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Manfredi JM, Jacob SI, Boger BL, Norton EM. A one-health approach to identifying and mitigating the impact of endocrine disorders on human and equine athletes. Am J Vet Res 2022; 84:ajvr.22.11.0194. [PMID: 36563063 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.11.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endocrinopathies affect multiple species in ever-increasing percentages of their populations, creating an opportunity to apply one-health approaches to determining creative preventative measures and therapies in athletes. Obesity and alterations in insulin and glucose dynamics are medical concerns that play a role in whole-body health and homeostasis in both horses and humans. The role and impact of endocrine disorders on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems are of particular interest to the athlete. Elucidation of both physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in disease processes, starting in utero, is important for development of prevention and treatment strategies for the health and well-being of all species. This review focuses on the unrecognized effects of endocrine disorders associated with the origins of metabolic disease; inflammation at the intersection of endocrine disease and related diseases in the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems; novel interventions; and diagnostics that are informed via multiomic and one-health approaches. Readers interested in further details on specific equine performance conditions associated with endocrine disease are invited to read the companion Currents in One Health by Manfredi et al, JAVMA, February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Manfredi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Sarah I Jacob
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Brooke L Boger
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Elaine M Norton
- Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Zaki S, Blaker CL, Little CB. OA foundations - experimental models of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:357-380. [PMID: 34536528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognised as a disease of diverse phenotypes with variable clinical presentation, progression, and response to therapeutic intervention. This same diversity is readily apparent in the many animal models of OA. However, model selection, study design, and interpretation of resultant findings, are not routinely done in the context of the target human (or veterinary) patient OA sub-population or phenotype. This review discusses the selection and use of animal models of OA in discovery and therapeutic-development research. Beyond evaluation of the different animal models on offer, this review suggests focussing the approach to OA-animal model selection on study objective(s), alignment of available models with OA-patient sub-types, and the resources available to achieve valid and translatable results. How this approach impacts model selection is discussed and an experimental design checklist for selecting the optimal model(s) is proposed. This approach should act as a guide to new researchers and a reminder to those already in the field, as to issues that need to be considered before embarking on in vivo pre-clinical research. The ultimate purpose of using an OA animal model is to provide the best possible evidence if, how, when and where a molecule, pathway, cell or process is important in clinical disease. By definition this requires both model and study outcomes to align with and be predictive of outcomes in patients. Keeping this at the forefront of research using pre-clinical OA models, will go a long way to improving the quality of evidence and its translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
| | - C L Blaker
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia; Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, At Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
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Martinez RE, Leatherwood JL, Arnold CE, Glass KG, Walter KW, Valigura HC, Norton SA, White-Springer SH. Responses to an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge following dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in young horses. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6383485. [PMID: 34619765 PMCID: PMC8557629 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention may be a valuable strategy to optimize the intra-articular environment in young horses to prolong their performance career. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would reduce markers of joint inflammation and increase markers of cartilage metabolism following a single inflammatory insult, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1.0 mo) were balanced by age, sex, body weight (BW), and farm of origin and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: 1.25% BW/d (dry matter basis) custom-formulated concentrate only (CON; n = 9) or concentrate top-dressed with 21 g/d S. cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; n = 10) for 98 d. Horses had ad libitum access to Coastal bermudagrass hay. On day 84, one randomly selected radial carpal joint from each horse was injected with 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution. The remaining carpal joint was injected with sterile lactated Ringer’s solution as a contralateral control. Synovial fluid obtained before supplementation (day 0) and on day 84 at preinjection hour 0 and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h postinjection was analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypropeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C) by commercial assays. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, carpal surface temperature, and carpal circumference were recorded prior to each sample collection and for 24 h postinjection. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures. From day 0 to 84, synovial C2C declined (P ≤ 0.01) and the CPII:C2C ratio increased (P ≤ 0.01) in all horses with no effect of diet. In response to intra-articular LPS, synovial PGE2 increased by hour 6 (P ≤ 0.01) and returned to baseline by hour 336; CPII increased by hour 12, remained elevated through hour 168 (P ≤ 0.01), and returned to baseline by hour 336; and C2C increased by hour 6 (P ≤ 0.01) but did not return to baseline through hour 336 (P ≤ 0.01). Post-intra-articular injection, PGE2 levels were lower in SCFP than CON horses (P = 0.01) regardless of injection type. Synovial CPII and the CPII:C2C ratio demonstrated stability during the LPS challenge in SCFP compared with CON horses (P ≤ 0.01). Clinical parameters were not influenced by diet but increased in response to repeated arthrocentesis (P ≤ 0.01). Dietary SCFP may favorably modulate intra-articular inflammation following an acute stressor and influence cartilage turnover in young horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Martinez
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jessica L Leatherwood
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Carolyn E Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kati G Glass
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kelly W Walter
- Department of Agricultural Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Hannah C Valigura
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Sarah H White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:391-398. [PMID: 31596508 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) of the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints occurs commonly. Synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers of collagen and bone turnover have potential clinical value. OBJECTIVES To measure SF biomarker concentrations from DIT and TMT joints in adult horses and determine if they correlate with radiographic OA severity and are higher in joints with radiographic OA compared to controls. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Radiographic OA of DIT and TMT joints was evaluated from adult horses (5-35 years old). Overall radiographic scores divided horses into those with mild or moderate radiographic OA (16 joints from 9 horses) or controls (13 joints from 9 horses). Direct biomarkers of OA (Carboxypropeptide of type II collagen = CPII, carboxy-neoepitope of type II collagen exposed after collagenase-cleavage = C2C, Bone alkaline phosphatase = BAP and Chondroitin sulfate epitope = CS846) were measured via ELISA and CPII/C2C was calculated. Biomarkers were correlated with radiographic findings and concentrations from those with radiographic OA to control joints and were compared. RESULTS Concentrations of CPII (R = 0.84, P<0.001), C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) and BAP (R = 0.41, P = 0.03) as well as CPII/C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) values positively correlated with overall radiographic scores. Adjusted means ± s.d., after controlling for age, for CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P<0.001), CPII/C2C (P = 0.004) and BAP (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in DIT and TMT joints with radiographic OA (CPII: 2174.45 ± 1064.01; C2C: 233.52 ± 51.187; CPII/C2C: 9.01 ± 4.09; BAP: 21.98 ± 15.34) compared to controls (CPII: 594.53 ± 463.05; C2C: 153.12 ± 48.95; CPII/C2C: 3.96 ± 2.38; BAP: 12.76 ± 3.61). CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P = 0.001) and CPII/C2C (P = 0.001) were significantly higher with moderate radiographic OA (CPII: 2444.61 ± 772.78; C2C: 248.90 ± 44.94; CPII/C2C: 9.47 ± 2.97) compared to controls (CPII: 658.38 ± 417.36; C2C: 156.49 ± 47.61; CPII/C2C: 4.15 ± 2.04), with CPII also showing significantly higher concentrations (P = 0.04) with mild radiographic OA compared (1515.00 ± 584.95) to controls (658.38 ± 417.36). There were no differences in CS846 concentrations between radiographic OA and control joints. Age positively correlated with CPII (R = 0.48, P = 0.01) and C2C (R = 0.44, P = 0.02) concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Radiographic OA was assessed, not clinical lameness. Controls were not age-matched to those with spontaneous radiographic OA. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between collagen (CPII, C2C and CPII/C2C) and bone (BAP) biomarkers and radiographic OA in the distal tarsal joints of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Coppelman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F H David
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - N S Ernst
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - T N Trumble
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Kahn MK, Coverdale JA, Leatherwood JL, Arnold CE, Dabareiner RA, Bradbery AN, Millican AA, Welsh TH. Age-related effects on markers of inflammation and cartilage metabolism in response to an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge in horses. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:671-680. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jackson BF, Reed SR, Price JS, Verheyen KLP. Relationship between serum biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism and joint injury in young Thoroughbred racehorses in training. Am J Vet Res 2016. [PMID: 26207965 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.8.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare serum concentrations of biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism between racehorses with a carpal or metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal (ie, fetlock) joint injury and matched uninjured control horses, determine changes in biomarker concentrations following joint injury, and establish the biomarkers' diagnostic test performance. ANIMALS 50 Thoroughbred racehorses with a carpal or fetlock joint injury and 50 matched uninjured horses (control horses). PROCEDURES Serum concentrations of 2 cartilage synthesis biomarkers (carboxy-terminal propeptide of type II collagen [CPII] and chondroitin sulfate epitope 846 [CS846]), 2 cartilage degradation biomarkers (neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type II collagen [C2C] and cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide fragments of type II collagen [CTX-II]), and serum activity of a bone formation marker (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP]) were measured around the time of injury diagnosis and monthly thereafter for as long as possible. RESULTS Injured horses as a group and horses specifically with fetlock joint injuries had significantly lower serum CPII concentrations and significantly higher serum BAP activities than matched control horses. Concentrations of CTX-II were decreased between 2 and 4 months following joint injury. Measurement of CPII concentration at baseline could distinguish between injured horses and control horses with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 50%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although significant differences in specific biomarker concentrations between horses with carpal and fetlock joint injuries and matched control horses were identified, there was no convincing evidence of the suitability of these biomarkers as diagnostic or prognostic tools in a clinical setting.
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Kumahashi N, Swärd P, Larsson S, Lohmander LS, Frobell R, Struglics A. Type II collagen C2C epitope in human synovial fluid and serum after knee injury--associations with molecular and structural markers of injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1506-12. [PMID: 25937025 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate in a cross-sectional study time-dependent changes of synovial fluid type II collagen epitope C2C concentrations after knee injury and correlate to other joint injury biomarkers. METHODS Synovial fluid samples were aspirated between 0 days and 7 years after injury (n = 235). Serum was collected from 71 of the knee injured patients. Synovial fluid from 8 knee-healthy subjects was used as reference. C2C was quantified by immunoassay and structural injury was determined from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the injured knee acquired 1-38 days after injury (n = 98). Additional joint injury biomarker results were from earlier investigations of the same samples. RESULTS Synovial fluid C2C concentrations were higher in injured knees than in knees of reference subjects from 1 day up to 7 years after injury. C2C concentrations in synovial fluid and serum were correlated (r = 0.403, P < 0.001). In synovial fluid from subjects early after injury (0-33 days), C2C concentrations were correlated with cross-linked C-telopeptide of type II collagen (r = 0.444, P = 0.003), ARGS-aggrecan (r = 0.337, P < 0.001), osteocalcin (r = 0.345, P < 0.001), osteopontin (r = 0.371, P < 0.001) and IL-8 (r = -0.385, P < 0.001), but not with structural joint injury as visualized on MRI. CONCLUSION The increased levels of synovial fluid C2C after injury, together with the associations seen with several other injury-related biomarkers, suggest that an acute knee injury is associated with an immediate and sustained local degradation of type II collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumahashi
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
| | - P Swärd
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Larsson
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L S Lohmander
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - R Frobell
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Struglics
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Yarmola EG, Shah Y, Arnold DP, Dobson J, Allen KD. Magnetic Capture of a Molecular Biomarker from Synovial Fluid in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1159-69. [PMID: 26136062 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker development for osteoarthritis (OA) often begins in rodent models, but can be limited by an inability to aspirate synovial fluid from a rodent stifle (similar to the human knee). To address this limitation, we have developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology to collect biomarkers from a rodent stifle, termed magnetic capture. Using a common OA biomarker--the c-terminus telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII)--magnetic capture was optimized in vitro using bovine synovial fluid and then tested in a rat model of knee OA. Anti-CTXII antibodies were conjugated to the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide-containing polymeric particles. Using these anti-CTXII particles, magnetic capture was able to estimate the level of CTXII in 25 μL aliquots of bovine synovial fluid; and under controlled conditions, this estimate was unaffected by synovial fluid viscosity. Following in vitro testing, anti-CTXII particles were tested in a rat monoiodoacetate model of knee OA. CTXII could be magnetically captured from a rodent stifle without the need to aspirate fluid and showed tenfold changes in CTXII levels from OA-affected joints relative to contralateral control joints. Combined, these data demonstrate the ability and sensitivity of magnetic capture for post-mortem analysis of OA biomarkers in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Yarmola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yash Shah
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David P Arnold
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Dymock DC, Brown MP, Merritt KA, Trumble TN. Concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in serum, plasma, and synovial fluid of horses with osteochondral injury. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:722-30. [PMID: 25061703 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.8.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) concentrations in serum, plasma, and synovial fluid differed among untrained, race-trained, and osteochondral-injured Thoroughbred racehorses. ANIMALS 22 racehorses without osteochondral injury and 37 racehorses with osteochondral injury. PROCEDURES Horses without osteochondral injury were examined before and after 5 to 6 months of race training. Horses with osteochondral injury were undergoing arthroscopic surgery for removal of osteochondral fragments from carpal or metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints (fetlock joints). Serum, plasma, and fetlock or carpal synovial fluid samples were obtained and analyzed for SDF-1 concentration by use of an ELISA. RESULTS In horses with fetlock or carpal joint injury, mean synovial fluid SDF-1 concentrations were significantly higher, serum SDF-1 concentrations were significantly lower, and synovial fluid-to-serum SDF-1 ratios were significantly higher than in untrained and trained horses. Synovial fluid SDF-1 concentrations were not significantly different between trained and untrained horses. Plasma SDF-1 concentrations were not different among the 3 groups. Results obtained with serum, compared with synovial fluid and plasma, had better sensitivity for differentiating between osteochondral-injured horses and uninjured horses. In horses with fetlock joint osteochondral injury, serum SDF-1 concentrations were correlated with radiographic and arthroscopic inflammation scores, but not arthroscopic cartilage scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that serum SDF-1 concentrations were more sensitive than plasma and synovial fluid concentrations for detection of osteochondral injury in the fetlock or carpal joint of racehorses. Analysis of serum and synovial SDF-1 concentrations in horses with experimentally induced joint injury may help define the onset and progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and aid in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Dymock
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Verwilghen DR, Enzerink E, Martens A, Franck T, Balligand M, Henrotin Y, Detilleux J, Serteyn D. Relationship between arthroscopic joint evaluation and the levels of Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2), and myeloperoxidase in the blood and synovial fluid of horses affected with osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1323-9. [PMID: 21884810 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the levels of plasmatic and synovial Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in horses with osteochondral lesions of the tarsocrural joint and to investigate how these levels relate to arthroscopic findings of inflammation and degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood and synovial fluid samples were collected from 63 horses presented for arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments in the tarsocrural joint. Prior to removal of the osteochondral fragment, an exploration of the joint was performed and an inflammatory and degenerative score was determined. The blood and synovial levels of Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2) and MPO were also measured. The effects of the arthroscopic evaluation (inflammatory and degenerative classes) on the blood and synovial markers were evaluated using a linear model (GLM procedure), and correlations between biochemical markers in the blood and synovial fluid and the arthroscopic evaluation (inflammatory and degenerative classes) were established (Pearson's correlations). RESULTS Significantly higher levels of Coll2-1 were detected in synovial fluid of higher degenerative classes. There was a significant correlation between the degenerative score and the synovial levels of Coll2-1 (r=0.27). According to the logistic regression model, there was a significant effect of the degenerative class on synovial levels of Coll2-1. CONCLUSIONS Coll2-1 correlates well with the degenerative state of tarsocrural joints as evaluated by arthroscopy. This marker can therefore be classified as a burden-of-disease marker in the assessment of joint disease in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Verwilghen
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege, Sart-Tilman B41, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Frantz NZ, Friesen KG, Andrews GA, Tokach MD, Yamka RM, Loughin TL, Nelssen JL, Dritz SS. Use of serum biomarkers to predict the development and severity of osteochondrosis lesions in the distal portion of the femur in pigs. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:946-52. [PMID: 20673095 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.8.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of serum biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism to predict the occurrence and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in the distal portion of the femur in growing swine. ANIMALS 71 gilts. PROCEDURES At an abattoir, serum samples for analysis of 10 biomarkers indicative of cartilage and bone metabolism were obtained prior to processing of the pigs. The distal portion of each pig's left femur was directly examined and cut into longitudinal sections to evaluate the number and severity of abnormalities on the external surface, articular cartilage, and growth plate. Each specimen was categorized as with (n = 56) or without (15) OC, and an overall OC severity score was assigned to affected pigs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to predict odds of OC on the basis of biomarker concentrations and predict the severity of OC values in affected pigs, respectively. RESULTS Compared with values in unaffected pigs, serum concentrations of C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were significantly increased and concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen 3/4-length fragment (C2C) and pyridinoline cross-links were significantly decreased in affected pigs. A 2-fold increase in CPII concentration increased the odds of pigs having OC by a factor of 97 (95% confidence interval, 6 to infinity). Changes in serum C2C concentration accounted for 49% of the variation in overall OC severity score. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Assessment of serum biomarker concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of OC and aid in reduction of lameness in swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Z Frantz
- Hill's Pet Nutrition Incorporated, 400 SW 8th St, Topeka, KS 66603, USA
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Nicholson AM, Trumble TN, Merritt KA, Brown MP. Associations of horse age, joint type, and osteochondral injury with serum and synovial fluid concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers in Thoroughbreds. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:741-9. [PMID: 20594075 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type on a synthesis biomarker and 3 degradative biomarkers of type II collagen in Thoroughbreds. ANIMALS Healthy rested adult (3- to 12-year-old) Thoroughbreds (n = 19), yearling (1- to 2-year-old) Thoroughbreds (40), and Thoroughbred racehorses (2 to 7 years old) undergoing arthroscopic surgery for removal of osteochondral fragments that resulted from training or racing (41). PROCEDURES Samples of blood and metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, or carpal joint synovial fluid (SF) were collected from all horses. Commercially available assays were used to analyze SF and serum concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers of synthesis (carboxy propeptide of type II collagen [CPII]) and degradation (cross-linked C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen [CTX II], neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type I and II collagen [C1,2C], and neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type II collagen [C2C]). RESULTS Osteochondral injury affected concentrations of CPII, CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C in SF, serum, or both, compared with concentrations in healthy adult horses. Compared with adult horses, yearling horses had increased SF or serum concentrations of degradative biomarkers (CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C). Concentrations were higher in carpal than metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints for all biomarkers in osteochondral-injured horses. Variable differences in SF concentrations between joint types were detected in healthy adult and yearling horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type all significantly affected type II collagen biomarker concentrations in SF and serum of Thoroughbreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Nicholson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Vernon KL, Riggs L, Coverdale J, Bodine A, Gibbons J. The Effects of Forced Exercise on Collagen Type II Fragments, Lysyl Oxidase Concentrations, and Total Protein Concentrations in Sera and Synovial Fluid of Lambs. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cleary OB, Trumble TN, Merritt KA, Brown MP. Effect of exercise and osteochondral injury on synovial fluid and serum concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide fragments of type II collagen in racehorses. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:33-40. [PMID: 20043778 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of exercise and osteochondral injury on concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX-II) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum of Thoroughbred racehorses and to compare findings with radiographic and arthroscopic scores of joint injury severity. ANIMALS 78 Thoroughbreds with (n = 38) and without (40) osteochondral injury. PROCEDURES Serum and metacarpophalangeal or carpal joint SF samples were collected from noninjured horses before and at the end of 5 to 6 months of race training (pre- and postexercise samples, respectively) and from horses with osteochondral injury (1 joint assessed/horse). Synovial fluid and serum CTX-II concentrations were determined by use of an ELISA. Radiographic and arthroscopic scores of joint injury severity were determined for the injured horses. RESULTS The CTX-II concentrations in SF and SF:serum CTX-II ratio were significantly higher for horses with joint injuries, compared with pre- and postexercise findings in noninjured horses. Serum CTX-II concentrations in postexercise and injured-horse samples were significantly lower than values in pre-exercise samples. On the basis of serum and SF CTX-II concentrations and SF:serum CTX-II ratio, 64% to 93% of serum and SF samples were correctly classified into their appropriate group (pre-exercise, postexercise, or injured-joint samples). In horses with joint injuries, arthroscopic scores were positively correlated with radiographic scores, but neither score correlated with SF or serum CTX-II concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that serum and SF CTX-II concentrations and SF:serum CTX-II ratio may be used to detect cartilage degradation in horses with joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith B Cleary
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Brown MP, Trumble TN, Merritt KA. High-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 as a potential inflammatory biomarker of joint injury in Thoroughbreds. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:1230-5. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.10.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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