oxidative alterations in the brain. Furthermore, post-natal hippocampal neurons obtained from these mice experienced a marked increased cell death in response to chronic iron overload and/or acute oxidative stress, in comparison to wild-type neurons. Ultrastructural analyses revealed an accumulation of lipofuscin granules associated with iron deposits, particularly enriched in the cerebellum and striatum of our transgenic mice. Finally, experimental subjects were tested throughout development and aging at 2-, 8- and 18-months for behavioral phenotype. Rotarod test revealed a progressive impaired motor coordination building up with age, FTL mutant old mice showing a shorter latency to fall from the apparatus, according to higher accumulation of iron aggregates in the striatum. Our data show that our 498–499InsTC mouse models recapitulate early pathological and clinical traits of the human neuroferritinopathy, thus providing a valuable model for the study of the disease. Finally, we propose a mechanistic model of lipofuscine formation that can account for the etiopathogenesis of human neuroferritinopathy. We developed two new neuroferritinopathy mice models (NF). NF brains are characterized by iron/ferritin accumulation and oxidative damage. NF brains show granules of lipofuscine associated with iron. A mechanism of lipofuscine formation is proposed. NF mice show impaired motor coordination increasing with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Pagani
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cozzi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Franca Codazzi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Sara Capoccia
- Section of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Finazzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cirulli
- Section of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Grohovaz
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sonia Levi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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