1
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Yan B, Luo P, Qiu H, Wang J, Xiong Q, Hu W, Wang F, Liu G, Zhi Y, Fang Q, Shi C, Li W. PC4 promotes bladder cancer progression and stemness by directly interacting with Sp1 to transcriptionally activate the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155369. [PMID: 38820928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis worldwide. Positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is widely reported to promote malignant phenotypes in various tumors. Nonetheless, the biological function and mechanism of PC4 in bladder cancer remain unclear. Here, for the first time, we report that PC4 is elevated in bladder cancer and is associated with patient survival. Moreover, PC4 deficiency obviously inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by reducing the expression of genes related to cancer stemness (CD44, CD47, KLF4 and c-Myc). Through RNA-seq and experimental verification, we found that activation of the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway is involved in the malignant function of PC4. Mechanistically, PC4 directly interacts with Sp1 to promote Wnt5a transcription. Thus, our study furthers our understanding of the role of PC4 in cancer stemness regulation and provides a promising strategy for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhuang Yan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heping Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhi
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Weibing Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.
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2
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Pan Q, Luo P, Shi C. PC4-mediated Ku complex PARylation facilitates NHEJ-dependent DNA damage repair. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105032. [PMID: 37437887 PMCID: PMC10406618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstay treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial number of patients with HCC develop radioresistance and eventually suffer from tumor progression or relapse, which is a major impediment to the use of radiotherapy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and identifying novel therapeutic targets to improve patient prognosis are important in HCC management. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo models, laser microirradiation and live cell imaging methods, and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we report that a DNA repair enhancer, human positive cofactor 4 (PC4), promotes nonhomologous end joining-based DNA repair and renders HCC cells resistant to radiation. Mechanistically, PC4 interacts with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and directs Ku complex PARylation, resulting in the successful recruitment of the Ku complex to damaged chromatin and increasing the efficiency of nonhomologous end joining repair. Clinically, PC4 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Taken together, our data suggest that PC4 is a DNA repair driver that can be targeted to radiosensitize HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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3
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Ma L, Gong Q, Chen Y, Luo P, Chen J, Shi C. Targeting positive cofactor 4 induces autophagic cell death in MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:42-57.e4. [PMID: 36642374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the refractory lymphomas. Currently, the pathogenesis of MYC-expressing DLBCL is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective therapy. We characterized positive cofactor 4 (PC4) as an upstream regulator of c-Myc, and PC4 is overexpressed in DLBCL and is closely related to clinical staging, prognosis, and c-Myc expression. Furthermore, our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that PC4 knockdown can induce autophagic cell death and enhance the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Inhibition of c-Myc-mediated aerobic glycolysis and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway are responsible for the autophagic cell death induced by PC4 knockdown in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay assays, we also found that PC4 exerts its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters. To sum up, our study provides novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of PC4 in MYC-expressing DLBCL and suggests that PC4 may be a promising therapeutic target for MYC-expressing DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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4
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Rojas DA, Urbina F, Solari A, Maldonado E. The Catalytic Subunit of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CK2 (Cka1) Negatively Regulates RNA Polymerase II Transcription through Phosphorylation of Positive Cofactor 4 (PC4). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169499. [PMID: 36012759 PMCID: PMC9409219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays important roles in transcription and DNA replication. In mammals, PC4 is phosphorylated by CK2, and this event downregulates its RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) coactivator function. This work describes the effect of fission yeast PC4 phosphorylation on RNAPII transcription in a cell extract, which closely resembles the cellular context. We found that fission yeast PC4 is strongly phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of CK2 (Cka1), while the regulatory subunit (Ckb1) downregulates the PC4 phosphorylation. The addition of Cka1 to an in vitro transcription assay can diminish the basal transcription from the Ad-MLP promoter; however, the addition of recombinant fission yeast PC4 or Ckb1 can stimulate the basal transcription in a cell extract. Fission yeast PC4 is phosphorylated in a domain which has consensus phosphorylation sites for CK2, and two serine residues were identified as critical for CK2 phosphorylation. Mutation of one of the serine residues in PC4 does not completely abolish the phosphorylation; however, when the two serine residues are mutated, CK2 is no longer able to phosphorylate PC4. The mutant which is not phosphorylated is able to stimulate transcription even though it is previously phosphorylated by Cka1, while the wild type and the point mutant are inactivated by Cka1 phosphorylation, and they cannot stimulate transcription by RNAPII in cell extracts. Those results demonstrate that CK2 can regulate the coactivator function of fission yeast PC4 and suggests that this event could be important in vivo as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile
- Correspondence: (D.A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabiola Urbina
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Aldo Solari
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Edio Maldonado
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Correspondence: (D.A.R.); (E.M.)
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5
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Ma L, Gong Q, Liu G, Chen J, Wang Y, luo P, Shi C. Positive Cofactor 4 as a Potential Radiation Biodosimeter for Early Assessment. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221081317. [PMID: 35221823 PMCID: PMC8874181 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During a major radiation event, a large number of people need to be rapidly assessed for radiation damage to ensure effective medical treatment and efficient use of medical resources. However, current techniques cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of large quantities of samples in an emergency. It is essential to develop rapid and accurate radiation biodosimeters in peripheral blood. Here, we identified radiation sensitive genes in mice by RNA sequencing and evaluated their utility as radiation biodosimeters in human cell lines. Mice were subjected to gamma-irradiation with different doses (0–8 Gy, .85 Gy/min), and the tail venous blood was analyzed by RNA sequencing. We have identified 5 genes with significantly differential expression after radiation exposure. We found that positive cofactor 4(PC4) had well correlation with radiation dose in human lymphoblastoid cell line after irradiation. The relative expression of PC4 gene showed a good linear correlation with the radiation dose after 1–5 Gy irradiation (.85 Gy/min). PC4 gene can be rapidly recruited to the DNA damage sites faster than γ-H2AX after radiation in immunofluorescence detection. In conclusion, PC4 may be represented as new radiation biological dosimeter for early assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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6
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The Human Positive Cofactor 4 is a Promising Chemotherapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9958483. [PMID: 34899911 PMCID: PMC8664520 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9958483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs is almost inevitable in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, understanding the relevant mechanisms is urgent. Positive cofactor 4 (PC4) was at first revealed to be a coactivator of basal transcription. Previous research has shown that PC4 participates in various cellular processes in normal and malignant cells. However, it is still unknown whether PC4 participates in altering the lung adenocarcinoma cell sensitivity to chemotherapy, and the relevant mechanisms remain to be explained. In this study, we discovered that PC4 was overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. PC4 decreased cisplatin's cytotoxic effects on lung adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PC4 positively correlated with SOX9 in multiple cancers. PC4 was an upstream regulator of SOX9 in lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, PC4 mediated lung adenocarcinoma cell sensitivity to the HIF-PH inhibitor DMOG and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and PC4 mediated the synergistic effect of DMOG and cisplatin. Finally, PC4 destabilized HIF-1α upon cisplatin treatment. Our research showed that PC4 participates in mediating lung adenocarcinoma cell sensitivity to multiple drugs. Mechanistically, PC4 governs multiple downstream pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance, including the SOX9 and HIF-1α pathways. Thus, PC4 is a promising chemotherapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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7
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Wang Q, Ma L, Chen L, Chen H, Luo M, Yang W, Liao F, Gong Q, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wu J, Zhang C, Zheng J, Han S, Leng Y, Luo P, Shi C. Knockdown of PC4 increases chemosensitivity of Oxaliplatin in triple negative breast cancer by suppressing mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 544:65-72. [PMID: 33524870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a multifunctional nuclear protein, the human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is highly expressed in various tumors including breast cancer and has potential roles in cancer development and progression. However, the functional signatures and molecular mechanisms of PC4 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and chemotherapeutic response are still unknown. In this study, we found that PC4 is significantly upregulated in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells, implying its potential role in TNBC. Then, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that knockdown of PC4 increased chemosensitivity of Oxaliplation (Oxa) in TNBC by suppressing mTOR pathway. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the signatures and molecular mechanisms of PC4 in TNBC chemotherapeutic response, and indicated that PC4 might be a promising therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongdan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fengying Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shiqian Han
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Su X, Yang Y, Ma L, Luo P, Shen K, Dai H, Jiang Y, Shuai L, Liu Z, You J, Min K, Shi C, Chen Z. Human Positive Coactivator 4 Affects the Progression and Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via the mTOR/P70s6k Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12213-12223. [PMID: 33273827 PMCID: PMC7705283 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s284219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 90% of all cases. Human positive coactivator 4 (PC4) is a transcriptional coactivator that has been associated with the development and progression of several tumors. However, no studies investigated the potential role of PC4 in PDAC. Methods We investigated PC4 expression in 81 PDAC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry and studied the impact of PC4 expression and the molecular mechanisms of this altered expression on PDAC tumorigenesis and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Results PC4 overexpression was correlated with a poor outcome in PDAC patients. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of PC4 expression in CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1 cell lines reduced cell proliferation and tumor growth. The loss of PC4 in PDAC inhibits cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and suppressing the mTOR/p70s6k pathway. Discussion/Conclusion Our findings reveal for the first time that PC4 exerts oncogenic functions by activating mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway-mediated cell proliferation, implying that PC4 is a promising therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shuai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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9
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Effect of Ag-1031 on apoptosis in gastric cancer AGS cells and its effects on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2447-2452. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Liao F, Chen L, Luo P, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wang Y, He J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu L, Huang Y, Wang H, Jiang Q, Luo M, Gan Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Xie W, Cheng Z, Dai Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yang F, Shi C. PC4 serves as a negative regulator of skin wound healing in mice. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa010. [PMID: 32373645 PMCID: PMC7198317 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) was initially characterized as a multifunctional transcriptional cofactor, but its role in skin wound healing is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of PC4 in skin wound healing through PC4 knock-in mouse model. Methods A PC4 knock-in mouse model (PC4+/+) with a dorsal full-thickness wound was used to investigate the biological functions of PC4 in skin wound healing. Quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the expression of PC4; Sirius red staining and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the change of collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Proliferation and apoptosis were detected using Ki67 staining and TUNEL assay. Primary dermal fibroblasts were isolated from mouse skin to perform cell scratch experiments, cck-8 assay and colony formation assay. Results The PC4+/+ mice were fertile and did not display overt abnormalities but showed an obvious delay in cutaneous healing of dorsal skin. Histological staining showed insufficient re-epithelialization, decreased angiogenesis and collagen deposition, increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in PC4+/+ skin. Our data also showed decreased migration rate and proliferation ability in cultured primary fibroblasts from PC4+/+ mice in vitro. Conclusions This study suggests that PC4 might serve as a negative regulator of skin wound healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jintao He
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wentao Xie
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yali Dai
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jialun Li
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zujuan Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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11
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Efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of the transcriptional cofactor PC4 in prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230670. [PMID: 32231397 PMCID: PMC7108703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human positive coactivator 4 (PC4) was originally identified as a multi-functional cofactor capable of mediating transcription activation by diverse gene- and tissue-specific activators. Recent studies suggest that PC4 might also function as a novel cancer biomarker and therapeutic target for different types of cancers. siRNA knockdown studies indicated that down-regulation of PC4 expression could inhibit tumorigeneicity of A549 non-small cell lung cancer tumor model in nude mice. Here we show that AG-1031, a small molecule identified by high throughput screening, can inhibit the double-stranded DNA binding activity of PC4, more effectively than its single-stranded DNA binding activity. AG-1031 also specifically inhibited PC4-dependent transcriptional activation in vitro using purified transcription factors. AG-1031 inhibited proliferation of several cultured cell lines derived from non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and growth of tumors that formed from A549 cell xenografts in immuno-compromised mice. Moreover, pre-injection of AG-1031 in these mice not only reduced tumor size, but also prevented tumor formation in 20% of the animals. AG-1031 treated A549 cells and tumors from AG-1031 treated animals showed a significant decrease in the levels of both PC4 and VEGFC, a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer. On the other hand, all tested mice remained constant weight during animal trials. These results demonstrated that AG-1031 could be a potential therapy for PC4-positive NSCLC.
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12
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Sikder S, Kumari S, Kumar M, Sen S, Singhal NB, Chellappan S, Godbole M, Chandrani P, Dutt A, Gopinath KS, Kundu TK. Chromatin protein PC4 is downregulated in breast cancer to promote disease progression: Implications of miR-29a. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6855-6869. [PMID: 31839879 PMCID: PMC6901337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human transcriptional coactivator PC4 has numerous roles to play in the cell. Other than its transcriptional coactivation function, it facilitates chromatin organization, DNA damage repair, viral DNA replication, etc. Although it was found to be an essential protein in vivo, the importance of this multifunctional protein in the regulation of different cellular pathways has not been investigated in details, particularly in oncogenesis. In this study, PC4 downregulation was observed in a significant proportion of mammary tissues obtained from Breast cancer patient samples as well as in a subset of highly invasive and metastatic Breast cancer patient-derived cell lines. We have identified a miRNA, miR-29a which potentially reduce the expression of PC4 both in RNA and protein level. This miR-29a was found to be indeed overexpressed in a substantial number of Breast cancer patient samples and cell lines as well, suggesting one of the key mechanisms of PC4 downregulation. Stable Knockdown of PC4 in MCF7 cells induced its migratory as well as invasive properties. Furthermore, in an orthotopic breast cancer mice model system; we have shown that reduced expression of PC4 enhances the tumorigenic potential substantially. Absence of PC4 led to the upregulation of several genes involved in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), indicating the possible mechanism of uniform tumour progression in the orthotropic mice. Collectively these data establish the role of PC4 in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sikder
- 1Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- 1Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 1Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shrinka Sen
- 1Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Mukul Godbole
- 3Integrated Cancer Genomics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik Chandrani
- 3Integrated Cancer Genomics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- 3Integrated Cancer Genomics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Tapas K. Kundu
- 1Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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13
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Mondal P, Saleem S, Sikder S, Kundu TK, Biswas SC, Roy S. Multifunctional transcriptional coactivator PC4 is a global co-regulator of p53-dependent stress response and gene regulation. J Biochem 2019; 166:403-413. [PMID: 31236588 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human positive coactivator 4 (PC4), a multifunctional chromatin-associated protein, is known to directly interact with p53 and modulate expressions of a few p53-dependent genes. However, the role of PC4 in p53's myriad of other regulatory functions is not known. The p53-PC4 interaction was selectively perturbed by a small peptide which led to abrogation of genotoxic stress-induced up-regulation of many p53-dependent genes and reduction of apoptosis in A549 cells. Over-expression of a PC4 point mutant, incapable of binding p53, recapitulated many of the effects of the peptide. Global gene expression profiling in A549 cells, upon peptide treatment, revealed PC4's involvement in the regulation of many p53-dependent pathways, including the Hippo pathway. Introduction of the peptide in neuronal cells significantly reduced its amyloid-β-induced death. Thus, PC4 emerges as a global co-regulator of p53 and a therapeutic target against pathogeneses where the p53-dependent cell death process plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Sweta Sikder
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal
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14
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Transcriptional positive cofactor 4 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through c-Myc mediated Warburg effect. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:36. [PMID: 30992017 PMCID: PMC6469038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is initially identified as a transcriptional cofactor and has an important role in embryonic development and malignant transformation. However, the clinical significance and the molecular mechanisms of PC4 in breast cancer development and progression are still unknown. Methods We investigated PC4 expression in 114 cases of primary breast cancer and matched normal breast tissue specimens, and studied the impact of PC4 expression as well as the molecular mechanisms of this altered expression on breast cancer growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Results PC4 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer and high PC4 expression was positively correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the gene sets of cell proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were positively correlated with elevated PC4 expression. Consistently, loss of PC4 markedly inhibited the growth and metastasis of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PC4 exerted its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters and inducing Warburg effect. Conclusions Our study reveals for the first time that PC4 promotes breast cancer progression by directly regulating c-Myc transcription to promote Warburg effect, implying a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Lopez CR, Singh S, Hambarde S, Griffin WC, Gao J, Chib S, Yu Y, Ira G, Raney KD, Kim N. Yeast Sub1 and human PC4 are G-quadruplex binding proteins that suppress genome instability at co-transcriptionally formed G4 DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5850-5862. [PMID: 28369605 PMCID: PMC5449603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex or G4 DNA is a non-B secondary DNA structure consisting of a stacked array of guanine-quartets that can disrupt critical cellular functions such as replication and transcription. When sequences that can adopt Non-B structures including G4 DNA are located within actively transcribed genes, the reshaping of DNA topology necessary for transcription process stimulates secondary structure-formation thereby amplifying the potential for genome instability. Using a reporter assay designed to study G4-induced recombination in the context of an actively transcribed locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we tested whether co-transcriptional activator Sub1, recently identified as a G4-binding factor, contributes to genome maintenance at G4-forming sequences. Our data indicate that, upon Sub1-disruption, genome instability linked to co-transcriptionally formed G4 DNA in Top1-deficient cells is significantly augmented and that its highly conserved DNA binding domain or the human homolog PC4 is sufficient to suppress G4-associated genome instability. We also show that Sub1 interacts specifically with co-transcriptionally formed G4 DNA in vivo and that yeast cells become highly sensitivity to G4-stabilizing chemical ligands by the loss of Sub1. Finally, we demonstrate the physical and genetic interaction of Sub1 with the G4-resolving helicase Pif1, suggesting a possible mechanism by which Sub1 suppresses instability at G4 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shivani Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shashank Hambarde
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wezley C Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Shubeena Chib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Grzegorz Ira
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin D Raney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nayun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Hu X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Hong CS, Chen W, Shen W, Wang H, He J, Chen P, Zhou Y, Shi C, Chu T. Down regulation of human positive coactivator 4 suppress tumorigenesis and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53210-53225. [PMID: 28881805 PMCID: PMC5581104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary malignant bone tumor with the highest incidence and an extraordinarily poor prognosis and early pulmonary metastasis formation as a frequent occurrence. Transcriptional positive coactivator 4 (PC4) has multiple functions in DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin organization, even in tumorigenesis. However, the precise function of PC4 in osteosarcoma is still unclear and controversial. In this paper we found PC4 was upregulated in patient-derived osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal. Moreover, higher expression of PC4 was correlated with poorer overall survival and advanced clinicopathological tumor staging. Down regulation of PC4 in the highly metastatic osteosarcoma cells reduced the malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Analyzing the downstream genes affected obviously by shPC4 with RNA sequencing, we found knocking down PC4 will inhibit the propensity for lung metastasis through transcriptional suppression of MMPs pathways. Taken together, PC4 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma, especially in preventing lung metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Christopher S Hong
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wugui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tongwei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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17
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Griffin WC, Gao J, Byrd AK, Chib S, Raney KD. A biochemical and biophysical model of G-quadruplex DNA recognition by positive coactivator of transcription 4. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9567-9582. [PMID: 28416612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequences that are guanine-rich have received considerable attention because of their potential to fold into a secondary, four-stranded DNA structure termed G-quadruplex (G4), which has been implicated in genomic instability and some human diseases. We have previously identified positive coactivator of transcription (PC4), a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein, as a novel G4 interactor. Here, to expand on these previous observations, we biochemically and biophysically characterized the interaction between PC4 and G4DNA. PC4 can bind alternative G4DNA topologies with a low nanomolar Kd value of ∼2 nm, similar to that observed for ssDNA. In consideration of the different structural features between G4DNA and ssDNA, these binding data indicated that PC4 can interact with G4DNA in a manner distinct from ssDNA. The stoichiometry of the PC4-G4 complex was 1:1 for PC4 dimer:G4 substrate. PC4 did not enhance the rate of folding of G4DNA, and formation of the PC4-G4DNA complex did not result in unfolding of the G4DNA structure. We assembled a G4DNA structure flanked by duplex DNA. We find that PC4 can interact with this G4DNA, as well as the complementary C-rich strand. Molecular docking simulations and DNA footprinting experiments suggest a model where a PC4 dimer accommodates the DNA with one monomer on the G4 strand and the second monomer bound to the C-rich strand. Collectively, these data provide a novel mode of PC4 binding to a DNA secondary structure that remains within the framework of the model for binding to ssDNA. Additionally, consideration of the PC4-G4DNA interaction could provide insight into the biological functions of PC4, which remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wezley C Griffin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7101
| | - Jun Gao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7101
| | - Alicia K Byrd
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7101
| | - Shubeena Chib
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7101
| | - Kevin D Raney
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7101
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18
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Chakravarthi BVSK, Goswami MT, Pathi SS, Robinson AD, Cieślik M, Chandrashekar DS, Agarwal S, Siddiqui J, Daignault S, Carskadon SL, Jing X, Chinnaiyan AM, Kunju LP, Palanisamy N, Varambally S. MicroRNA-101 regulated transcriptional modulator SUB1 plays a role in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:6330-6340. [PMID: 27270442 PMCID: PMC5140777 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-101, a tumor suppressor microRNA (miR), is often downregulated in cancer and is known to target multiple oncogenes. Some of the genes that are negatively regulated by miR-101 expression include histone methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), COX2 (cyclooxygenase-2), POMP (proteasome maturation protein), CERS6, STMN1, MCL-1 and ROCK2, among others. In the present study, we show that miR-101 targets transcriptional coactivator SUB1 homolog (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)/PC4 (positive cofactor 4) and regulates its expression. SUB1 is known to have diverse role in vital cell processes such as DNA replication, repair and heterochromatinization. SUB1 is known to modulate transcription and acts as a mediator between the upstream activators and general transcription machinery. Expression profiling in several cancers revealed SUB1 overexpression, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. However, detailed regulation and function of SUB1 has not been elucidated. In this study, we show elevated expression of SUB1 in aggressive prostate cancer. Knockdown of SUB1 in prostate cancer cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Gene expression analyses coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that SUB1 binds to the promoter regions of several oncogenes such as PLK1 (Polo-like kinase 1), C-MYC, serine-threonine kinase BUB1B and regulates their expression. Additionally, we observed SUB1 downregulated CDKN1B expression. PLK1 knockdown or use of PLK1 inhibitor can mitigate oncogenic function of SUB1 in benign prostate cancer cells. Thus, our study suggests that miR-101 loss results in increased SUB1 expression and subsequent activation of known oncogenes driving prostate cancer progression and metastasis. This study therefore demonstrates functional role of SUB1 in prostate cancer, and identifies its regulation and potential downstream therapeutic targets of SUB1 in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V S K Chakravarthi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M T Goswami
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S S Pathi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A D Robinson
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Cieślik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D S Chandrashekar
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Agarwal
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Daignault
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S L Carskadon
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - X Jing
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L P Kunju
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Palanisamy
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Varambally
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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