1
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Monk JM, Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Burns JL, Wellings H, Cartwright NM, Muller WJ, Power KA, Robinson LE, Ma DWL. Fish oil supplementation increases expression of mammary tumor apoptosis mediators and reduces inflammation in an obesity-associated HER-2 breast cancer model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108763. [PMID: 33965532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and has been shown to increase breast cancer severity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation in obesity-associated mammary tumorigenesis in the MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive BC. Female mice were fed one of three diets for 16 weeks: i) high fat diet [HF, % kacl: 41.2% lard, 18.7% corn oil (CO)], ii) an isocaloric HF plus menhaden FO diet (HF+FO, % kcal: 41.2 lard, 13.4% CO, 5.3% FO), iii) low fat diet (LF, % kcal: 4.7% lard, 6% CO). HF mice had increased body weight, visceral adipose weight and serum hormone concentrations (increased leptin and resistin; decreased adiponectin) versus LF, which was attenuated in the HF+FO group versus HF (P<.05). Compared to HF, tumor onset was delayed in HF+FO and LF mice (P<0.05). Compared to HF, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-27%), tumor weight (-46%) and total tumor volume (-50%) (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-33%), tumor weight (-39%) and total tumor volume (-60%) versus LF. HF+FO improved mammary tumor apoptosis status with increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xLmediators versus HF (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO decreased tumor protein expression of activated Akt, NFκB p65 and STAT3, versus HF (P<0.05). Tumor mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6 and leptin were reduced in HF+FO, whereas IL-10 expression was increased compared to HF (P<0.05). Collectively these results demonstrate the efficacy of FO supplementation for improving obesity-associated breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Hannah Wellings
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nadia M Cartwright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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2
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de Moraes Salgado C, da Silva Miyaguti NA, de Oliveira SCP, Favero-Santos BC, Viana LR, de Moraes Santos Oliveira M, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Cancer during pregnancy. Maternal, placenta, and fetal damage. Nutrition, antioxidant defenses, and adult offspring tumor-bearing. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Stillwater BJ, Neumayer LA, Romagnolo DF. Do Olive and Fish Oils of the Mediterranean Diet Have a Role in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy? An Exploration of Evidence in Cells and Animal Models. Front Nutr 2020; 7:571455. [PMID: 33123546 PMCID: PMC7573103 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.571455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive and lethal of the breast cancer molecular subtypes, due in part to a poor understanding of TNBC etiology and lack of targeted therapeutics. Despite advances in the clinical management of TNBC, optimal treatment regimens remain elusive. Thus, identifying interventional approaches that suppress the initiation and progression of TNBC, while minimizing side effects, would be of great interest. Studies have documented an inverse relationship between the incidence of hormone receptor negative breast cancer and adherence to a Mediterranean Diet, particularly higher consumption of fish and olive oil. Here, we performed a review of studies over the last 5 years investigating the effects of fish oil, olive oil and their components in model systems of TNBC. We included studies that focused on the fish oil ω-3 essential fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in addition to olive oil polyphenolic compounds and oleic acid. Both beneficial and deleterious effects on TNBC model systems are reviewed and we highlight how multiple components of these Mediterranean Diet oils target signaling pathways known to be aberrant in TNBC including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB/COX2 and Wnt/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G. Donovan
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ornella I. Selmin
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Barbara J. Stillwater
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgery Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh A. Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgery Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donato F. Romagnolo
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Donato F. Romagnolo
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4
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Li J, Li K, Gao J, Guo X, Lu M, Li Z, Li D. Maternal exposure to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet decreases mammary cancer risk of female offspring in adulthood. Food Funct 2019; 9:5768-5777. [PMID: 30327803 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to dietary factors during pregnancy influences the risk of many adult-onset diseases in the later life of offspring. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet on breast cancer risk of female offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (control group), or a high-fat diet rich in safflower oil (SO), fish oil (FO) or flaxseed oil (FSO) (n = 10) throughout gestation and lactation. Their female offspring were fed an AIN-93G diet from weaning. Tumor incidences in offspring induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) were higher in high-fat groups than in the control group, and were lower in FO and FSO groups than in the SO group. The plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2), in both pregnant dams and offspring, were significantly lower in FO and FSO groups compared with the SO group. The FO and FSO offspring showed delayed puberty onset, and their mammary glands contained decreased numbers of epithelial terminal end buds (TEBs, targets for malignant transformation) compared with SO offspring. Reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in FO and FSO offspring were observed compared with SO offspring. In line with these changes, maternal exposure to FO promoted the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in p53 and apoptosis signaling pathways and inhibited that in NF-κB and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, while FSO promoted the expression of lncRNA in p53 signaling pathways and inhibited that in NF-κB, Jak-STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, maternal exposure to a high-fat diet rich in n-3 PUFAs, both marine- and plant-based, has a protective effect on mammary tumor risk of female offspring in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomei Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Li J, Li K, Gao J, Guo X, Lu M, Li Z, Li D. Endogenously Synthesized n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnant fat-1 Mice Decreases Mammary Cancer Risk of Female Offspring by Regulating Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801150. [PMID: 30569599 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study investigates the precise mechanism by which maternal n-3 PUFAs decrease mammary cancer risk of offspring in terms of epigenetics. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic fat-1 and wild-type C57BL/6J littermates are fed an n-6 PUFAs diet during pregnancy. Wild-genotype offspring of fat-1 mothers (fat-1 group) are compared with wild-genotype offspring of C57BL/6J mothers (control group) in breast cancer risk. Fat-1 group shows a significantly lower tumor incidence and smaller tumor volume compared with control group. n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 mothers change the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, 53 upregulated and 45 downregulated) in mammary glands of offspring. The lncRNA changes are associated with the changes of mRNA in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, especially NF-κB, Jak-STAT, and MAPK pathways. Expression of key protein in these pathways, namely p65, p60, STAT3, Jak1, and p38, are significantly inhibited in fat-1 group. In line with these results, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis are also observed in mammary epithelial of fat-1 group than control group. CONCLUSION The anticancer effect of maternal n-3 PUFAs is related to the regulation of lncRNA expression, which can further regulate the susceptibility of offspring to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomei Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengqing Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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6
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Kunle-Alabi OT, Akindele OO, Raji Y. Cocos nucifera water improves metabolic functions in offspring of high fat diet fed Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:185-194. [PMID: 28988221 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal high fat diet has been implicated in the aetiology of metabolic diseases in their offspring. The hypolipidaemic actions of Cocos nucifera water improve metabolic indices of dams consuming a high fat diet during gestation. This study investigated the effects of C. nucifera water on metabolism of offspring of dams exposed to high fat diet during gestation. METHODS Four groups of pregnant Wistar rat dams (n=6) were treated orally from Gestation Day (GD) 1 to GD 21 as follows: standard rodent feed+10 mL/kg distilled water (Control), standard rodent feed+10 mL/kg C. nucifera water, high fat feed+10 mL/kg distilled water (high fat diet), and high fat feed+10 mL/kg C. nucifera water (high fat diet+C. nucifera water). The feeds were given ad libitum and all dams received standard rodent feed after parturition. Fasting blood glucose was measured in offspring before being euthanized on Postnatal Day (PND) 120. Serum insulin, leptin, lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured. RESULTS Serum total cholesterol (TC), insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in high fat diet offspring compared with controls. Similar changes were not observed in high fat diet+C. nucifera water offspring. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the adverse effects of maternal high fat diet on offspring's metabolism can be ameliorated by C. nucifera water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufadekemi T Kunle-Alabi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi O Akindele
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yinusa Raji
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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7
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Liu J, Abdelmagid SA, Pinelli CJ, Monk JM, Liddle DM, Hillyer LM, Hucik B, Silva A, Subedi S, Wood GA, Robinson LE, Muller WJ, Ma DWL. Marine fish oil is more potent than plant-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of mammary tumors. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 55:41-52. [PMID: 29413488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis. However, evidence regarding plant-based α-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 PUFA in the Western diet, remains equivocal. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lifelong exposure to plant- or marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on pubertal mammary gland and tumor development in MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 mice. It is hypothesized that lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA reduces terminal end buds during puberty leading to delayed tumor onset, volume and multiplicity. It is further hypothesized that plant-derived n-3 PUFAs will exert dose-dependent effects. Harems of MMTV-FVB males were bred with wild-type females and fed either a (1) 10% safflower (10% SF, n-6 PUFA, control), (2) 10% flaxseed (10% FS), (3) 7% safflower plus 3% flaxseed (3% FS) or (4) 7% safflower plus 3% menhaden (3% FO) diet. Female offspring were maintained on parental diets. Compared to SF, 10% FS and 3% FO reduced (P<.05) terminal end buds at 6 weeks and tumor volume and multiplicity at 20 weeks. A dose-dependent reduction of tumor volume and multiplicity was observed in mice fed 3% and 10% FS. Antitumorigenic effects were associated with altered HER2, pHER-2, pAkt and Ki-67 protein expression. Compared to 10% SF, 3% FO significantly down-regulated expression of genes involved in eicosanoid synthesis and inflammation. From this, it can be estimated that ALA was 1/8 as potent as EPA+DHA. Thus, marine-derived n-3 PUFAs have greater potency versus plant-based n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbora Hucik
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anjali Silva
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada.
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8
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Che L, Liu P, Yang Z, Che L, Hu L, Qin L, Wang R, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Wu D. Maternal high fat intake affects the development and transcriptional profile of fetal intestine in late gestation using pig model. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:90. [PMID: 27161113 PMCID: PMC4862081 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile. Methods Eight gilts with similar age and body weight were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving the control and high fat diets (HF diet) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, with 4 gilts each group and one gilt each pen. At d 90 of gestation, two fetuses each gilt were removed by cesarean section. Intestinal samples were collected for analysis of morphology, enzyme activities and transcriptional profile. Results The results showed that feeding HF diet markedly increased the fetal weight and lactase activity, also tended to increase intestinal morphology. Porcine Oligo Microarray analysis indicated that feeding HF diet inhibited 64 % of genes (39 genes down-regulated while 22 genes up-regulated),which were related to immune response, cancer and metabolism, also markedly modified 33 signal pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, intestinal immune network for IgA production, Jak-STAT and TGF-ß signaling transductions, pathways in colorectal cancer and glycerolipid metabolism. Conclusion Collectively, it could be concluded that maternal high fat intake was able to increase fetal weight and lactase activity, however, it altered the intestinal immune response, signal transduction and metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0261-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peilin Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
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9
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Moley KH, Colditz GA. Effects of obesity on hormonally driven cancer in women. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:323ps3. [PMID: 26819193 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of numerous poor health outcomes, including cancer. Obesity is especially problematic in women because both they and their offspring may be at increased risk of cancer. Studying transmission of obesity-induced cancer risk is challenging in humans, but animal studies are beginning to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Surgery and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Huang Q, Wen J, Chen G, Ge M, Gao Y, Ye X, Liu C, Cai C. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibited Tumor Growth via Preventing the Decrease of Genomic DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Rats. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:113-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates a HER2-Associated Lipogenic Phenotype, Induces Apoptosis, and Increases Trastuzumab Action in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:838652. [PMID: 26640797 PMCID: PMC4659962 DOI: 10.1155/2015/838652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recognized as potential oncogenic stimuli that may promote malignancy. To investigate whether the oncogenic nature of lipogenesis closely depends on the overexpression of HER2 protooncogene, the normal breast cell line, HB4a, was transfected with HER2 cDNA to obtain HER2-overexpressing HB4aC5.2 cells. Both cell lines were treated with trastuzumab and docosahexaenoic acid. HER2 overexpression was accompanied by an increase in the expression of lipogenic genes involved in uptake (CD36), transport (FABP4), and storage (DGAT) of exogenous fatty acids (FA), as well as increased activation of “de novo” FA synthesis (FASN). We further investigate whether this lipogenesis reprogramming might be regulated by mTOR/PPARγ pathway. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway markers, p70S6 K1, SREBP1, and LIPIN1, as well as an increase in DEPTOR expression (the main inhibitor of the mTOR) was detected in HB4aC5.2. Based on these results, a PPARγ selective antagonist, GW9662, was used to treat both cells lines, and the lipogenic genes remained overexpressed in the HB4aC5.2 but not HB4a cells. DHA treatment inhibited all lipogenic genes (except for FABP4) in both cell lines yet only induced death in the HB4aC5.2 cells, mainly when associated with trastuzumab. Neither trastuzumab nor GW9662 alone was able to induce cell death. In conclusion, oncogenic transformation of breast cells by HER2 overexpression may require a reprogramming of lipogenic genetic that is independent of mTORC1 pathway and PPARγ activity. This reprogramming was inhibited by DHA.
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12
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Liu J, Ma DWL. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:5184-223. [PMID: 25412153 PMCID: PMC4245586 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Dietary fatty acids, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are believed to play a role in reducing BC risk. Evidence has shown that fish consumption or intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis. The evidence regarding α-linolenic acid (ALA), however, remains equivocal. It is essential to clarify the relation between ALA and cancer since ALA is the principal source of n-3 PUFA in the Western diet and the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is not efficient in humans. In addition, the specific anticancer roles of individual n-3 PUFA, alone, have not yet been identified. Therefore, the present review evaluates ALA, EPA and DHA consumed individually as well as in n-3 PUFA mixtures. Also, their role in the prevention of BC and potential anticancer mechanisms of action are examined. Overall, this review suggests that each n-3 PUFA has promising anticancer effects and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Lopes GAD, Fan WYC, Ciol H, Bidinotto LT, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Maternal western style diet increases susceptibility to chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats offspring. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1293-303. [PMID: 25333700 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether maternal exposure to western style diet (WD) increases susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in female offspring. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats received WD diet or control diet from gestational day 12 until postnatal day (PND) 21. At PND 21, female offspring received a single dose of MNU (50 mg/kg body weight) and were fed chow diet until PND 110. Mammary gland structures were assessed on whole-mount preparations in the offspring at PND 21, and tumor morphology was examined at PND 110. Immunohistochemical analysis for cell proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) was performed in mammary terminal end buds (TEBs) at PND 21, and PCNA, ER-α, and p63 analysis in mammary tumors at PND 110. Maternal WD intake induced a significant increase in the number of TEBs (P = 0.024) and in PCNA labeling index (P < 0.020) in the mammary glands at PND 21. Tumor multiplicity, tumor weight, and PCNA labeling indexes were significantly higher in the WD offspring than that of the control offspring (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that maternal western style diet potentially enhanced the development of mammary tumors induced by MNU in female offspring, possibly by affecting the mammary gland differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A D Lopes
- a Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School , São Paulo State University , São Paulo , Brazil
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Mennitti LV, Oliveira JL, Morais CA, Estadella D, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, Pisani LP. Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:99-111. [PMID: 25459884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy and/or lactation, maternal nutrition is related to the adequate development of the fetus, newborn and future adult, likely by modifications in fetal programming and epigenetic regulation. Fetal programming is characterized by adaptive responses to specific environmental conditions during early life stages, which may alter gene expression and permanently affect the structure and function of several organs and tissues, thus influencing the susceptibility to metabolic disorders. Regarding lipid metabolism during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the maternal body accumulates fat, whereas in late pregnancy, the lipolytic activity in the maternal adipose tissue is increased. However, an excess or deficiency of certain fatty acids may lead to adverse consequences to the fetuses and newborns. Fetal exposure to trans fatty acids appears to promote early deleterious effects in the offspring's health, thereby increasing the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life. Similarly, the maternal intake of saturated fatty acids seems to trigger alterations in the liver and adipose tissue function associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly long-chain PUFAs (long-chain PUFA-arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), play an important and beneficial physiologic role in the offspring who receive this fatty acid during critical periods of development. Therefore, the maternal nutritional condition and fatty acid intake during pregnancy and/or lactation are critical factors that are strongly associated with normal fetal and postnatal development, which influence the modifications in fetal programming and in the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís V Mennitti
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Carina A Morais
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil.
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Mabasa L, Cho K, Walters MW, Bae S, Park CS. Maternal dietary canola oil suppresses growth of mammary carcinogenesis in female rat offspring. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65:695-701. [PMID: 23859037 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.789539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As suggested by rodent studies and studies using human breast cancer cells, dietary canola oil is linked with lower breast cancer risk. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal (pregnancy plus lactation) dietary canola oil on the susceptibility of female Sprague-Dawley rat offspring to mammary carcinogenesis. Although the control diet had 10% soybean oil, the treatment diet was formulated to contain 10% canola oil as a fat source. N-nitroso-N-methylurea was injected to induce mammary cancer in offspring. The offspring of canola-fed dams showed significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively; P = 0.04) and tumor volume (1232.5 ± 771.0 mm(3) vs. 6,302.5 ± 1,747.4 mm(3), respectively; P = 0.01), along with increased survival rate (87% vs. 47%, respectively; P = 0.01). In addition, the mRNA expression of development-related gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 was significantly higher in the lactating mammary tissues of the canola group dams and mammary tumor tissues of the offspring [2.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.01) and 0.98 ± 0.03 vs. 0.56 ± 0.15, respectively (P = 0.05)]. These results suggest a potential anticancer effect of maternal dietary canola oil and may be useful in devising prenatal nutritional strategies to reduce breast cancer risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mabasa
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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Abstract
Epigenetic processes play a central role in regulating the tissue-specific expression of genes. Alterations in these processes can lead to profound changes in phenotype and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including human cancer. There is growing evidence that the environment, particularly variations in diet, during specific developmental periods can induce changes in the epigenome, which are then stably maintained throughout life influencing susceptibility to cancer in later life. This chapter will review the evidence that alterations in early life nutritional exposure can affect breast cancer risk through the altered epigenetic regulation of genes and discuss how detection of such altered epigenetic marks in early life may provide biomarkers to detect individuals at increased risk of disease.
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Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernandez-Vargas H, Sly PD, Biessy C, Ramakrishnan U, Romieu I, Herceg Z. Modulation of DNA methylation states and infant immune system by dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy in an intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:480-7. [PMID: 23761484 PMCID: PMC3712555 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposures to tobacco smoke and some dietary factors have been identified to induce epigenetic changes in genes involved in allergy and asthma development. Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake during pregnancy could modulate key cytokines and T helper (Th) cell maturation; however, little is known about the mechanism by which ω-3 PUFA could have a beneficial effect in preventing inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states in the infant immune system. DESIGN This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a placebo from 18 to 22 wk of gestation to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states in Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T-relevant genes as well as LINE1 repetitive elements of cord blood mononuclear cells (n = 261). RESULTS No significant difference in promoter methylation levels was shown between ω-3 PUFA-supplemented and control groups for the genes analyzed; however, ω-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with changes in methylation levels in LINE1 repetitive elements (P = 0.03) in infants of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Furthermore, an association between the promoter methylation levels of IFNγ and IL13 was modulated by ω-3 PUFA supplementation (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate global methylation levels and the Th1/Th2 balance in infants. Therefore, the epigenetic mechanisms could provide attractive targets for prenatal modulation and prevention of inflammatory disorders and potentially other related diseases in childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of breast cancer: an update and state of the science. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2013; 5:247-254. [PMID: 24073296 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-013-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The quantity and makeup of dietary fat intake are known to impact human health. Use of Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements has gained increasing attention for a variety of purported health benefits, including cancer prevention. Preclinical evidence has been encouraging and recent studies have expanded our understanding of the mechanisms by which ω-3 PUFAs may protect against breast cancer. However, epidemiologic studies have yielded mixed results. Recent population studies have attempted to delineate factors that may influence the effects of ω-3 PUFAs such as total fat intake and the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFA intake. Several clinical trials, including some currently ongoing, are investigating novel strategies that favorably alter endogenous fatty acid profiles in an effort to develop clinically feasible prevention methods. Identification of well-defined subpopulations that are most likely to benefit from a targeted prevention approach will likely be crucial in this effort.
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Yang T, Fang S, Zhang HX, Xu LX, Zhang ZQ, Yuan KT, Xue CL, Yu HL, Zhang S, Li YF, Shi HP, Zhang Y. N-3 PUFAs have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on human colorectal cancer stem-like cells in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:744-53. [PMID: 22854319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to inhibit the induction and progression of many kinds of tumor and to increase the therapeutic effects of numerous chemotherapeutics, but their anticancer effect on cancer stem cells from colorectal cancer has not been described previously. In the present study, we cultivated spheres from the SW620 cell line in serum-free medium and evaluated the features of the spheres by immunofluorescence, cell cycle distribution, resistance to chemotherapeutics and soft agar clone formation, and the spheres were shown to be cancer stem-like cells through tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of pluripotency genes, such as Sox-2, Oct-4 and Bmi-1, showed that the spheres were generated by dedifferentiation of SW620 cells. The study explored the use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in spheres, which were treated with two n-3 PUFAs [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)]. Treatment of the spheres with DHA and EPA alone or in combination for 72 h led to apoptosis and the progressive loss of viability and DNA fragmentation and an increase in annexin V expression. DHA and EPA can enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity effect of 5-Fu and mitomycin C, especially DHA combined with EPA. Taken together, these results provide evidence that n-3 PUFAs exert a direct anticancer action that may contribute to their antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on the cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Estimates suggest up to 35% of cases may be preventable through diet and lifestyle modification. Growing research on the role of fats in human health suggests that early exposure in life to specific fatty acids, when tissues are particularly sensitive to their environment, can have long-term health impacts. The present review examines the role of dietary fat in mammary gland development and breast cancer throughout the lifecycle. Overall, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have promising cancer-preventive effects when introduced early in life, and warrant further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action.
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