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Gedvilaite G, Duseikaitė M, Dubinskaite G, Kriauciuniene L, Zemaitiene R, Liutkevicienė R. Optic Neuritis: The Influence of Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Levels of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266). J Clin Med 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 38202017 PMCID: PMC10779575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) gene polymorphisms and STAT4 serum level in patients with optic neuritis. Eighty-one subjects with optic neuritis (ON) and 158 healthy subjects participated in the study. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to obtain data. STAT4 serum level was determined using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis revealed that STAT4 rs7574865 allele G was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with ON and multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the control group (84.38% vs. 65.93%, p = 0.003). STAT4 rs10168266 allele C was statistically significantly more frequent in the ON group with MS than in the control group (89.06% vs. 71.75%, p = 0.003). The haplotypes G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) were associated with an 11.5- and 19.5-fold increased odds of ON occurrence (p = 0.003; p = 0.008, respectively). In optic neuritis without MS occurrence, STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) haplotypes G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T were found to be associated with 32.6- and 9-fold increased odds of ON without MS (p = 0.002, p = 0.016, respectively). The current findings may indicate a risk role of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T haplotypes in the occurrence of optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gedvilaite
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.D.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
- Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Monika Duseikaitė
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.D.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Gabrielė Dubinskaite
- Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.D.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Reda Zemaitiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Liutkevicienė
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.D.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
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Petzold A, Fraser CL, Abegg M, Alroughani R, Alshowaeir D, Alvarenga R, Andris C, Asgari N, Barnett Y, Battistella R, Behbehani R, Berger T, Bikbov MM, Biotti D, Biousse V, Boschi A, Brazdil M, Brezhnev A, Calabresi PA, Cordonnier M, Costello F, Cruz FM, Cunha LP, Daoudi S, Deschamps R, de Seze J, Diem R, Etemadifar M, Flores-Rivera J, Fonseca P, Frederiksen J, Frohman E, Frohman T, Tilikete CF, Fujihara K, Gálvez A, Gouider R, Gracia F, Grigoriadis N, Guajardo JM, Habek M, Hawlina M, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Hooker J, Hor JY, Howlett W, Huang-Link Y, Idrissova Z, Illes Z, Jancic J, Jindahra P, Karussis D, Kerty E, Kim HJ, Lagrèze W, Leocani L, Levin N, Liskova P, Liu Y, Maiga Y, Marignier R, McGuigan C, Meira D, Merle H, Monteiro MLR, Moodley A, Moura F, Muñoz S, Mustafa S, Nakashima I, Noval S, Oehninger C, Ogun O, Omoti A, Pandit L, Paul F, Rebolleda G, Reddel S, Rejdak K, Rejdak R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Rougier MB, Sa MJ, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Saylor D, Shatriah I, Siva A, Stiebel-Kalish H, Szatmary G, Ta L, Tenembaum S, Tran H, Trufanov Y, van Pesch V, Wang AG, Wattjes MP, Willoughby E, Zakaria M, Zvornicanin J, Balcer L, Plant GT. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:1120-1134. [PMID: 36179757 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Epidemiological data show that, cumulatively, optic neuritis is most frequently caused by many conditions other than multiple sclerosis. Worldwide, the cause and management of optic neuritis varies with geographical location, treatment availability, and ethnic background. We have developed diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis and a classification of optic neuritis subgroups. Our diagnostic criteria are based on clinical features that permit a diagnosis of possible optic neuritis; further paraclinical tests, utilising brain, orbital, and retinal imaging, together with antibody and other protein biomarker data, can lead to a diagnosis of definite optic neuritis. Paraclinical tests can also be applied retrospectively on stored samples and historical brain or retinal scans, which will be useful for future validation studies. Our criteria have the potential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, provide information on optic neuritis disease course that can guide future treatment trial design, and enable physicians to judge the likelihood of a need for long-term pharmacological management, which might differ according to optic neuritis subgroups.
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Farr J, McGarva E, Nij Bijvank J, van Vliet H, Jellema HM, Crossland MD, Petzold A. The Pulfrich Phenomenon: Practical Implications of the Assessment of Cases and Effectiveness of Treatment. Neuroophthalmology 2018; 42:349-355. [PMID: 30524488 PMCID: PMC6276950 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2018.1446537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pulfrich phenomenon, originally described in normal observers, is a treatable disorder of the perception of movement in depth in cases of unilateral or asymmetric optic neuropathy. Treatment is highly bespoke and factors influencing treatment response and failure remain unclear. We assessed 25 adults with suspected Pulfrich phenomenon due to a range of conditions in two tertiary referral centres. Monocularly tinted spectacles were successful in reducing symptoms of the Pulfrich phenomenon under daylight conditions in nine subjects, eight of whom had optic neuritis. These spectacles were not effective at night and in patients with visual field defects due to ischaemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, optic disc drusen or severe peripapillary retinal nerve fibre loss on optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Farr
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McGarva
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Nij Bijvank
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, The Dutch Expertise Center for Neuro-ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Vliet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael D Crossland
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Petzold
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, The Dutch Expertise Center for Neuro-ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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