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Zhou C, Zhou Y, Liu L, Jiang H, Wei H, Zhou C, Ji X. Progress and recognition of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A narrative review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14895. [PMID: 39097911 PMCID: PMC11298205 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects obese young women, causing elevated intracranial pressure, headaches, and papilledema, risking vision loss and severe headaches. Despite weight loss as the primary treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research explores novel therapeutic targets. AIMS This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of IIH's pathophysiology and clinical features to inform pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies. METHODS Recent publications on IIH were searched and summarized using PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. RESULTS The review highlights potential pathomechanisms and therapeutic advances in IIH. CONCLUSION IIH incidence is rising, with growing evidence linking it to metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Early diagnosis and treatment remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Zhou
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease CenterNational Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease CenterNational Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Xirui Institute of Precision Medicine for Heart and Brain TumorsBeijingChina
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huimin Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Zhou
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease CenterNational Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease CenterNational Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Potter O, Menon V, Mollan SP. Risk factors and disease associations in people living with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:681-689. [PMID: 38803205 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2359420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a neurological condition characterized by a raised intracranial pressure and papilledema, leading to chronic headaches and visual disturbances. By recognizing modifiable risk factors and deploying evidence-based interventions, healthcare providers have the potential to mitigate the burden of the disease and improve patient outcomes. AREAS COVERED It is well known that the condition occurs in predominantly pre-menopausal females who live with obesity particularly in the context of recent weight gain. This review discusses what risk factors may contribute to the metabolic underpinnings of cerebrospinal fluid dysregulation. There are a number of disease associations that are important to screen for as they can alter management. EXPERT OPINION There is emerging evidence to suggest that idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a systemic metabolic disease and it is unknown what are all the risk factors are that precipitate the condition. Targeting certain hardwired risk factors is unachievable. However, as recent weight gain has been identified as a predominant risk factor for the development of the disease and relapse, modification of body weight should be the primary aim of management. Insightful research into the involvement of the neuroendocrine axis driving cerebrospinal fluid dysregulation now has the potential for the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Potter
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vaishnavi Menon
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan P Mollan
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Su X, Patel N, Zhu S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Chen J, Mo X. Association between serum vitamin A and body mass index in adolescents from NHANES 1999 to 2006. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10859. [PMID: 38740865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A plays a pivotal role in health, particularly in regulating fat metabolism. Despite its significance, research into the direct relationship between vitamin A levels and obesity, especially among adolescents, is sparse. This study aims to explore this association within the adolescent population in the United States. This cross-sectional study analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2006, with 8218 participants. The levels of vitamin A in the serum were determined based on utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The relationship between serum vitamin A concentrations and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using weighted multiple linear regression models, incorporating subgroup analyses by sex and race/ethnicity to provide nuanced insights. A positive correlation was observed between serum vitamin A levels and BMI, with BMI increasing progressively across vitamin A quartiles (P < 0.001). Using the lowest quartile of serum vitamin A as a reference, the BMI of the highest quartile of serum vitamin A was 1.236 times higher (95% CI 0.888, 1.585). Subgroup analyses revealed that this positive association persisted across different genders and racial/ethnic groups (P < 0.001). Notably, smooth curve fitting and saturation threshold analysis unveiled an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum vitamin A and BMI among female adolescents, non-Hispanic Whites, Mexican Americans, and other races/ethnicities groups. Our study substantiates the association between serum vitamin A levels and the risk of obesity/overweight status in adolescents. The findings suggest the potential serum vitamin A is an early biomarker for identifying obesity risk, although further studies are needed to determine to clarify its role as a contributing factor to obesity. This study contributes to the understanding of nutritional influences on adolescent obesity, highlighting the need for targeted interventions based on serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211666, China
| | - Shanliang Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Lagacé M, Oskoui M, Myers K. Not a Benign Vitamin: Infant with Vitamin A Toxicity and Acute Intracranial Hypertension. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:308-309. [PMID: 36503562 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2022.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Lagacé
- University of British Columbia, Division of Neurology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Research Institute of the McGill University Medical Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Myers
- Research Institute of the McGill University Medical Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sabt BI, Al Busaidi AS, Azeem S, Al Dhabbari L. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Omani adults: A tertiary center experience. Oman J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:19-24. [PMID: 38524327 PMCID: PMC10957044 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_342_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the clinical profile, risk factors, and ophthalmic diagnostic and monitoring tools in Omani patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS A retrospective single institutional cohort study on Omani patients with a fulfilled diagnosis of IIH from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2020, was conducted. The data obtained from the neuro-ophthalmic clinic contained age of onset of the disease, gender of patients, body mass index (BMI), presence of other associated conditions, and medication use. RESULTS Our study group comprised 21 patients with IIH with an annual incidence rate of 2.8 per 100,000 population. Female-to-male ratio was 9.5:1 with a mean age of 27.24 ± 7.1. Headaches appeared to be the most prevalent symptom in 21 (100%) patients, followed by transient obscuration of vision in 9 (42.9%) patients and diplopia in 3 (14.3%) patients, and the least common symptom was pulsatile tinnitus in 2 (9.5%) patients. Increased BMI was seen in 19 (90.5%) patients and noted to be the most prevalent predisposing factor among our study group. The use of oral contraceptive pills was documented in 4 (19%) patients and 1 (4.8%) patient was noted to have polycystic ovary syndrome. All patients (100%) had a best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes pre- and postrecovery and 7 (33.3%) patients had an enlarged blind spot on visual field testing. All patients had papilledema on presentation and an average of 14.1 months to resolve to normal clinically and on OCT monitoring. All patients were treated with medications and only 1 (4.8%) continued to have intractable headaches that did not respond to maximum medical therapy and required surgery. CONCLUSION The incidence of IIH in the Omani population was found to be less than neighboring countries but comparable worldwide. OCT is considered a useful tool to confirm and document papilledema and more importantly monitor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Issa Sabt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Sitara Azeem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lojain Al Dhabbari
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Otto LR, Clemens V, Üsekes B, Cosma NC, Regen F, Hellmann-Regen J. Retinoid homeostasis in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 36813763 PMCID: PMC9947135 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, hormone-like molecule retinoic acid (RA) is a vital regulator in several neurobiological processes that are affected in depression. Next to its involvement in dopaminergic signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and neuroendocrine regulation, recent studies highlight the role of RA in homeostatic synaptic plasticity and its link to neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, experimental studies and epidemiological evidence point to the dysregulation of retinoid homeostasis in depression. Based on this evidence, the present study investigated the putative link between retinoid homeostasis and depression in a cohort of 109 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. Retinoid homeostasis was defined by several parameters. Serum concentrations of the biologically most active Vitamin A metabolite, all-trans RA (at-RA), and its precursor retinol (ROL) were quantified and the individual in vitro at-RA synthesis and degradation activity was assessed in microsomes of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Additionally, the mRNA expression of enzymes relevant to retinoid signaling, transport, and metabolism were assessed. Patients with MDD had significantly higher ROL serum levels and greater at-RA synthesis activity than healthy controls providing evidence of altered retinoid homeostasis in MDD. Furthermore, MDD-associated alterations in retinoid homeostasis differed between men and women. This study is the first to investigate peripheral retinoid homeostasis in a well-matched cohort of MDD patients and healthy controls, complementing a wealth of preclinical and epidemiological findings that point to a central role of the retinoid system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rebecca Otto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vera Clemens
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Üsekes
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Regen
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Bilateral compressive optic neuropathy and outer retinopathy due to optic canal hyperostosis in a child with isolated vitamin a deficiency. Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 146:173-180. [PMID: 36602670 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-022-09918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin A plays a crucial role in rod phototransduction, with deficient levels manifesting as night blindness. Animal models have demonstrated bone dysplasia in the setting of hypovitaminosis A. We present a rare case of bony overgrowth leading to bilateral compressive optic neuropathy, combined with outer retinopathy, in a paediatric patient secondary to isolated vitamin A deficiency. METHODS A single case report was conducted from Toronto, Canada. RESULTS A 12-year-old boy with known autism spectrum disorder presented with a 9-month history of progressive painless vision loss. Vision was 20/300 and hand motion in the right and left eye, respectively. Fundus photography demonstrated bilateral optic atrophy and yellow lesions notably in the right eye far periphery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging demonstrated thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer, alterations in the ellipsoid zone, as well as retinal pigment epithelium deposits. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated sphenoid bone thickening with narrow optic canals and moderate optic atrophy bilaterally. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) demonstrated mildly reduced dark adapted (DA) 0.01 b-wave amplitudes and electronegative configuration of DA 3.0 and DA 10.0 ERG; the light adapted ERGs were normal. The patient was treated with pulse vitamin A therapy. Subsequently, the DA ERG normalized, outer retinal changes reversed and vision stabilised; no surgical intervention was conducted. CONCLUSION This case represents a rare presentation of compressive optic neuropathy with concomitant outer retinopathy secondary to isolated vitamin A deficiency. Despite improvement in outer retinal integrity on OCT imaging and ERG testing results following vitamin A supplementation, no functional improvement was obtained due to severe optic atrophy.
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Xie J, Zhong C, Wang T, He D, Lu L, Yang J, Yuan Z, Zhang J. Better Bioactivity, Cerebral Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Natural Medicine and Its Advanced Version. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937075. [PMID: 35833035 PMCID: PMC9271619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many people are afflicted by cerebral diseases that cause dysfunction in the brain and perturb normal daily life of people. Cerebral diseases are greatly affected by cerebral metabolism, including the anabolism and catabolism of neurotransmitters, hormones, neurotrophic molecules and other brain-specific chemicals. Natural medicines (NMs) have the advantages of low cost and low toxicity. NMs are potential treatments for cerebral diseases due to their ability to regulate cerebral metabolism. However, most NMs have low bioavailability due to their low solubility/permeability. The study is to summarize the better bioactivity, cerebral metabolism and pharmacokinetics of NMs and its advanced version. This study sums up research articles on the NMs to treat brain diseases. NMs affect cerebral metabolism and the related mechanisms are revealed. Nanotechnologies are applied to deliver NMs. Appropriate delivery systems (exosomes, nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, protein conjugation and nanosuspensions, etc.) provide better pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of NMs. The structure-based metabolic reactions and enzyme-modulated catalytic reactions related to advanced versions of NMs alter the pharmacological activities of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xie
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan He
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi Yuan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingqing Zhang,
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Pan DW, Vanstrum E, Doherty JK. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Implications for the Otolaryngologist. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:579-594. [PMID: 35490040 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a triad of headaches, visual changes, and papilledema in the absence of a secondary cause for elevated intracranial pressure. There is an association with obesity, and the incidence is rising in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Sometimes these patients present to an otolaryngologist with complaints like tinnitus, dizziness, hearing loss, and otorrhea or rhinorrhea from cerebrospinal fluid leak. IIH diagnosis in conjunction with neurology and ophthalmology, including neuroimaging and lumbar puncture with opening pressure, is key to managing of this condition. Otolaryngologists should recognize IIH as a possible diagnosis and initiate appropriate referrals and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy W Pan
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Erik Vanstrum
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joni K Doherty
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Bonifácio GV, Gil-Gouveia R. Update on "Treatment of orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension: A case report" - nine years later. Cephalalgia 2021; 42:273-275. [PMID: 34404249 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211038656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, one of the authors described a 36-year-old female with orthostatic headache without documented intracranial hypotension or evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak, despite extensive workup. Headache was unresponsive to conservative treatment since 2010, showed only transient benefit after repeated epidural blood patches while vitamin A supplementation resulted in progressive improvement. CASE Since 2013, the patient followed a relapsing and remitting course yet relapse control became difficult after a drug induced liver injury required vitamin A discontinuation in 2017, when her headache became chronic. Greater occipital nerve blocks provided pain relief as alternative but were stopped due to the pandemic and her latest severe relapse, in late 2020, required not only restarting anaesthetic blocks and aggressive medication management, but also reassessing and treating comorbidities (obstructive sleep apnoea and major depressive disorder) with modest benefit. CONCLUSION Orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension is rare, with only 28 cases reported so far, all treated empirically and all treatment options revealing to be mostly ineffective. Vitamin A anecdotally appeared to be useful in our case but had to be stopped for severe side effects, so unfavourable long-term prognosis, in ours and 2/3 of the reported cases, seems to be the rule in this intriguing entity.
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Serum Retinal and Retinoic Acid Predict the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose from the KCPS-II Cohort. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080510. [PMID: 34436451 PMCID: PMC8398291 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether retinal and retinoic acid (RA), which are newly discovered biomarkers from our previous research, reliably predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Among the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS)-II cohort, subjects were selected and matched by age and sex (IFG-IFG group, n = 100 vs. IFG-DM group, n = 100) for study 1. For real-world validation of two biomarkers (study 2), other participants in the KCPS-II cohort who had IFG at baseline (n = 500) were selected. Targeted LC/MS was used to analyze the baseline serum samples; retinal and RA levels were quantified. In study 1, we revealed that both biomarkers were significantly decreased in the IFG-DM group (retinal, p = 0.017; RA, p < 0.001). The obese subjects in the IFG-DM group showed markedly lower retinal (p = 0.030) and RA (p = 0.003) levels than those in the IFG-IFG group. In study 2, the results for the two metabolites tended to be similar to those of study 1, but no significant difference was observed. Notably, the predictive ability for T2DM was enhanced when the metabolites were added to conventional risk factors for T2DM in both studies (study 1, AUC 0.682 → 0.775; study 2, AUC 0.734 → 0.786). The results suggest that retinal- and RA-related metabolic pathways are altered before the onset of T2DM.
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Miller MJ, Foroozan R. Papilledema and hypervitaminosis A after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis. Can J Ophthalmol 2021; 57:e6-e10. [PMID: 34058144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dural venous sinus stenting in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A systematic review and critique of literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:271-287. [PMID: 34004224 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is increased intracranial pressure without a known cause. Dural venous sinus stenting (DVSS) is a relatively new intervention for treatment of IIH refractory to medical therapy and lifestyle modifications. In this review, we outline various hypotheses of IIH pathogenesis and describe the role of venous sinus stenosis and the technical details of DVSS. We also present a summary and critique of the available evidence describing the outcomes of DVSS in IIH and review the evidence-based guidelines for this procedure. We conclude that, although many studies have shown generally favorable outcomes of DVSS in patients with IIH, most have serious limitations, the most common one being paucity of pre- and postprocedure ophthalmological data. Thus, there is not enough available evidence to conclude whether DVSS is an effective procedure for treatment of IIH. We also present the most commonly used indications for DVSS as described in the literature and stress the importance of neuro-ophthalmological assessment before and after the procedure to monitor response and potential complications.
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Ototoxicity during Chemotherapy in Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8010027. [PMID: 33419229 PMCID: PMC7825585 DOI: 10.3390/children8010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is known to induce complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and its use has significantly improved the cure rate of APL. However, ATRA also causes side effects such as differentiation syndrome or intracranial hypertension. In our case, the patient was diagnosed with APL and developed hearing loss thrice while being treated with ATRA. Therefore, we reduced the dose of ATRA instead of stopping it altogether and administered dexamethasone to the patient. A hearing test performed thereafter revealed recovery of hearing. No recurrence of hearing loss occurred after prednisolone and ATRA were combined in the maintenance phase. In conclusion, ATRA-associated hearing loss is reversible, and it is not necessary to stop ATRA. We recommend completion of a randomized clinical trial using dexamethasone in combination with ATRA to prevent hearing loss caused by ATRA.
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Mollan SP, Grech O, Alimajstorovic Z, Wakerley BR, Sinclair AJ. New horizons for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: advances and challenges. Br Med Bull 2020; 136:118-126. [PMID: 33200788 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is becoming a recognized condition due to the increasing incidence linked to a global obesity epidemic. SOURCES OF DATA All English papers on PubMed, Cochrane and Scholar between inception until 1 March 2020 were considered. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Studies suggest central adiposity has a pathogenic role. Recent weight gain is a risk factor and weight loss has a key role in management. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Interpretation of abnormal lumbar puncture opening pressure is debated. There is an increasing recognition of obesity stigma and how this should be approached. GROWING POINTS Further evidence is required for the choice of surgical intervention for fulminant IIH. Education regarding IIH should be evidence based. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Novel research of the pathology of IIH is influencing development of therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and targeting unique androgen signatures. The newly discovered cardiovascular risk requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Mollan
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olivia Grech
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Zerin Alimajstorovic
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | | | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
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Shaia JK, Elzie C. Acute presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with severe vision deficits. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020; 8:2050313X20945573. [PMID: 33014374 PMCID: PMC7517988 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20945573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in which visual decline occurs within 4 weeks of initial symptom presentation. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension usually presents with headaches, visual disturbances, and in women who are overweight. We present a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in which a female patient presented with rapid, severe vision loss within 8 days of symptom presentation and no other idiopathic intracranial hypertension symptoms. This case highlights a rare presentation of Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension and the need for a quick diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie Elzie
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Tan Y, Choo CH. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Characteristic MRI Features. Headache 2020; 60:2083-2084. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Jiang Tan
- Department of Neurology National Neuroscience InstituteSingapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
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Alimajstorovic Z, Westgate CSJ, Jensen RH, Eftekhari S, Mitchell J, Vijay V, Seneviratne SY, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ. Guide to preclinical models used to study the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1321-1333. [PMID: 31896803 PMCID: PMC7376028 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilloedema in the absence of an identifiable secondary cause typically occurring in young women with obesity. The impact is considerable with the potential for blindness, chronic disabling headaches, future risk of cardiovascular disease and marked healthcare utilisation. There have been marked advances in our understanding the pathophysiology of IIH including the role of androgen excess. Insight into pathophysiological underpinnings has arisen from astute clinical observations, studies, and an array of preclinical models. This article summarises the current literature pertaining to the pathophysiology of IIH. The current preclinical models relevant to gaining mechanistic insights into IIH are then discussed. In vitro and in vivo models which study CSF secretion and the effect of potentially pathogenic molecules have started to glean important mechanistic insights. These models are also useful to evaluate novel therapeutic targets to abrogate CSF secretion. Importantly, in vitro CSF secretion assays translate into relevant changes in ICP in vivo. Models of CSF absorption pertinent to IIH, are less well established but highly relevant and of future interest. There is no fully developed in vivo model of IIH but this remains an area of importance. Progress is being made to improve our understanding of the underlying aetiology in IIH including the characterisation of disease biomarkers and their mechanistic role in driving disease pathology. Preclinical models, used to evaluate IIH mechanisms are yielding important mechanistic insights. Further work to refine these techniques will provide translatable insights into disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin Alimajstorovic
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Connar S J Westgate
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup Research Institute, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup Research Institute, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sajedeh Eftekhari
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup Research Institute, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - James Mitchell
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vivek Vijay
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Senali Y Seneviratne
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susan P Mollan
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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An update on idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults: a look at pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and management. J Neurol 2020; 268:3249-3268. [PMID: 32462350 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a neurological syndrome determined by a rise in intracranial pressure without a detectable cause. Course and prognosis may be changeable, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for its diagnosis and management. Although its precise pathogenesis is still unknown, many studies have been carried out to define the possible causal and associated factors, such as retinoids, steroid hormones, body mass index and recent weight gains, cytokines and adipokines levels. The clinical presentation can be variable including chronic headache, disturbance of vision, diplopia and tinnitus. Even if papilloedema is considered the most specific sign, it could not be observed in more than 5% of patients during the evaluation of the fundus oculi. Neuroradiological signs acquire greater importance in patients who do not present papilloedema and may suggest the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Other assessments can be useful in the diagnostic process, such as optical coherence tomography, visual evoked potentials, ocular ultrasonography and fundus fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence. Nonetheless, cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurement is required to establish a definite diagnosis. Management may be different, since surgical procedures or lumbar punctures are often required when symptoms develop rapidly leading to a loss of visual function. Apart from these cases, patients can be treated with a pharmacological approach and low-calorie diet, but they also need to be monitored over time since relapses years later are not uncommon.
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Fousekis FS, Katsanos A, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK. Ocular manifestations in celiac disease: an overview. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1049-1054. [PMID: 31916055 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and highlight the ocular manifestations associated with celiac disease (CD) and presentation of their pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS A thorough review of the literature was performed using PubMed to identify articles about serrated polyposis syndrome. The search was performed using the search string: ("celiac disease" OR "coeliac disease") AND ("ocular manifestations" OR "eye" OR "orbitopathy" OR "uveitis" OR "neuro-ophthalmic manifestations"). Only articles in English were reviewed. RESULTS Several ocular symptoms and disorders have been associated with CD and are a result of defective intestinal absorption and immunological mechanisms. These include nyctalopia, dry eye, cataract, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, uveitis, central retinal vein occlusion and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. In addition, CD-related ocular disease may represent the first manifestation of CD. CONCLUSION CD may hold accountable for the development of ocular diseases of obscure etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios S Fousekis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece.
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Bahnasy WS, El-Heneedy YAE, Elhassanien MEM, Sharaf AF, Khalid HA. Neuro-ophthalmological biomarkers of visual outcome in newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rejinold NS, Kim HK, Isakovic AF, Gater DL, Kim YC. Therapeutic vitamin delivery: Chemical and physical methods with future directions. J Control Release 2019; 298:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Current concepts and strategies in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults. J Neurol 2017; 264:1622-1633. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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