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Pan X, Pei Y, Zhang M, Zhong W, Hu J, Wang Z, Xu D, Lou M, Chen H, Chen Z. Association of Atrial Fibrillation with Remote Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis: Results from a Multicenter Study in China. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:127-139. [PMID: 38032536 PMCID: PMC10787712 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the association between atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly newly diagnosed AF, and remote intracerebral hemorrhage (rICH) in patients with ischemic stroke who were treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS This observational study was conducted on patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. The data were taken from a multicenter prospective registry of a Chinese population. rICH was defined as any extraischemic hemorrhage detected on computerized tomography (CT) 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis. We collected and compared the demographic data and clinical characteristics of all the patients with rICH to those of patients without any type of hemorrhagic transformation. The association between AF and rICH was analyzed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 20,697 patients were included in the study, with 1566 (7.6%) experiencing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 586 (2.8%) experiencing rICH, and 19,131 (92.4%) not experiencing any form of hemorrhagic transformation. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in age, pre-thrombolysis systolic blood pressure, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score, previously known AF, newly diagnosed AF, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hyperhomocysteinemia, and history of thrombolysis between the rICH and control groups (P < 0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that total AF (OR 1.821, 95% CI 1.082-3.065, P < 0.05), previously known AF (OR 1.470, 95% CI 1.170-1.847), and newly diagnosed AF (OR 1.920, 95% CI 1.304-2.825) were independently associated with rICH. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that AF, regardless of whether it is newly diagnosed or previously known, may be associated with the occurrence of rICH following intravenous thrombolysis. Interestingly, our findings suggest that newly diagnosed AF may have a stronger impact on rICH than previously known AF, although confirmation from more studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Pan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No. 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingjian Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No. 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wansi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongjuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No. 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Etgen T, Cappellari M, Černík D, Topakian R, Sposato LA, Sardag P, Wiestler H. Ultraearly repeated systemic thrombolysis in recurrent ischemic stroke - A multicentre case study. J Neurol Sci 2023; 451:120714. [PMID: 37385029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analysed outcomes of patients who received off-label repeated thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke recurrence within 10 days (ultraearly repeated thrombolysis, UERT). METHOD We identified patients receiving UERT from the prospective telestroke network of South-East Bavaria (TEMPiS) registry and by database search (Pubmed, Google scholar). Corresponding authors were contacted for further details. Baseline demographic data and clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings were analysed in a multicentric case study. RESULTS Sixteen patients receiving UERT were identified. The median time between first and second thrombolysis was 3.5 days. In patients with available data, second thrombolysis achieved an early clinical improvement (NIHSS reduction ≥4 points) in 12 of 14 (85.7%) and a favourable outcome (mRS 0-2 after 3 months) in 11 of 16 (68.8%) patients. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) occurred in 4 patients (25.0%) with one fatal large parenchymatous haemorrhage (6.3%). Neither allergic reactions nor other immunoreactive events were observed. CONCLUSIONS In our analysis UERT led to early clinical improvement and a favourable clinical outcome in a high percentage of patients with ICH rates comparable to prior publications. UERT might be considered in patients with early recurrent stroke under careful risk-benefit assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorleif Etgen
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Traunstein, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität München, Germany.
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy
| | - David Černík
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Masaryk Hospital, Krajská zdravotní a.s., Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Raffi Topakian
- Department of Neurology, Academic Teaching Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Luciano A Sposato
- Departments of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, Heart & Brain Lab, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Sardag
- Helios Klinikum München West, Klinik für Neurologie und Neurogeriatrie, München, Germany
| | - Hanni Wiestler
- TEMPiS - Telemedizinisches Schlaganfallzentrum, Klinik für Neurologie und Neurologische Intensivmedizin, München Klinik Harlaching, München, Germany
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Repeat intravenous r-tPA administration four days after initial thrombolytic therapy for recurrent ischemic stroke: A case report and review of literature. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bouchal S, Lamrani YA, Chtaou N, Maaroufi M, Belahsen F. Repeated intravenous thrombolysis in early recurrent stroke secondary to carotid web: Case report. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:843-846. [PMID: 33552336 PMCID: PMC7847828 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the first effective approved treatment for reducing ischemic stroke disability, and having a stroke within 3 months is usually a contraindication to thrombolysis. In this paper, we describe the case of a 58-year-old patient who received repeated intravenous thrombolysis at 10 days interval for a recurrent ischemic stroke, with dramatic improvement. The carotid diaphragm was behind this recurrent stroke and it was treated by stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Bouchal
- Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Teaching Hospital, Sidi Harazem Road, PO Box 1835, Fez, 30070 Morocco.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Health Community, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Naima Chtaou
- Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Teaching Hospital, Sidi Harazem Road, PO Box 1835, Fez, 30070 Morocco.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Health Community, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mustafa Maaroufi
- Department of Radiology, Hassan II University Teaching Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Belahsen
- Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Teaching Hospital, Sidi Harazem Road, PO Box 1835, Fez, 30070 Morocco.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Health Community, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
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Re-examining the exclusion criterion of early recurrent ischemic stroke in intravenous thrombolysis: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116709. [PMID: 32109692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines preclude the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in patients with early recurrent stroke (prior ischemic stroke within three months). OBJECTIVES This is a meta-analysis that aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with early recurrent stroke. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis between those with early recurrent stroke and those without. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to evaluate the outcomes in terms of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, mortality and good functional outcomes at 3 months (modified Rankin Score ≤ 2). Three retrospective cohort studies with a total of 48,459 thrombolysed patients (824 with early recurrent stroke and 47,635 without early recurrent stroke) were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between thrombolysed patients with early recurrent stroke and those without in terms of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.75-2.58), mortality (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.60-3.09) and good functional outcomes at 3 months (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47-1.16). CONCLUSIONS Patients who received thrombolysis despite early recurrent stroke were not found to be at an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to patients without early recurrent stroke. Our meta-analysis suggests that there is insufficient evidence to substantiate excluding patients with early recurrent stroke from receiving thrombolysis. Further studies to re-examine early recurrent stroke as an exclusion criterion for receiving thrombolysis are warranted.
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Forlivesi S, Cappellari M, Baracchini C, Viaro F, Critelli A, Tamborino C, Tonello S, Guidoni SV, Bruno M, Favaretto S, Burlina A, Turinese E, Ferracci F, Zambito Marsala S, Bazzano S, Orlando F, Turazzini M, Ricci S, Cadaldini M, De Biasia F, Bruno S, Gaudenzi A, Morra M, Danese A, L’Erario R, Russo M, Zanette G, Idone D, Basile AM, Atzori M, Masato M, Menegazzo E, Paladin F, Tonon A, Caneve G, Bozzato G, Campagnaro A, Carella S, Nicolao P, Padoan R, Perini F, De Boni A, Adami A, Bonetti B, Bovi P. Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in the Veneto region: the gap between eligibility and reality. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 47:113-120. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu C, Wu D, Chen J, Li C, Ji X. Why not Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Recurrent Stroke within 3 Months? Aging Dis 2018; 9:309-316. [PMID: 29896419 PMCID: PMC5963351 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke continues to be a very severe disorder that has significant impact on human health. Its treatment options are limited and alteplase remains the only American Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, intravenous thrombolysis remains substantially underutilized, because it has rigorous indications and contraindications. Most patients simply do not meet these criteria and cannot receive thrombolytic treatment. Guidelines in many countries currently include a history of stroke within months as one of the exclusion criteria for intravenous thrombolysis. Although this is based on previous data, it lacks strong evidentiary support. Several recent studies suggested that intravenous thrombolysis may be beneficial for this patient population. We reviewed relevant publications of intravenous thrombolysis or repeated intravenous thrombolysis in patients with a history of stroke in the past 3 months. We found that intravenous thrombolysis in these patients is not as hazardous as previously believed. Among patients with relatively small infarctions and a good prognosis, intravenous thrombolysis may be a good treatment option. We hope that more research will be carried out on this topic to reexamine the criteria for intravenous thrombolysis to allow more patients to benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Wu
- 1Department of neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- 2China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 3Department of neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhui Li
- 3Department of neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 3Department of neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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De Los Rios La Rosa F, Starosciak AK, Wolf B. Thrombolysis of a stroke patient with history of rtPA-associated angioedema. Neurol Clin Pract 2018; 7:541-543. [PMID: 29431157 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa
- Neuroscience Center (FDLRLR, AKS, BW) and Center for Research & Grants (AKS), Baptist Health South Florida, Miami-Dade County
| | - Amy K Starosciak
- Neuroscience Center (FDLRLR, AKS, BW) and Center for Research & Grants (AKS), Baptist Health South Florida, Miami-Dade County
| | - Brian Wolf
- Neuroscience Center (FDLRLR, AKS, BW) and Center for Research & Grants (AKS), Baptist Health South Florida, Miami-Dade County
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Knowledge of Stroke Risk Factors and Warning Signs in Patients with Recurrent Stroke or Recurrent Transient Ischaemic Attack in Thailand. Neurol Res Int 2017; 2017:8215726. [PMID: 29130000 PMCID: PMC5654286 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8215726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a global burden. It is not known whether patients who are most at risk of stroke (recurrent stroke or recurrent transient ischaemic attack) have enough knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in this high-risk population. We performed a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of patients with recurrent stroke or recurrent TIA admitted to Srinagarind Hospital and Khon Kaen Hospital, Thailand. A total of 140 patients were included in the study (age 65.6 ± 11.3 years [mean ± SD], 62 females). Using an open-ended questionnaire, nearly one-third of patients (31.4%) could not name any risk factors for stroke. The most commonly recognized risk factors were hypertension (35%), dyslipidemia (28.6%), and diabetes (22.9%). Regarding stroke warning signs, the most commonly recognized warning signs were sudden unilateral weakness (61.4%), sudden trouble with speaking (25.7%), and sudden trouble with walking, loss of balance, or dizziness (21.4%). Nineteen patients (13.6%) could not identify any warning signs. The results showed that knowledge of stroke obtained from open-ended questionnaires is still unsatisfactory. The healthcare provider should provide structured interventions to increase knowledge and awareness of stroke in these patients.
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Fekete K, Márton S, Csiba L, Fekete I. Outcome of Repeated Thrombolysis in Debrecen Thrombolysis Database. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:132-138. [PMID: 27671096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an efficient therapy of acute ischemic stroke. The risk of a recurrent ischemic stroke is high. This prospective single center study aimed to assess whether or not the repeated rtPA treatment is beneficial for acute stroke patients. METHODS All thrombolysed patients' data at the Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen have been recorded in the Debrecen Thrombolysis Database (DTD) since 2004. We identified 21 patients with repeated thrombolysis. Stroke severity by the NIH stroke scale score (NIHSSS) and imaging findings by the Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score were evaluated on admission and 1 day later. The modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months and case fatality at 1 year were evaluated. We compared the first and second thrombolyses, and we screened for bleeding and allergic reactions to determine safety. RESULTS Within the 27-month median time, 18 patients were thrombolysed twice, with complete follow-up. In recurrent stroke patients, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and anticoagulation were more common. Admission cholesterol levels were decreased. After the first and second treatments, 24-hour NIHSSS were 3 (1;6) and 7 (1;10), respectively. At 3 months, good outcome was significantly higher after the first treatment than those of DTD, with no differences between the 2 attempts. There was little difference in 3-month and 1-year outcomes, regardless of laterality-ipsilateral or contralateral hemisphere-in recurrent strokes. One patient had nonsymptomatic intracranial bleeding after repeated rtPA treatment. DISCUSSION Recurrent rtPA treatment may be safe and effective in patients who have mild or moderate residual symptoms after the index stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Fekete
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Márton
- Department of Sociology and Social Politics, Institute of Political Sciences and Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Fekete
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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Kahles T, Mono ML, Heldner MR, Baumgartner RW, Sarikaya H, Luft A, Bohlhalter S, Traenka C, Engelter ST, Kurka N, Köhrmann M, Curtze S, Michel P, Tatlisumak T, Nedeltchev K. Repeated Intravenous Thrombolysis for Early Recurrent Stroke: Challenging the Exclusion Criterion. Stroke 2016; 47:2133-5. [PMID: 27364530 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 4.5 hours from symptom onset improves functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Its use in patients with previous stroke within the preceding 3 months is contraindicated because of the assumed higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. In addition, tissue-type plasminogen activator may itself promote neurotoxicity and blood-brain barrier disruption. However, safety and effectiveness of repeated IVT is essentially unknown in patients with early (<3 months) recurrent stroke (ERS), because they were excluded from thrombolysis trials. This article reports the largest case series of repeated IVT in ERS. METHODS We reviewed databases of prospectively collected patient data of 8 European stroke centers for the presence of patients with ERS, who received IVT for both the index stroke and ERS. Demographics, clinical and radiological data, bleeding complications, and functional outcome were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 19 subjects with repeated IVT in ERS. Mean age was 68±12 years, and 37% of them were female. Median interthrombolysis interval was 30 days (interquartile range, 13-50). Functional independence (modified Rankin scale score ≤2) was achieved in 79% of patients after the first and in 47.4% after repeated IV tissue-type plasminogen activator, respectively. There was no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Median final infarct volume after the first IVT was 1.5 cm(3) (interquartile range, 0.5-3.1). CONCLUSIONS Patients with small infarct volumes and robust clinical improvement might be considered for repeated IVT within 3 months. Studies following strict protocols and larger registries incorporating these patients might serve to identify selection criteria for the safe use of repeated IVT in ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kahles
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Marie-Luise Mono
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Mirjam Rachel Heldner
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Ralf Werner Baumgartner
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Hakan Sarikaya
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Andreas Luft
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Stephan Bohlhalter
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Christopher Traenka
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Natalia Kurka
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Sami Curtze
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Krassen Nedeltchev
- From the Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland (T.K., K.N.); Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.-L.M., M.R.H., H.S.); Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.W.B.); University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.B.); University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E.); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (N.K., M.K.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (S.C., T.T.); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.); and University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.).
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12
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Karlinski M, Kobayashi A, Czlonkowska A, Mikulik R, Vaclavik D, Brozman M, Gdovinova Z, Švigelj V, Csiba L, Fekete K, Kõrv J, Demarin V, Bašic-Kes V, Vilionskis A, Jatuzis D, Krespi Y, Shamalov N, Andonova S, Ahmed N, Wahlgren N. Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke Recurring Within 3 Months From the Previous Event. Stroke 2015; 46:3184-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
According to the European license, alteplase can be given no sooner than 3 months after previous stroke. However, it is not known whether past history of stroke influences the effect of treatment. Our aim was to evaluate safety and functional outcome after intravenous thrombolysis administered in everyday practice to patients with previous stroke ≤3 months compared with those with first-ever stroke.
Methods—
We analyzed consecutive cases treated with alteplase between October 2003 and July 2014 contributed to the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis for Stroke–Eastern Europe registry from 12 countries. Odds ratios were calculated using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression.
Results—
Of 13 007 patients, 11 221 (86%) had no history of stroke and 249 (2%) experienced previous stroke ≤3 months before admission. Patients with previous stroke ≤3 months had a higher proportion of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. There were no significant differences in outcome, including symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage according to European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (unadjusted odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.74–2.15), and being alive and independent at 3 months (odds ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–1.09).
Conclusions—
Patients currently treated with alteplase, despite a history of previous stroke ≤3 months, do not seem to achieve worse outcome than those with first-ever stroke. Although careful patient selection was probably of major importance, our findings provide reassurance that this group of patients may safely benefit from thrombolysis and should not be arbitrarily excluded as a whole. Further studies are needed to identify the shortest safe time lapse from the previous event to treatment with alteplase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Karlinski
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Adam Kobayashi
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Robert Mikulik
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Daniel Vaclavik
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Miroslav Brozman
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Zuzana Gdovinova
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Viktor Švigelj
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Laszlo Csiba
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Klara Fekete
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Janika Kõrv
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Vida Demarin
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Vanja Bašic-Kes
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Aleksandras Vilionskis
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Dalius Jatuzis
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Yakup Krespi
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Nikolay Shamalov
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Silva Andonova
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
| | - Nils Wahlgren
- From the 2nd Department of Neurology (M.K., A.K., A.C.), and Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Treatment Centre (A.K.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne’s Hospital in Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (R.M.); Neurology Department, Ostava-Vítkovice Hospital, Research and Training
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