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Kim OK, Yun JM, Lee M, Park SJ, Kim D, Oh DH, Kim HS, Lee J. Effects of a Mixture of Humulus japonicus on Longitudinal Bone Growth in Hypophysectomized Rats. J Med Food 2021; 24:497-504. [PMID: 34009019 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the administration of a mixture of Humulus japonicus (MH) increased the longitudinal bone growth rate in Sprague Dawley rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of the dietary administration of MH on longitudinal bone growth in growth hormone (GH)-deficient hypophysectomized male and female rats to determine whether the effect of MH was similar to that of GH. We measured the nose-to-anus and nose-to-tail length gain, femur and tibia lengths, growth plate zones, and expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) after the dietary administration of MH or the injection of GH into hypophysectomized rats for 4 weeks. Results demonstrated that the dietary administration of MH had no effect on longitudinal bone growth, whereas the injection of GH increased the nose-to-tail length gain and femur and tibia lengths in hypophysectomized rats. In addition, MH did not affect the growth plate, bone mineralization, and expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. These findings indicate that MH does not exert a GH-like effect and that the effects of MH and GH on longitudinal bone growth involve different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong Hwan Oh
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ushakov RE, Skvortsova EV, Vitte MA, Vassilieva IO, Shatrova AN, Kotova AV, Kenis VM, Burova EB. Chondrogenic differentiation followed IGFBP3 loss in human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Poreba E, Durzynska J. Nuclear localization and actions of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system components: Transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108307. [PMID: 32430099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system stimulates growth, proliferation, and regulates differentiation of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It is composed of two insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and two insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF actions take place mostly through the activation of the plasma membrane-bound IGF-Rs by the circulating ligands (IGFs) released from the IGFBPs that stabilize their levels in the serum. This review focuses on the IGF-1 part of the system. The IGF-1 gene, which is expressed mainly in the liver as well as in other tissues, comprises six alternatively spliced exons that code for three protein isoforms (pro-IGF-1A, pro-IGF-1B, and pro-IGF-1C), which are processed to mature IGF-1 and E-peptides. The IGF-1R undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in a signaling cascade involving numerous cytoplasmic proteins such as AKT and MAPKs, which regulate the expression of target genes. However, a more complex picture of the axis has recently emerged with all its components being translocated to the nuclear compartment. IGF-1R takes part in the regulation of gene expression by forming transcription complexes, modifying the activity of chromatin remodeling proteins, and participating in DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. Four IGFBPs contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which targets them to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6) and DNA damage repair (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6). Last but not least, the IGF-1B isoform has been reported to be localized in the nuclear compartment. However, no specific molecular actions have been assigned to the nuclear pro-IGF-1B or its derivative EB peptide. Therefore, further studies are needed to shed light on their nuclear activity. These recently uncovered nuclear actions of different components of the IGF-1 axis are relevant in cancer cell biology and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Julovi SM, Martin JL, Baxter RC. Nuclear Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 As a Biomarker in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Tumors: Effect of Targeted Therapy and Comparison With Chemotherapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:120. [PMID: 29623068 PMCID: PMC5874320 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) typically has a worse outcome than other breast cancer subtypes, in part owing to a lack of approved therapeutic targets or prognostic markers. We have previously described an oncogenic pathway in basal-like TNBC cells, initiated by insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), in which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is transactivated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) resulting from sphingosine kinase (SphK)-1 activation. Oncogenic IGFBP-3 signaling can be targeted by combination treatment with the S1P receptor modulator and SphK inhibitor, fingolimod, and the EGFR kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (F + G). However, the interaction of this treatment with chemotherapy has not been documented. Since we observed nuclear localization of IGFBP-3 in some TNBC tumors, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of nuclear IGFBP-3 in pre-clinical models of basal-like TNBC treated with F + G and doxorubicin. Orthotopic xenograft tumors were grown in nude mice from the human basal-like TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806, and were treated with gefitinib, 25 mg/Kg, plus fingolimod, 5 mg/Kg, 3-times weekly. In some studies, doxorubicin was also administered once weekly for 6 weeks. Tumor tissue proteins were quantitated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Interaction between doxorubicin and F + G was also studied in proliferation assays in vitro. In both tumor models, tissue staining for IGFBP-3 was predominantly nuclear. Combination of F + G significantly enhanced mouse survival, decreased nuclear IGFBP-3 and Ki67 staining, and increased apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) staining. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a high tumor IGFBP-3 IHC score (>median), like a high Ki67 score, was significantly associated with shorter survival time, whereas a high apoptosis score was associated with prolonged survival. Studied in vitro in both cell lines, low-dose doxorubicin that had little effect alone, strongly enhanced the cytostatic effect of low-dose F + G combination. However, in both in vivo models, doxorubicin at maximum-tolerated dose neither inhibited tumor growth when administered alone, nor enhanced the significant inhibitory effect of F + G. We conclude that doxorubicin may not add benefit to the inhibitory effect of F + G unless its dose-limiting toxicity can be overcome. Nuclear IGFBP-3 appears to have potential as a prognostic marker in TNBC and could be evaluated for clinical utility.
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Wei Z, Li HH. IGFBP-3 may trigger osteoarthritis by inducing apoptosis of chondrocytes through Nur77 translocation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15599-15610. [PMID: 26884829 PMCID: PMC4730042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is not an uncommon disease worldwide and it is characterized by chondrocytes apoptosis in articular cartilages. Previous researches had discovered that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was abundant inside the osteoarthritic cartilages and the more IGFBP-3, the worse of osteoarthritis. However, there is still little knowledge of the association between the onset of osteoarthritis and the yield of IGFBP-3 in cartilages. In consideration of the apoptotic effect of IGFBP-3 on other types of cells, we had hypothesized that IGFBP-3 may induce the chondrocytes apoptosis, which was highly considered as the origin of the osteoarthritis. Exposing the cultured chondrocytes to exogenous recombinant IGFBP-3, we were able to observed the apoptotic chondrocytes under microscope and figured out an increased proportion (P<0.05) of them by both CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Under laser confocal microscope, we also found that the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by IGFBP-3 were committed to the nucleus-mitochondria translocation of Nur77, which is nuclear protein, and this phenomena was similar as the one described in malignant cells only. In conclusion, our work suggested that IGFBP-3 may trigger osteoarthritis by inducing the chondrocytes apoptotic through nucleus-mitochondria translocation of Nur77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao-Huan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Baxter RC. Nuclear actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Gene 2015; 569:7-13. [PMID: 26074086 PMCID: PMC4496269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its actions outside the cell, cellular uptake and nuclear import of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been recognized for almost two decades, but knowledge of its nuclear actions has been slow to emerge. IGFBP-3 has a functional nuclear localization signal and interacts with the nuclear transport protein importin-β. Within the nucleus IGFBP-3 appears to have a role in transcriptional regulation. It can bind to the nuclear receptor, retinoid X receptor-α and several of its dimerization partners, including retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). These interactions modulate the functions of these receptors, for example inhibiting VDR-dependent transcription in osteoblasts and PPARγ-dependent transcription in adipocytes. Nuclear IGFBP-3 can be detected by immunohistochemistry in cancer and other tissues, and its presence in the nucleus has been shown in many cell culture studies to be necessary for its pro-apoptotic effect, which may also involve interaction with the nuclear receptor Nur77, and export from the nucleus. IGFBP-3 is p53-inducible and in response to DNA damage, forms a complex with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), translocating to the nucleus to interact with DNA-dependent protein kinase. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity or downregulation of IGFBP-3 can inhibit DNA double strand-break repair by nonhomologous end joining. IGFBP-3 thus has the ability to influence many cell functions through its interactions with intranuclear pathways, but the importance of these interactions in vivo, and their potential to be targeted for therapeutic benefit, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Level 8, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Jang DH, Choi Y, Choi YS, Kim SM, Kwak H, Shin SH, Hong S. Sensitive and selective analysis of a wide concentration range of IGFBP7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:887-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hooshmand S, Juma S, Khalil DA, Shamloufard P, Arjmandi BH. Women with Osteoarthritis have Elevated Synovial Fluid Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-Binding Protein-3. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014; 36:284-94. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2014.947431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Evans DS, Cailotto F, Parimi N, Valdes AM, Castaño-Betancourt MC, Liu Y, Kaplan RC, Bidlingmaier M, Vasan RS, Teumer A, Tranah GJ, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Orwoll ES, Barrett-Connor E, Renner JB, Jordan JM, Doherty M, Doherty SA, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Spector TD, Lories RJ, Lane NE. Genome-wide association and functional studies identify a role for IGFBP3 in hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1861-7. [PMID: 24928840 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify genetic associations with hip osteoarthritis (HOA), we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HOA. METHODS The GWAS meta-analysis included approximately 2.5 million imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). HOA cases and controls defined radiographically and by total hip replacement were selected from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (654 cases and 4697 controls, combined). Replication of genome-wide significant SNP associations (p ≤5×10(-8)) was examined in five studies (3243 cases and 6891 controls, combined). Functional studies were performed using in vitro models of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. RESULTS The A allele of rs788748, located 65 kb upstream of the IGFBP3 gene, was associated with lower HOA odds at the genome-wide significance level in the discovery stage (OR 0.71, p=2×10(-8)). The association replicated in five studies (OR 0.92, p=0.020), but the joint analysis of discovery and replication results was not genome-wide significant (p=1×10(-6)). In separate study populations, the rs788748 A allele was also associated with lower circulating IGFBP3 protein levels (p=4×10(-13)), suggesting that this SNP or a variant in linkage disequilibrium could be an IGFBP3 regulatory variant. Results from functional studies were consistent with association results. Chondrocyte hypertrophy, a deleterious event in OA pathogenesis, was largely prevented upon IGFBP3 knockdown in chondrocytes. Furthermore, IGFBP3 overexpression induced cartilage catabolism and osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Results from GWAS and functional studies provided suggestive links between IGFBP3 and HOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frederic Cailotto
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martha C Castaño-Betancourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Youfang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, London, UK Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael C Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jordan B Renner
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally A Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy E Lane
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Li J, Jin D, Fu S, Mei G, Zhou J, Lei L, Yu B, Wang G. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 modulates osteoblast differentiation via interaction with vitamin D receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:632-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gasparini G, De Gori M, Paonessa F, Chiefari E, Brunetti A, Galasso O. Functional relationship between high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R207. [PMID: 23036517 PMCID: PMC3580519 DOI: 10.1186/ar4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulates articular cartilage homeostasis. During osteoarthritis (OA), the anabolic responses of chondrocytes to IGF-I are likely to be prevented by the enhanced production of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), especially IGFBP-3. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the architectural transcription factor high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) influences IGFBP-3 overexpression in vitro, in cultured chondrocytic cell lines, and ex vivo, in human osteoarthritic cartilage compared to healthy human cartilage controls. Methods Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess the relative transcript levels of HMGA1 and IGFBP-3 in vitro, in the human chondrocytic cell lines T/C-28a4 and C-28/I2. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transient transfection assays were performed to investigate the HMGA1-IGFBP-3 gene interaction. Samples of articular cartilage were harvested from osteoarthritic patients and controls and analyzed by qRT-PCR for HMGA1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels. Results A parallelism between HMGA1 protein levels and IGFBP-3 gene expression has been observed in T/C-28a4 and C-28/I2 cells. The interaction of HMGA1 with the IGFBP-3 gene promoter has been demonstrated by EMSA and ChIP. In transient transfections, IGFBP-3 promoter activity increased in cells overexpressing HMGA1 and decreased in cells pretreated with siRNA detected against HMGA1. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was higher in cartilage from patients with OA, where the increased expression of IGFBP-3 closely paralleled the increased expression of HMGA1 mRNA. Conclusions Our observations indicate that increased HMGA1 expression in human chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of IGFBP-3. It is tempting to speculate that, through the regulation of IGFBP3 expression, HMGA1 may act as a pathogenetic factor for OA.
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Weimer A, Madry H, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Frisch J, Wezel A, Jung J, Kohn D, Terwilliger EF, Trippel SB, Cucchiarini M. Benefits of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) overexpression for the long-term reconstruction of human osteoarthritic cartilage by modulation of the IGF-I axis. Mol Med 2012; 18:346-58. [PMID: 22160392 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of therapeutic genes to human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage is a potential approach to generate effective, durable treatments against this slow, progressive disorder. Here, we tested the ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated overexpression of human insulinlike growth factor (hIGF)-I to reproduce an original surface in human OA cartilage in light of the pleiotropic activities of the factor. We examined the proliferative, survival and anabolic effects of the rAAV-hIGF-I treatment in primary human normal and OA chondrocytes in vitro and in explant cultures in situ compared with control (reporter) vector delivery. Efficient, prolonged IGF-I secretion via rAAV stimulated the biological activities of OA chondrocytes in all the systems evaluated over extended periods of time, especially in situ, where it allowed for the long-term reconstruction of OA cartilage (at least for 90 d). Remarkably, production of high, stable amounts of IGF-I in OA cartilage using rAAV advantageously modulated the expression of central effectors of the IGF-I axis by downregulating IGF-I inhibitors (IGF binding protein [IGFBP]-3 and IGFBP4) while up-regulating key potentiators (IGFBP5, the IGF-I receptor and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [MAPK/ERK-1/2] and phosphatidylinisitol-3/Akt [PI3K/Akt] signal transduction pathways), probably explaining the enhanced responsiveness of OA cartilage to IGF-I treatment. These findings show the benefits of directly providing an IGF-I sequence to articular cartilage via rAAV for the future treatment of human osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Weimer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Galasso O, De Gori M, Nocera A, Brunetti A, Gasparini G. Regulatory Functions of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Osteoarthritis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:55-9. [DOI: 10.1177/03946320110241s211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a group of secreted proteins, which bind to IGF-I (and IGF-II) with high affinity and modulate the biological actions of IGFs. Abundant evidence points the importance of the IGF-I/IGFBP system on both cell growth and differentiation. A role for the IGF-I/IGFBP system in the regulation of normal human cartilage has been previously reported. In this context, recent studies suggest an emerging role for IGFBPs in the failure of cartilage during osteoarthritis (OA). Indeed, increased IGFBP levels have been reported in both the articular cartilage and synovial fluid from patients with OA. Overexpression of IGFBPs, by altering the bioavailability and function of IGFs, is likely to deliver IGFs-independent signals for chondrocyte survival. This, at least in part, might explain the degenerative changes of the cartilage in OA. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms that cause the overexpression of IGFBPs in patients with OA. Advances in our understanding of the relationship between osteoarthritis and the IGF-I/IGFBP system may lead to new treatment strategies for this degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Galasso
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University “Magna Græcia”of Catanzaro, V.le Europa (Loc. Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M. De Gori
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University “Magna Græcia”of Catanzaro, V.le Europa (Loc. Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A. Nocera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”of Catanzaro, V.le Europa (Loc. Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A. Brunetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”of Catanzaro, V.le Europa (Loc. Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G. Gasparini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University “Magna Græcia”of Catanzaro, V.le Europa (Loc. Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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O'Shea TM, Miao X. Bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 14:447-64. [PMID: 18844605 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that places a significant burden on the socioeconomic efficacy of communities around the world. Tissue engineering repair of articular cartilage in synovial joints represents a potential OA treatment strategy superior to current surgical techniques. In particular, osteochondral tissue engineering, which promotes the simultaneous regeneration of articular cartilage and underlining subchondral bone, may be a clinically relevant approach toward impeding OA progression. The unique and complex functional demands of the two contrasting tissues that comprise osteochondral tissue require the use of bilayered scaffolds to promote individual growth of both on a single integrated implant. This paper reviews the three current bilayered scaffold strategies applied to solve this challenging problem, with a focus on the need for an innovative approach to design and fabrication of new optimized scaffold combinations to reinforce materials science as an important element of osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M O'Shea
- School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Sun T, Hunziker EB, Morales TI. Subcellular distribution of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2 and 3 in articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2008; 26:1421-7. [PMID: 18418889 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a major anabolic regulator in articular cartilage. The IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are increased during osteoarthritis (OA), but the function of the later proteins remains unknown. In general, the IGFBPs are pluripotential effectors capable of IGF regulation and of acting on their own to control key cell functions, including survival and proliferation. The independent functions are often associated with their cell location, and therefore this study explores the distribution of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in articular chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize IGFBP-2 in normal human articular cartilage. Bovine chondrocytes were used for subcellular fractionation (hypotonic cell lysis) under nonreducing conditions and nuclear purification (centrifugation on sucrose cushions). Cell fraction markers and IGFBPs were assayed in the subcellular fractions by Western immunoblot. The IHC results showed association of IGFBP-2 with chondrocytes, but not with the nuclei. Subcellular fractionation of isolated chondrocytes yielded intact nuclei as assessed at the light microscopic level; the nuclear marker histone H1 was exclusively associated with this fraction. More than 90% of the cytoplasmic marker GAPDH and all the detectable IGFBP-2 were in the cytoplasmic fraction. Immunoreactive IGFBP-3 was found in the cytoplasmic and peri-nuclear/nuclear fractions. Chondrocytes contain intracellular IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 but only IGFBP-3 is associated with nuclei. This suggests the hypothesis that the actions of these IGFBPs in articular cartilage extend beyond the classic modulation of IGF receptor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezheng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Morales T. The quantitative and functional relation between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins during human osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2008; 26:465-74. [PMID: 18050312 PMCID: PMC2988493 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A previous hypothesis stated that during osteoarthritis (OA) increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) sequester IGFs and limit their access to the cell. The objective of this article was to test this by: (1) quantifying IGF and IGFBP-3 as well as their ratios in human OA cartilages, and (2) measuring the metabolic responses of diseased cartilage to IGF-I and its IGFBP-insensitive analogs. Knee or hip OA cartilages were staged for OA by histology. Cartilage slices were either extracted for assays of IGF proteins, or maintained intact as organ cultures. Proteoglycan (PG) metabolism +/- IGFs was measured by use of the (35)S-sulfate precursor. IGFBP-3 (ng/mg protein) was weakly correlated with OA score by regression analysis (R(2) = 0.122; p = 0.040; n = 35). IGF-I (ng/mg protein) was constant across all OA groups (ANOVA; p = .428, n = 18) and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratios were > 1 in most samples. All OA cartilages responded to hrIGF-I by increasing PG synthesis [average 2.29-fold +/- 0.55 (+/-SD) at saturation, n = 12] irrespective of OA score. The des (1-3) IGF-I analog (which lacks the three N-terminal amino acids) had similar maximal effects (average 2.23-fold stimulation +/- 0.71, n = 10), but it was more effective in two out of three samples at suboptimal doses. The effect of hrIGF-I, des (1-3) IGF-I, or the B-chain analog on degradation was minimal. In summary, catabolism was insensitive to IGF-I, and this was probably not due to IGFBPs. By contrast, IGF-I exerted a robust stimulation of anabolism at sufficiently high doses, even though IGFBPs could tone down the ligand effect at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.I. Morales
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. USA
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