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Balakrishnan B, Selvaraju V, Chen J, Ayine P, Yang L, Ramesh Babu J, Geetha T, Taneja V. Ethnic variability associating gut and oral microbiome with obesity in children. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33596768 PMCID: PMC7894456 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1882926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide problem that generally starts in the early years of life and affects minorities more often than Whites. Thus, there is an urgency to determine factors that can be used as targets as indicators of obesity. In this study, we attempt to generate a profile of gut and oral microbial clades predictive of disease status in African American (AA) and European American (EA) children. 16S rDNA sequencing of the gut and saliva microbial profiles were correlated with salivary amylase, socioeconomic factors (e.g., education and family income), and obesity in both ethnic populations. Gut and oral microbial diversity between AA and EA children showed significant differences in alpha-, beta-, and taxa-level diversity. While gut microbial diversity between obese and non-obese was not evident in EA children, the abundance of gut Klebsiella and Magasphaera was associated with obesity in AA children. In contrast, an abundance of oral Aggregatibacter and Eikenella in obese EA children was observed. These observations suggest an ethnicity-specific association with gut and oral microbial profiles. Socioeconomic factors influenced microbiota in obesity, which were ethnicity dependent, suggesting that specific approaches to confront obesity are required for both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Priscilla Ayine
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA,Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA,Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA,Thangiah Geetha Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,CONTACT Veena Taneja Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SWRochester, MN55905, USA
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Aoyama N, Fujii T, Kida S, Nozawa I, Taniguchi K, Fujiwara M, Iwane T, Tamaki K, Minabe M. Association of Periodontal Status, Number of Teeth, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020208. [PMID: 33435628 PMCID: PMC7827095 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown an association between obesity and periodontitis, but the precise relationship between these conditions has yet to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare the status of periodontitis, tooth loss, and obesity. Participants comprised 235 patients at the Center for Medical and Dental Collaboration in Kanagawa Dental University Hospital between 2018 and 2020. Clinical examinations such as blood testing, body composition analysis, periodontal measurement, assessment of chewing ability, salivary testing, and oral malodor analysis were performed. Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was significantly associated with the number of teeth and body mass index (BMI). The number of teeth was negatively associated with age, but positively with chewing ability. Chewing ability was associated negatively with age, and positively with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The level of methyl-mercaptan in breath and protein and leukocyte scores from salivary testing were positively associated with PISA. The rate of insufficient chewing ability was increased in subjects with hemoglobin (Hb)A1c ≥ 7%. The high PISA group showed increased hsCRP. BMI as an obesity marker was positively associated with PISA, indicating periodontal inflammation. Chewing ability was related to serum markers such as HbA1c and hsCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Aoyama
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (T.F.); (S.K.); (K.T.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-46-845-3160
| | - Toshiya Fujii
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (T.F.); (S.K.); (K.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Sayuri Kida
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (T.F.); (S.K.); (K.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Ichirota Nozawa
- Division of Prosthodontic Dentistry for Function of TMJ and Occlusion, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (I.N.); (M.F.); (K.T.)
| | - Kentaro Taniguchi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (T.F.); (S.K.); (K.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Motoki Fujiwara
- Division of Prosthodontic Dentistry for Function of TMJ and Occlusion, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (I.N.); (M.F.); (K.T.)
| | - Taizo Iwane
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan;
| | - Katsushi Tamaki
- Division of Prosthodontic Dentistry for Function of TMJ and Occlusion, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (I.N.); (M.F.); (K.T.)
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; (T.F.); (S.K.); (K.T.); (M.M.)
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