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Zarghami A, Fuh‐Ngwa V, Claflin SB, van der Mei I, Ponsonby A, Broadley S, Simpson‐Yap S, Taylor BV. Changes in employment status over time in multiple sclerosis following a first episode of central nervous system demyelination, a Markov multistate model study. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16016. [PMID: 37525323 PMCID: PMC11235915 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Understanding predictors of changes in employment status among people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) can assist health care providers to develop appropriate work retention/rehabilitation programs. We aimed to model longitudinal transitions of employment status in MS and estimate the probabilities of retaining employment status or losing or gaining employment over time in individuals with a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD). METHODS This prospective cohort study comprised adults (aged 18-59 years) diagnosed with FCD (n = 237) who were followed for more than 11 years. At each review, participants were assigned to one of three states: unemployed, part-time, or full-time employed. A Markov multistate model was used to examine the rate of state-to-state transitions. RESULTS At the time of FCD, participants with full-time employment had an 89% chance of being in the same state over a 1-year period, but this decreased to 42% over the 10-year follow-up period. For unemployed participants, there was a 92% likelihood of remaining unemployed after 1 year, but this probability decreased to 53% over 10 years. Females, those who progressed to clinically definite MS, those with a higher relapse count, and those with a greater level of disability were at increased risk of transitioning to a deteriorated employment state. In addition, those who experienced clinically significant fatigue over the follow-up period were less likely to gain employment after being unemployed. CONCLUSIONS In our FCD cohort, we found a considerable rate of employment transition during the early years post-diagnosis. Over more than a decade of follow-up post-FCD, we found that females and individuals with a greater disability and a higher relapse count are at higher risk of losing employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zarghami
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Valery Fuh‐Ngwa
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Suzi B. Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Anne‐Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's Hospital, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simon Broadley
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Steve Simpson‐Yap
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bruce V. Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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2
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Meijboom R, York EN, Kampaite A, Harris MA, White N, Valdés Hernández MDC, Thrippleton MJ, MacDougall NJJ, Connick P, Hunt DPJ, Chandran S, Waldman AD. Patterns of brain atrophy in recently-diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288967. [PMID: 37506096 PMCID: PMC10381059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent neuroinflammation in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is thought to lead to neurodegeneration, resulting in progressive disability. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain provides non-invasive measures of atrophy over time, a key marker of neurodegeneration. This study investigates regional neurodegeneration of the brain in recently-diagnosed RRMS using volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). RRMS patients (N = 354) underwent 3T structural MRI <6 months after diagnosis and 1-year follow-up, as part of the Scottish multicentre 'FutureMS' study. MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer to derive volumetrics, and FSL for VBM (grey matter (GM) only), to establish regional patterns of change in GM and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) over time throughout the brain. Volumetric analyses showed a decrease over time (q<0.05) in bilateral cortical GM and NAWM, cerebellar GM, brainstem, amygdala, basal ganglia, hippocampus, accumbens, thalamus and ventral diencephalon. Additionally, NAWM and GM volume decreased respectively in the following cortical regions, frontal: 14 out of 26 regions and 16/26; temporal: 18/18 and 15/18; parietal: 14/14 and 11/14; occipital: 7/8 and 8/8. Left GM and NAWM asymmetry was observed in the frontal lobe. GM VBM analysis showed three major clusters of decrease over time: 1) temporal and subcortical areas, 2) cerebellum, 3) anterior cingulum and supplementary motor cortex; and four smaller clusters within the occipital lobe. Widespread GM and NAWM atrophy was observed in this large recently-diagnosed RRMS cohort, particularly in the brainstem, cerebellar GM, and subcortical and occipital-temporal regions; indicative of neurodegeneration across tissue types, and in accord with limited previous studies in early disease. Volumetric and VBM results emphasise different features of longitudinal lobar and loco-regional change, however identify consistent atrophy patterns across individuals. Atrophy measures targeted to specific brain regions may provide improved markers of neurodegeneration, and potential future imaging stratifiers and endpoints for clinical decision making and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozanna Meijboom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth N York
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Agniete Kampaite
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole White
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Thrippleton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N J J MacDougall
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Connick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David P J Hunt
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Zarghami A, van der Mei I, Hussain MA, Claflin SB, Bessing B, Simpson-Yap S, Ponsonby AL, Lechner-Scott J, Broadley S, Blizzard L, Taylor BV. Long-term trajectories of employment status, workhours and disability support pension status, after a first episode of CNS demyelination. Mult Scler 2022; 28:1793-1807. [PMID: 35549477 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221089900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with multiple sclerosis face significant employment-related challenges, with little known of the drivers of these outcomes. OBJECTIVE We examined prospective trajectories of employment-related outcomes up to 11 years following a first episode of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (FCD). METHODS Participants were aged 18-59 years, at FCD, with at least two observations and were employed at study entry or anytime during follow-up (n = 207). Outcomes were employment status (full-time, part-time and unemployed), average workhours per week and disability support pension (DSP; receiving/not receiving). We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify groups with common trajectories. Factors associated with trajectory membership were explored using log-multinomial regression. RESULTS Distinct trajectories were identified for employment (4), workhours (4) and DSP (2). Compared with stable full-time, female sex was strongly associated with being in the stable part-time trajectory (risk ratio (RR): 5.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.56-11.20; p < 0.001). A greater level of disability at 5-year review (RR: 1.35; 95% CI = 1.19-1.53) and having more than two comorbidities at baseline (RR: 2.77; 95% CI = 1.37-5.64) were associated with being in early and late deteriorated employment trajectories, respectively. Compared with the increased part-time trajectory, every additional relapse during the 5 years post-FCD was associated with a 10% increased risk of being in the reduced part-time trajectory (RR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.00-1.22). For every additional EDSS point at 5-year review, the risk of being in the DSP trajectory increased (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.05-1.41). CONCLUSION These trajectories indicate substantial heterogeneity and the complex impact of MS on employment from its earliest timepoints. Understanding these trends could enable better targeting of interventions to facilitate workforce retention, particularly for females, those with a higher number of comorbidities, more frequent relapses and greater rate of disability accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zarghami
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mohammad Akhtar Hussain
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia/Central Coast Public Health Unit, Central Coast Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzi B Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Barnabas Bessing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Steve Simpson-Yap
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia/Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia/Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeanette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia/Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Broadley
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Srpova B, Sobisek L, Novotna K, Uher T, Friedova L, Vaneckova M, Krasensky J, Kubala Havrdova E, Horakova D. The clinical and paraclinical correlates of employment status in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1911-1920. [PMID: 34392392 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the clinical and paraclinical markers of employment status in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This was a cross-sectional sub-study investigating 1226 MS patients. To minimalized confounding effect, two groups of patients, matched by sex, age, and education, were selected: 307 patients with full time employment and 153 unemployed patients receiving disability pension. We explored associations between employment status and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 25 Foot Walk Test (25FWT), Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SLOAN charts (SLOAN), and brain volumetric MRI measures. RESULTS Both groups differed significantly on all variables of interest (p < 0.001). In the univariate analyses, EDSS, SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) adjusted for BDI, 25FWT, and 9HPT best explained variability in vocational status. In multivariate analyses, the combination of EDSS, 25FWT, SDMT, BDI, and corpus callosum fraction (CCF) explained the greatest variability. As a next step, after patients were matched by EDSS, differences in SDMT, 25FWT (both p < 0.001), 9HPT, CCF, and T2 lesion volume were still present (all p < 0.005) between both groups. The best multivariate model consisted of SDMT, BDI, and T2 lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS EDSS, walking ability, cognitive performance, and MRI volumetric parameters are independently associated with employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Srpova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Sobisek
- Department of Statistics and Probability, University of Economics in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Novotna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jacobsen C, Zivadinov R, Myhr KM, Dalaker TO, Dalen I, Bergsland N, Farbu E. Brain atrophy and employment in multiple sclerosis patients: a 10-year follow-up study. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320902481. [PMID: 32064116 PMCID: PMC6987492 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320902481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is often associated with unemployment. The contribution of
grey matter atrophy to unemployment is unclear. Objectives To identify magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of grey matter and clinical
symptoms associated with unemployment in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods Demographic, clinical data and 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scans were
collected in 81 patients at the time of inclusion and after 5 and 10 years.
Global and tissue-specific volumes were calculated at each time point.
Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed linear model. Results At baseline 31 (38%) of the patients were unemployed, at 5-year follow-up 44
(59%) and at 10-year follow-up 34 (81%) were unemployed. The unemployed
patients had significantly lower subcortical deep grey matter volume
(P < 0.001), specifically thalamus, pallidus,
putamen and hippocampal volumes, and cortical volume
(P = 0.011); and significantly greater T1
(P < 0.001)/T2 (P < 0.001)
lesion volume than the employed patient group at baseline. Subcortical deep
grey matter volumes, and to a lesser degree cortical volume, were
significantly associated with unemployment throughout the follow-up. Conclusion We found significantly greater atrophy of subcortical deep grey matter and
cortical volume at baseline and during follow-up in the unemployed patient
group. Atrophy of subcortical deep grey matter showed a stronger association
to unemployment than atrophy of cortical volume during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, USA
| | | | - Turi O Dalaker
- Department of Radiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, USA
| | - Elisabeth Farbu
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Ziemssen T, Akgün K, Brück W. Molecular biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:272. [PMID: 31870389 PMCID: PMC6929340 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system presenting with significant inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity. However, the application of clinical and imaging biomarkers is currently not able to allow individual characterization and prediction. Complementary, molecular biomarkers which are easily quantifiable come from the areas of immunology and neurobiology due to the causal pathomechanisms and can excellently complement other disease characteristics. Only a few molecular biomarkers have so far been routinely used in clinical practice as their validation and transfer take a long time. This review describes the characteristics that an ideal MS biomarker should have and the challenges of establishing new biomarkers. In addition, clinically relevant and promising biomarkers from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid are presented which are useful for MS diagnosis and prognosis as well as for the assessment of therapy response and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjalf Ziemssen
- MS center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Katja Akgün
- MS center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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