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Remus A, Hauschild L, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Andretta I, Pomar C. Feeding behavior of growing and finishing pigs fed different dietary threonine levels in a group-phase feeding and individual precision feeding system. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa177. [PMID: 33196014 PMCID: PMC7648131 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is an important aspect of pig husbandry as it can affect protein deposition (PD) in pigs. A decrease in plasma threonine (Thr) levels may influence feed intake (FI) due to amino acid imbalance. We set out to study whether different Thr inclusion rates of 70%, 85%, 100%, 115%, and 130% of the ideal Thr:lysine (Lys) ratio of 0.65 in two different feeding programs (individual precision feeding and group-phase feeding could affect pig feeding behavior and consequently PD. Two 21-d trials were performed in a 2 × 5 factorial setup (feeding systems × Thr levels) with 110 pigs in the growing phase [25.0 ± 0.8 kg of body weight (BW)] and 110 pigs in the finishing phase (110.0 ± 7.0 kg BW), which correspond to 11 pigs per treatment in each trial. Pigs were housed in the same room and fed using computerized feeding stations. The total lean content was estimated by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the beginning (day 1) and the end (day 21) of the trial. Multivariate exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify related variables. Confirmatory analysis was performed by orthogonal contrasts and Pearson correlation analysis. Graphical analysis showed no difference in feeding patterns between feeding systems during the growing or finishing phase. Pigs exhibited a predominant diurnal feeding, with most meals (73% on average) consumed between 0600 and 1800 h. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that feeding behavior was not related to growth performance or PD in growing or finishing pigs. Changes in feeding behavior were observed during the growing phase, where increasing dietary Thr resulted in a linear increase in the FI rate (P < 0.05). During the finishing phase, the duration of the meal and FI rate increased linearly as dietary Thr increased in the diet (P < 0.05). These changes in feeding behavior are, however, correlated to BW. In conclusion, the exploratory factor analysis indicated that feeding behavior had no correlation with growth performance or protein and lipid deposition in growing or finishing pigs. Dietary Thr levels and feeding systems had no direct effect on FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Remus
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luciano Hauschild
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Andretta
- School of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Candido Pomar
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Gatrell SK, Magnuson AD, Barcus M, Lei XG. Graded levels of a defatted green microalgae inclusion in diets for broiler chicks led to moderate up-regulation of protein synthesis pathway in the muscle and liver. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ekmay R, Gatrell S, Lum K, Kim J, Lei XG. Nutritional and metabolic impacts of a defatted green marine microalgal (Desmodesmus sp.) biomass in diets for weanling pigs and broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9783-9791. [PMID: 25213873 DOI: 10.1021/jf501155n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional and metabolic impacts of defatted green microalgal (Desmodesmus sp.) biomass (DGM), protease, and nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase) in diets for weanling pigs and broiler chicks. Pigs fed 10% DGM for 28 days had growth performance comparable to the controls, but 23-39% lower (P < 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentrations. Broilers fed 15% DGM had 16% greater (P < 0.05) gain/feed efficiency than the control (0.78 vs 0.67) over the 42 day period. Supplemental protease (0.06%) decreased (P < 0.03) plasma uric acid concentrations in pigs on day 14, whereas supplemental NSPase showed negative effects in broilers. Dietary inclusions of DGM or enzymes altered (P < 0.05-0.1) hepatic and muscle protein levels of key regulators in the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, weanling pigs and broiler chicks tolerated dietary inclusions of 10 and 15% DGM, respectively, and adding protease might help digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ekmay
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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