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Zhu H, Miller EY, Lee W, Wilson RL, Neu CP. In vivo human knee varus-valgus loading apparatus for analysis of MRI-based intratissue strain and relaxometry. J Biomech 2024; 171:112171. [PMID: 38861862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of early-stage osteoarthritis remains as an unmet challenge in medicine and a roadblock to evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying treatments. Recent studies demonstrate that unique patterns of intratissue cartilage deformation under cyclic loading can serve as potential biomarkers to detect early disease pathogenesis. However, a workflow to obtain deformation, strain maps, and quantitative MRI metrics due to the loading of articular cartilage in vivo has not been fully developed. In this study, we characterize and demonstrate an apparatus that is capable of applying a varus-valgus load to the human knee in vivo within an MRI environment to enable the measurement of cartilage structure and mechanical function. The apparatus was first tested in a lab environment, then the functionality and utility of the apparatus were examined during varus loading in a clinical 3T MRI system for human imaging. We found that the device enables quantitative MRI metrics for biomechanics and relaxometry data acquisition during joint loading leading to compression of the medial knee compartment. Integration with spiral DENSE MRI during cyclic loading provided time-dependent displacement and strain maps within the tibiofemoral cartilage. The results from these procedures demonstrate that the performance of this loading apparatus meets the design criteria and enables a simple and practical workflow for future studies of clinical cohorts, and the identification and validation of imaging-based biomechanical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtian Zhu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emily Y Miller
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Woowon Lee
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert L Wilson
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Ramsdell JC, Beynnon BD, Borah AS, Gardner-Morse MG, Zhang J, Krug MI, Tourville TW, Geeslin M, Failla MJ, DeSarno M, Fiorentino NM. Tibial and femoral articular cartilage exhibit opposite outcomes for T1ρ and T2* relaxation times in response to acute compressive loading in healthy knees. J Biomech 2024; 169:112133. [PMID: 38744146 PMCID: PMC11193943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal loading is thought to play a key role in the disease progression of cartilage, but our understanding of how cartilage compositional measurements respond to acute compressive loading in-vivo is limited. Ten healthy subjects were scanned at two timepoints (7 ± 3 days apart) with a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Scanning sessions included T1ρ and T2* acquisitions of each knee in two conditions: unloaded (traditional MRI setup) and loaded in compression at 40 % bodyweight as applied by an MRI-compatible loading device. T1ρ and T2* parameters were quantified for contacting cartilage (tibial and femoral) and non-contacting cartilage (posterior femoral condyle) regions. Significant effects of load were found in contacting regions for both T1ρ and T2*. The effect of load (loaded minus unloaded) in femoral contacting regions ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 ms for T1ρ, and 3.5 to 13.7 ms for T2*, whereas tibial contacting regions ranged from -5.6 to -1.7 ms for T1ρ, and -2.1 to 0.7 ms for T2*. Notably, the responses to load in the femoral and tibial cartilage revealed opposite effects. No significant differences were found in response to load between the two visits. This is the first study that analyzed the effects of acute loading on T1ρ and T2* measurements in human femoral and tibial cartilage separately. The results suggest the effect of acute compressive loading on T1ρ and T2* was: 1) opposite in the femoral and tibial cartilage; 2) larger in contacting regions than in non-contacting regions of the femoral cartilage; and 3) not different visit-to-visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Ramsdell
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Bruce D Beynnon
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Andrew S Borah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Mack G Gardner-Morse
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Radiology Oncology & Medical Physics, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Mickey I Krug
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Timothy W Tourville
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Matthew Geeslin
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Mathew J Failla
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Michael DeSarno
- Biomedical Statistics Research Core, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Niccolo M Fiorentino
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, United States.
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Komaki S, Nakagawa S, Arai Y, Inoue A, Kaihara K, Hino M, Kan H, Kenji Takahashi. Cartilage degeneration of patellofemoral joint occurs in open wedge high tibial osteotomy, rather than in hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy, during the early postoperative period: A qualitative analysis using MRI T 2 mapping. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2023; 31:10225536221151132. [PMID: 36757867 DOI: 10.1177/10225536221151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE After high tibial osteotomy, the patella may change position and osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) may occur. It was hypothesized that the course of PFJ degeneration would differ between open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy (hybrid HTO). Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the qualitative changes in PFJ articular cartilage, during the early postoperative period after OWHTO and hybrid HTO. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study of 75 knees that underwent OWHTO (N = 37) or hybrid HTO (N = 38) for medial knee osteoarthritis. OWHTO and hybrid HTO were indicated for corrections of less than 10° and more than 10°, respectively. MRI of all knees was performed before and 6 months after surgery to evaluate patellar cartilage in sagittal images for T2 mapping. Three regions of interest (medial, middle, and lateral facets) were defined in the articular cartilage, and T2 values were measured. Patellar tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, and patellar height were compared before and after surgery. RESULTS There was no significant change in arthroscopic findings of PFJ articular cartilage between the OWHTO and hybrid HTO groups. In the OWHTO group, the mean T2 value of medial and middle facets increased significantly (lateral, 43.0 ± 3.9 to 43.7 ± 3.5; middle, 44.2 ± 3.9 to 46.2 ± 3.8; medial 41.0 ± 4.3 to 42.4 ± 4.0). Conversely, no significant change was observed in the hybrid HTO group (lateral, 41.1 ± 4.0 to 42.3 ± 4.0; middle, 43.6 ± 4.2 to 44.5 ± 4.3; medial, 40.7 ± 4.1 to 41.5 ± 4.5). Patellar height decreased and increased in the OWHTO and hybrid HTO groups, respectively, and patellar tilt decreased in the OWHTO group. Lateral shift ratio decreased significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS OWHTO with a small correction angle may result in qualitative changes in PFJ articular cartilage from an early stage, while hybrid HTO with a relatively large correction angle is unlikely to affect PFJ articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Komaki
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto Interdisciplinary Institute Hospital of Community Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakagawa
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuo Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kaihara
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Hino
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto Interdisciplinary Institute Hospital of Community Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto Interdisciplinary Institute Hospital of Community Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, 12898Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Uzuner S, Kuntze G, Li LP, Ronsky JL, Kucuk S. Creep behavior of human knee joint determined with high-speed biplanar video-radiography and finite element simulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104905. [PMID: 34700107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Creep and relaxation of knee cartilage and meniscus have been extensively studied at the tissue level with constitutive laws well established. At the joint level, however, both experimental and model studies have been focused on either elastic or kinematic responses of the knee, where the time-dependent response is typically neglected for simplicity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the in-vivo creep behavior of human knee joints produced by the cartilaginous tissues and to use the relevant data to validate a previously proposed poromechanical model. Two participants with no history of leg injury volunteered for 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their unloaded right knees and for biplanar video-radiography (BVR) of the same knees during standing on an instrumented treadmill for 10 min. Approximately 550 temporal data points were obtained for the in-vivo displacement of the right femur relative to the tibia of the knee. Models of the bones and soft tissues were derived from the MRI. The bone models were used to reconstruct the 3D bone kinematics measured using BVR. Ground reaction forces were simultaneously recorded for the right leg, which were used as input for the subject-specific finite element knee models. Cartilaginous tissues were modeled as fluid-saturated fibril-reinforced materials. In-vivo creep of the knee was experimentally observed for both participants, i.e., the joint displacement increased with time while the reaction forces at the foot were approximately constant. The creep displacements obtained from the finite element models compared well with the experimental data when the tissue properties were calibrated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.99). The results showed the capacity of the poromechanical knee model to capture the creep response of the joint. The combined experimental and model study may be used to understand the fluid-pressure load support and contact mechanics of the joint using material properties calibrated from the displacement data, which enhance the fidelity of model results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uzuner
- Department of Mechatronics, Dr. Engin PAK Cumayeri Vocational School, University of Duzce, Cumayeri, Duzce, Marmara, 81700, Turkey.
| | - G Kuntze
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - L P Li
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4.
| | - J L Ronsky
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - S Kucuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kocaeli, Izmit, Kocaeli, Marmara, 41001, Turkey
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Holzer L, Kraiger M, Talakic E, Fritz G, Avian A, Hofmeister A, Leithner A, Holzer G. Microstructural analysis of subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2037-2045. [PMID: 32472294 PMCID: PMC7497490 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The results of this study show increased formation of bone in the subchondral areas in advanced stages of osteoarthritis of the knee. These changes seem to be influenced by mechanical factors. INTRODUCTION Subchondral bone changes seem to contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to analyze subchondral bone microstructure in specimens of late-stage knee OA in respect to articular cartilage damage, meniscus integrity, and knee joint alignment. METHODS Thirty proximal tibiae of 30 patients (20 female and 10 male) with late-stage OA retrieved during total knee arthroplasty were scanned using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography. The scans were semi-automatically segmented into five volumes of interest. The volumes of interest were then further analyzed using commercially available software. The degree of articular cartilage damage was assessed semi-quantitatively by magnetic resonance imaging before surgery. RESULTS The mean bone fraction volume (bone volume/total volume (BV/TV)) in all weight-bearing locations was significantly higher compared to the non-weight-bearing reference point below the anterior cruciate ligament (p = 0.000). The mean BV/TV in the medial compartment was significantly higher compared to the lateral compartment (p = 0.007). As for the BV/TV in intact menisci, there was a significantly lower subchondral bone fraction volume compared to subluxated or luxated menisci in the medial (p = 0.020) and lateral compartment (p = 0.005). Varus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the medial compartment, whereas valgus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the lateral compartment (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The results show significant differences of subchondral bone microstructural parameters in respect to cartilage damage, meniscus' structural integrity, and knee joint alignment. Therefore, subchondral bone changes seem to be a secondary process in the late-stage OA of the knee caused by mechanical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Holzer
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Klagenfurt, Waidmannsdorfer Straße 35, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - M. Kraiger
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - E. Talakic
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G.A. Fritz
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Avian
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Hofmeister
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476PreClinical Imaging Group, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Leithner
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - G. Holzer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jerban S, Chang EY, Du J. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of knee joint under mechanical loading: Review. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 65:27-36. [PMID: 31670237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common disease that affects the human knee joint, particularly the articular cartilage and meniscus components which are regularly under compressive mechanical loads. Early-stage OA diagnosis is essential as it allows for timely intervention. The primary non-invasive approaches currently available for OA diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides excellent soft tissue contrast at high spatial resolution. MRI-based knee investigation is usually performed on joints at rest or in a non-weight-bearing condition that does not mimic the actual physiological condition of the joint. This discrepancy may lead to missed detections of early-stage OA or of minor lesions. The mechanical properties of degenerated musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues may vary markedly before any significant morphological or structural changes detectable by MRI. Recognizing distinct deformation characteristics of these tissues under known mechanical loads may reveal crucial joint lesions or mechanical malfunctions which result from early-stage OA. This review article summarizes the large number of MRI-based investigations on knee joints under mechanical loading which have been reported in the literature including the corresponding MRI measures, the MRI-compatible devices employed, and potential challenges due to the limitations of clinical MRI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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3D laser scanning in conjunction with surface texturing to evaluate shift and reduction of the tibiofemoral contact area after meniscectomy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:41-47. [PMID: 30125786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Meniscectomy significantly change the kinematics of the knee joint by reducing the contact area between femoral condyles and the tibial plateau, but the shift in the contact area has been poorly described. The aim of our investigation was to measure the shift of the tibiofemoral contact area occurring after meniscectomy. We used laser scans combined to surface texturing for measuring the 3D position and area of the femoral and tibial surfaces involved in the joint. In particular, natural condyles (porcine model) were analysed and the reverse engineering approach was used for the interpretation of the results from compression tests and local force measurements in conjunction with staining techniques. The results suggested that laser scans combined to surface texturing may be considered as a powerful tool to investigate the stained contours of the contact area. Beside the largely documented reduction of contact area and local pressure increase, a shift of the centroid of the contact area toward the intercondylar notch was measured after meniscectomy. As a consequence of the contact area shift and pressure increase, cartilage degeneration close to the intercondylar notch may occur.
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Murakami K, Arai Y, Ikoma K, Kato K, Inoue H, Nakagawa S, Fujii Y, Ueshima K, Fujiwara H, Kubo T. Total resection of any segment of the lateral meniscus may cause early cartilage degeneration: Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging using T2 mapping. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11011. [PMID: 29879063 PMCID: PMC5999468 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform quantitative evaluation of degeneration of joint cartilage using T2 mapping in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after arthroscopic partial resection of the lateral meniscus.The subjects were 21 patients (23 knees) treated with arthroscopic partial resection of the lateral meniscus. MRI was performed for all knees before surgery and 6 months after surgery to evaluate the center of the lateral condyle of the femur in sagittal images for T2 mapping. Ten regions of interest (ROIs) on the articular cartilage were established at 10-degree intervals, from the point at which the femur shaft crossed the lateral femoral condyle joint to the articular cartilage 90° relative to the femur shaft. Preoperative and postoperative T2 values were evaluated at each ROI. Age, sex, body mass index, femorotibial angle, Tegner score, and amount of meniscal resection were evaluated when the T2 value increased more than 6% at 30°.T2 values at approximately 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, and 60 ° degrees relative to the anatomical axis of the femur were significantly greater postoperatively (3.1, 3.6, 5.5, 4.4, 5.0, 6.4%, respectively) than preoperatively. A >6% increase at 30° was associated with total resection of any segment of the meniscus.Degeneration of the articular cartilage, as shown by the disorganization of collagen arrays at positions approximately 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, and 60 ° relative to the anatomical axis of the femur, may start soon after arthroscopic lateral meniscectomy. Total resection of any segment of the lateral meniscus may cause T2 elevation of articular cartilage of lateral femoral condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shuji Nakagawa
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Critchley SE, Kelly DJ. Bioinks for bioprinting functional meniscus and articular cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting can potentially enable the engineering of biological constructs mimicking the complex geometry, composition, architecture and mechanical properties of different tissues and organs. Integral to the successful bioprinting of functional articular cartilage and meniscus is the identification of suitable bioinks and cell sources to support chondrogenesis or fibrochondrogenesis, respectively. Such bioinks must also possess the appropriate rheological properties to be printable and support the generation of complex geometries. This review will outline the parameters required to develop bioinks for such applications and the current recent advances in 3D bioprinting of functional meniscus and articular cartilage. The paper will conclude by discussing key scientific and technical hurdles in this field and by defining future research directions for cartilage and meniscus bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Zahoor T, Mitchell R, Bhasin P, Schon L, Zhang Z. A Surgical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Histological and Gait Validation. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116658874. [PMID: 27517056 PMCID: PMC4968051 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116658874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is secondary to an array of joint injuries. Animal models are useful tools for addressing the uniqueness of PTOA progression in each type of joint injury and developing strategies for PTOA prevention and treatment. Hypothesis: Intra-articular fracture induces PTOA pathology. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Through a parapatellar incision, the medial tibial plateau was exposed in the left knees of 8 Sprague-Dawley rats. Osteotomy at the midpoint between the tibial crest and the outermost portion of the medial tibial plateau, including the covering articular cartilage, was performed using a surgical blade. The fractured medial tibial plateau was fixed with 2 needles transversely. The fractured knees were not immobilized. Before and after surgery, rat gait was recorded. Rats were sacrificed at week 8, and their knees were harvested for histology. Results: After intra-articular fracture, the affected limbs altered gait from baseline (week 0). In the first 2 weeks, the gait of the operated limbs featured a reduced paw print intensity and stride length but increased maximal contact and stance time. Reduction of maximal and mean print area and duty cycle (the percentage of stance phase in a step) was present from week 1 to week 5. Only print length was reduced in weeks 7 and 8. At week 8, histology of the operated knees demonstrated osteoarthritic pathology. The severity of the PTOA pathology did not correlate with the changes of print length at week 8. Conclusion: Intra-articular fracture of the medial tibial plateau effectively induced PTOA in rat knees. During PTOA development, the injured limbs demonstrated characteristic gait. Clinical Relevance: Intra-articular fracture represents severe joint injury and associates with a high rate of PTOA. This animal model, with histologic and gait validations, can be useful for future studies of PTOA prevention and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Zahoor
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reed Mitchell
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Bhasin
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kato K, Arai Y, Ikoma K, Nakagawa S, Inoue H, Kan H, Matsuki T, Fujiwara H, Kubo T. Early postoperative cartilage evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging using T2 mapping after arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1274-1280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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McCormick F, Harris JD, Abrams GD, Hussey KE, Wilson H, Frank R, Gupta AK, Bach BR, Cole BJ. Survival and reoperation rates after meniscal allograft transplantation: analysis of failures for 172 consecutive transplants at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42:892-7. [PMID: 24532597 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513520115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) is a treatment option for knee pain in young patients with meniscal deficiency in the setting of intact articular surfaces, ligamentous stability, and normal alignment. It is being performed with increasing frequency, and the need for reoperations is not uncommon. A mean survival rate of allografts and indications for reoperations would be helpful information when counseling patients regarding the procedure. Purpose/ HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to quantify survival for MAT and report findings at reoperation. The hypothesis was that the reoperation rate would be frequent and that the most common secondary surgery would be arthroscopic debridement. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent MAT from 2003 to 2011 was conducted; all surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. The reoperation rate, timing of reoperation, procedure performed at reoperation, and findings at surgery, including the status of the meniscal and articular cartilage, were reviewed. Survival was defined as a lack of revision MAT or knee arthroplasty. Descriptive statistics, log-rank testing, cross-tabulation, and χ2 testing were analyzed, with an α value of .05 set as significant. RESULTS Of 200 patients who underwent MAT during the study period, 172 patients (86%; mean age, 34.3 ± 10.3 years) were evaluated at a mean of 59 months (range, 24-118 months) with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Forty-one percent of MATs were isolated, while 60% were performed with concomitant procedures. Sixty-four patients (32%) returned to the operating room after their index procedure. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 59% (38/64) of these patients. The mean time to subsequent surgery was 21 months (range, 2-107 months), with 73% occurring within 2 years. Eight of 172 patients (4.7%) went on to require revision MAT or total knee replacement. Patients requiring secondary surgery within 2 years had an odds ratio of 8.4 (95% CI, 1.6-43.4) for future arthroplasty or MAT revision (P = .007). CONCLUSION In this series, there was a 32% reoperation rate for MAT, with simple arthroscopic debridement being the most common surgical treatment (59%), and a 95% allograft survival rate at a mean of 5 years. Those requiring additional surgery still benefited, having an 88% allograft survival rate, but were at an increased risk of failure. Patients requiring secondary surgery within 2 years had an odds ratio of 8.4 for future arthroplasty or MAT revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank McCormick
- Frank McCormick, MC USNR, Holy Cross Orthopedic Institute, 5597 Dixie Hwy, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33334, USA.
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Van Ginckel A, Verdonk P, Witvrouw E. Cartilage adaptation after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: implications for clinical management and research? A systematic review of longitudinal MRI studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1009-24. [PMID: 23685095 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured cartilage adaptations following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and of the potential factors that might influence these changes, including the effect of treatment on the course of cartilage change (i.e., surgical vs non-surgical treatment). METHODS A literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases extracting 12 full-text articles. These articles reported on in vivo MRI-related cartilage longitudinal follow-up after ACL injury and reconstruction in "young" adults. Eligibility and methodological quality was rated by two independent reviewers. A best-evidence synthesis was performed for reported factors influencing cartilage changes. RESULTS Methodological quality was heterogenous amongst articles (i.e., score range: 31.6-78.9%). Macroscopic changes were detectable as from 2 years follow-up next to or preceded by ultra-structural and functional (i.e., contact-deformation) changes, both in the lateral and medial compartment. Moderate-to-strong evidence was presented for meniscal lesion or meniscectomy, presence of bone marrow lesions (BMLs), time from injury, and persisting altered biomechanics, possibly affecting cartilage change after ACL reconstruction. First-year morphological change was more aggravated in ACL reconstruction compared to non-surgical treatment. CONCLUSION In view of osteoarthritis (OA) prevention after ACL reconstruction, careful attention should be paid to the rehabilitation process and to the decision on when to allow return to sports. These decisions should also consider cartilage fragility and functional adaptations after surgery. In this respect, the first years following surgery are of paramount importance for prevention or treatment strategies that aim at impediment of further matrix deterioration. Considering the low number of studies and the methodological caveats, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Ginckel
- Fellowship Research Foundation, FWO Aspirant, Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
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