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Williamson P, Lechtig A, Hanna P, Okajima S, Biggane P, Nasr M, Zurakowski D, Duggal N, Nazarian A. Pressure Distribution in the Ankle and Subtalar Joint With Routine and Oversized Foot Orthoses. Foot Ankle Int 2018; 39:994-1000. [PMID: 29696991 DOI: 10.1177/1071100718770659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot orthoses are used to treat many disorders that affect the lower limb. These assistive devices have the potential to alter the forces, load distribution, and orientation within various joints in the foot and ankle. This study attempts to quantify the effects of orthoses on the intra-articular force distribution of the ankle and subtalar joint using a cadaveric testing jig to simulate weight bearing. METHODS Five lower-limb cadaveric specimens were placed on a custom jig, where a 334-N (75-lb) load was applied at the femoral head, and the foot was supported against a plate to simulate double-leg stance. Pressure-mapping sensors were inserted into the ankle and subtalar joint. Mean pressure, peak pressure, contact area, and center of force were measured in both the ankle and subtalar joints for barefoot and 2 medial foot orthosis conditions. The 2 orthosis conditions were performed using (1) a 1.5-cm-height wedge to simulate normal orthoses and (2) a 3-cm-height wedge to simulate oversized orthoses. RESULTS The contact area experienced in the subtalar joint significantly decreased during 3-cm orthotic posting of the medial arch, but neither orthosis had a significant effect on the spatial mean pressure or peak pressure experienced in either joint. CONCLUSION The use of an oversized orthosis could lead to a decrease in the contact area and alterations in the distribution of pressure within the subtalar joint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of inappropriate orthoses could negatively impact the force distribution in the lower limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Williamson
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aron Lechtig
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Hanna
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Okajima
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Biggane
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Nasr
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- 3 Syracuse Orthopaedic Specialists, Department of General Orthopedics and Trauma, Foot and Ankle Division, Syracuse, NY, USA.,4 Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naven Duggal
- 3 Syracuse Orthopaedic Specialists, Department of General Orthopedics and Trauma, Foot and Ankle Division, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- 1 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Does intra-articular load distribution change after lateral malleolar fractures? An in vivo study comparing operative and non-operative treatment. Injury 2017; 48:854-860. [PMID: 28283180 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of isolated malleolar fractures on the intra-articular load distribution within the ankle joint has been studied in several biomechanical cadaver studies during the last decades. Recently, computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assess intra-articular joint load distribution in vivo. The purpose of this retrospective matched pair analysis was to apply CT-OAM to evaluate in vivo changes of talar load distribution after lateral malleolar fractures in patients treated with open anatomic reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) compared to patients treated non-operatively. METHODS Ten matched pairs of patients with isolated lateral malleolar fractures with a maximum fracture dislocation of 3mm and a median follow-up of 42 month were included into the study. Patients were matched for age, gender, and fracture dislocation. Range of ankle motion (ROM), the AOFAS hindfoot score and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) were evaluated. CT-OAM analysis of the injured and the uninjured contralateral ankles were performed. RESULTS Patients treated with ORIF showed a significant lower ROM compared to the uninjured contralateral ankle. No differences were found regarding clinical scores between patients treated by ORIF and those treated non-operatively. CT-OAM analysis showed symmetrical distribution of subchondral bone mineralization in comparison to the uninjured contralateral ankles for both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study suggest that isolated lateral malleolar fractures with fracture gaps up to 3mm are not associated with a change of the tibio-talar joint load distribution in vivo. Therefore, patients with isolated minimally displaced lateral malleolar fractures may achieve good clinical long-term outcome following non-operative treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Zeng W, Shu L, Li Q, Chen S, Wang F, Tao XM. Fiber-based wearable electronics: a review of materials, fabrication, devices, and applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5310-36. [PMID: 24943999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based structures are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be light-weight, long-lasting, flexible, and conformable. Many fibrous structures have been manufactured by well-established lost-effective textile processing technologies, normally at ambient conditions. The advancement of nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic devices directly on the surface or inside of single fibers, which have typical thickness of several to tens microns. However, imparting electronic functions to porous, highly deformable and three-dimensional fiber assemblies and maintaining them during wear represent great challenges from both views of fundamental understanding and practical implementation. This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products. In addition, this review elaborates the performance requirements of the fiber-based wearable electronic products, especially regarding the correlation among materials, fiber/textile structures and electronic as well as mechanical functionalities of fiber-based electronic devices. Finally, discussions will be presented regarding to limitations of current materials, fabrication techniques, devices concerning manufacturability and performance as well as scientific understanding that must be improved prior to their wide adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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