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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Wu H, Wei W, Yan S. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Rat Knee Osteoarthritis via Activating Wnt/ β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:234-244. [PMID: 37132309 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230428094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease characterized by joint cartilage degeneration, destruction, and osteogenic hyperplasia. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have attracted increasing research interest due to their high clonogenic, proliferative, and migratory potential, as well as their improved secretion of relevant chondrogenic factors. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of hUC-MSCs in alleviating pathological symptoms of OA. METHODS For the in vivo study, OA rats were established by the Hulth method to observe the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of hUC-MSCs. X-ray tests, gross observations, and histological and immunohistochemical assessments were conducted in rats. Levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 in rats' synovial fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. For the in vitro study, hUC-MSCs and chondrocytes were cultured to explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of hUC-MSCs on OA. Apoptosis, proliferation, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were measured in the chondrocytes. The relative expression of aggrecan, COL-2, and SOX-9 mRNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were measured by Western blot. RESULTS We found that intra-articular injection of hUC-MSCs reduced the combined score, increased the expression of collagen II, and decreased the expression of MMP-13, IL-1β, and IL-6 in rat knee joints. Additionally, hUC-MSCs increased the content of GAGs, inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis, and promoted chondrocyte proliferation. The expression of aggrecan, COL-2, and SOX-9 mRNA in chondrocytes was promoted by hUC-MSCs via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrated that hUC-MSCs induce the secretion of some cytokines via the paracrine function to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to reduce the pathological condition of OA and maintain the proper expression of cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232007, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shangxue Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anti-inflammatory Immune Drug Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Noruzi K, Swami P, Frejo L, Wright J, Wong J, Grande D, Datta-Chaudhuri T. Effect of uniform capacitively coupled electric fields on matrix metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:14. [PMID: 36100947 PMCID: PMC9472391 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating condition characterized by degeneration of hyaline cartilage. Currently, there is no treatment for OA that directly targets degradation of cartilage matrix. Capacitively coupled electric fields (CCEFs) represent a noninvasive and cost-effective treatment modality that can potentially restore articular cartilage homeostasis. Previous studies showed that stimulation of articular cartilage with CCEFs resulted in upregulation of anabolic factors and downregulation of catabolic factors. These studies didn't explain the derivation of the CCEFs or verify their uniformity and field strength, so it's possible that cartilage wasn't exposed to uniform field strength. The present study aims to employ CCEFs with verified uniform field strength in two in-vitro models of OA to investigate its potential to preserve cartilage matrix and validate the results of the aforementioned studies. METHODS Rabbit hyaline chondrocytes and full-thickness bovine articular cartilage explants were cultured in the absence or presence of CCEF and in the absence or presence of Interleukin1-B (IL-1B). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was performed on chondrocytes to measure gene expression of ADAM-TS4, MMP3, MMP9, IL-6, TIMP1, and TIMP2. QPCR was performed on explants to measure gene expression of MMP3, Aggrecan, Collagen-2, and TIMP1. Aggrecan concentration in explants was measured with histology. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. RESULTS The treatment of chondrocytes with IL-1B resulted in upregulated expression of ADAM-TS4, MMP3, MMP9, and IL-6, while simultaneous administration of IL-1B and CCEF led to a relative decrease in ADAM-TS4, MMP3, MMP9, and IL-6 expression and a relative increase in TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression. Application of IL-1B and CCEF to the explants resulted in decreased expression of MMP3 and increased expression of Aggrecan, Collagen-2, and TIMP1 when compared to application of IL-1B alone. CONCLUSION The data indicate that application of a CCEF with verified uniformity may result in upregulation of cartilage anabolic factors even in the presence of IL-1B while attenuating IL-1B induced upregulation of catabolic factors in both monolayer culture and whole tissue. These results demonstrate the potential of CCEFs to suppress the progression of OA and regenerate articular cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb Noruzi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Pooja Swami
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Lidia Frejo
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer University of Granada Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Jason Wright
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jason Wong
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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Zhang H, Wang R, Rolauffs B. Was wissen wir aus der Grundlagenforschung über Minced-cartilage-Techniken? ARTHROSKOPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-022-00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu MJM, Sermer C, Kandel RA, Theodoropoulos JS. Characterization of Migratory Cells From Bioengineered Bovine Cartilage in a 3D Co-culture Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3090-3101. [PMID: 35983988 PMCID: PMC9442774 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte migration in native cartilage is limited and has been implicated as one of the reasons for the poor integration of native implants. Through use of an in vitro integration model, it has previously been shown that cells from bioengineered cartilage can migrate into the native host cartilage during integration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment further enhanced integration of bioengineered cartilage to native cartilage in vitro. However, it is not known how PRP treatment of the bioengineered construct promotes this. HYPOTHESIS PRP supports cell migration from bioengineered cartilage and these migratory cells have the ability to accumulate cartilage-like matrix. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral-like constructs were generated by culturing primary bovine chondrocytes on the top surface of a porous bone substitute biomaterial composed of calcium polyphosphate. After 1 week in culture, the constructs were submerged in PRP and placed adjacent, but 2 mm distant, to a native bovine osteochondral plug in a co-culture model for 2 weeks. Cell migration was monitored using phase-contrast imaging. Cell phenotype was determined by evaluating the gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13), Ki67, and cartilage matrix molecules using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. When tissue formed, it was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantification of matrix content. RESULTS PRP treatment resulted in the formation of a fiber network connecting the bioengineered cartilage and native osteochondral plug. Cells from both the bioengineered cartilage and the native osteochondral tissue migrated onto the PRP fibers and formed a tissue bridge after 2 weeks of culture. Migratory cells on the tissue bridge expressed higher levels of collagen types II and I (COL2, COL1), Ki67 and MMP-13 mRNA compared with nonmigratory cells in the bioengineered cartilage. Ki67 and MMP-13-positive cells were found on the edges of the tissue bridge. The tissue bridge accumulated COL1 and COL2 and aggrecan and contained comparable collagen and glycosaminoglycan content to the bioengineered cartilage matrix. The tissue bridge did not reliably develop in the absence of cells from the native osteochondral plug. CONCLUSION Bioengineered cartilage formed by bovine chondrocytes contains cells that can migrate on PRP fibers and form cartilaginous tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Migratory cells from bioengineered cartilage may promote cartilage integration. Further studies are required to determine the role of migratory cells in integration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia Michael Wu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Sermer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Rita A. Kandel, MD,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600
University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada (
)
| | - John S. Theodoropoulos
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount
Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Danilkowicz R, Murawski C, Pellegrini M, Walther M, Valderrabano V, Angthong C, Adams S. Nonoperative and Operative Soft-Tissue and Cartilage Regeneration and Orthopaedic Biologics of the Foot and Ankle: An Orthoregeneration Network Foundation Review. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:2350-2358. [PMID: 35605840 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orthoregeneration is defined as a solution for orthopaedic conditions that harnesses the benefits of biology to improve healing, reduce pain, improve function, and optimally, provide an environment for tissue regeneration. Options include drugs, surgical intervention, scaffolds, biologics as a product of cells, and physical and electromagnetic stimuli. The goal of regenerative medicine is to enhance the healing of tissue after musculoskeletal injuries as both isolated treatment and adjunct to surgical management, using novel therapies to improve recovery and outcomes. Various orthopaedic biologics (orthobiologics) have been investigated for the treatment of pathology involving the foot and ankle (including acute traumatic injuries and fractures, tumor, infection, osteochondral lesions, arthritis, and tendinopathy) and procedures, including osteotomy or fusion. Promising and established treatment modalities include 1) bone-based therapies (such as cancellous or cortical autograft from the iliac crest, proximal tibia, and/or calcaneus, fresh-frozen or freeze-dried cortical or cancellous allograft, including demineralized bone matrix putty or powder combined with growth factors, and synthetic bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glasses (often in combination with bone marrow aspirate), and polymers; proteins such as bone morphogenic proteins; and platelet-derived growth factors; 2) cartilage-based therapies such as debridement, bone marrow stimulation (such as microfracture or drilling), scaffold-based techniques (such as autologous chondrocyte implantation [ACI] and matrix-induced ACI, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, matrix-associated stem cell transplantation, particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation, and minced local cartilage cells mixed with fibrin and platelet rich plasma [PRP]); and 3) blood, cell-based, and injectable therapies such as PRP, platelet-poor plasma biomatrix loaded with mesenchymal stromal cells, concentrated bone marrow aspirate, hyaluronic acid, and stem or stromal cell therapy, including mesenchymal stem cell allografts, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and micronized adipose tissue injections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danilkowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Christopher Murawski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Manuel Pellegrini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Markus Walther
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Victor Valderrabano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Chayanin Angthong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Samuel Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.
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Kwon DG, Kim MK, Jeon YS, Nam YC, Park JS, Ryu DJ. State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1618. [PMID: 35163541 PMCID: PMC8835711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has generally been introduced as a degenerative disease; however, it has recently been understood as a low-grade chronic inflammatory process that could promote symptoms and accelerate the progression of OA. Current treatment strategies, including corticosteroid injections, have no impact on the OA disease progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy seem to be in the spotlight as a disease-modifying treatment because this strategy provides enlarged anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Currently, bone marrow, adipose derived, synovium-derived, and Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs are the most widely used types of MSCs in the cartilage engineering. MSCs exert immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, antiapoptotic, and chondrogenic effects mainly by paracrine effect. Because MSCs disappear from the tissue quickly after administration, recently, MSCs-derived exosomes received the focus for the next-generation treatment strategy for OA. MSCs-derived exosomes contain a variety of miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have a critical role in cartilage regeneration by immunomodulatory function such as promoting chondrocyte proliferation, matrix secretion, and subsiding inflammation. In the future, a personalized exosome can be packaged with ideal miRNA and proteins for chondrogenesis by enriching techniques. In addition, the target specific exosomes could be a gamechanger for OA. However, we should consider the off-target side effects due to multiple gene targets of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Jin Ryu
- Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, 22332 Inhang-ro 27, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea; (D.G.K.); (M.K.K.); (Y.S.J.); (Y.C.N.); (J.S.P.)
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7
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Salzmann GM, Ossendorff R, Gilat R, Cole BJ. Autologous Minced Cartilage Implantation for Treatment of Chondral and Osteochondral Lesions in the Knee Joint: An Overview. Cartilage 2021; 13:1124S-1136S. [PMID: 32715735 PMCID: PMC8808955 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520942952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects in the knee are being diagnosed with increased frequency and are treated with a variety of techniques. The aim of any cartilage repair procedure is to generate the highest tissue quality, which might correlate with improved clinical outcomes, return-to-sport, and long-term durability. Minced cartilage implantation (MCI) is a relatively simple and cost-effective technique to transplant autologous cartilage fragments in a single-step procedure. Minced cartilage has a strong biologic potential since autologous, activated non-dedifferentiated chondrocytes are utilized. It can be used both for small and large cartilage lesions, as well as for osteochondral lesions. As it is purely an autologous and homologous approach, it lacks a significant regulatory oversight process and can be clinically adopted without such limitations. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current evidence supporting autologous minced cartilage implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian M. Salzmann
- Gelenkzentrum Rhein-Main, Wiesbaden,
Germany,Lower Extremity Orthopaedics,
Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ossendorff
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Robert Ossendorff, Clinic for Orthopaedics
and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn, 53127,
Germany.
| | - Ron Gilat
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian J. Cole
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Foo JB, Looi QH, How CW, Lee SH, Al-Masawa ME, Chong PP, Law JX. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1093. [PMID: 34832875 PMCID: PMC8618513 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Exosomes are rich in therapeutic cargos such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids. Recently, many studies have focused on miRNAs as a promising therapeutic factor to support cartilage regeneration. Exosomes are known to contain a substantial amount of a variety of miRNAs. miRNAs regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression by base-pairing with the target messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to gene silencing. Several exosomal miRNAs have been found to play a role in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and matrix secretion, reducing scar tissue formation, and subsiding inflammation. The exosomal miRNA cargo can be modulated using techniques such as cell transfection and priming as well as post-secretion modifications to upregulate specific miRNAs to enhance the therapeutic effect. Exosomes are delivered to the joints through direct injection or via encapsulation within a scaffold for sustained release. To date, exosome therapy for cartilage injuries has yet to be optimized as the ideal cell source for exosomes, and the dose and method of delivery have yet to be identified. More importantly, a deeper understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in cartilage repair is paramount for the development of more effective exosome therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., D353a, Menara Suezcap 1, KL Gateway, no. 2, Jalan Kerinchi, Gerbang Kerinchi Lestari, Kuala Lumpur 59200, Malaysia;
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Trengove A, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. The Challenge of Cartilage Integration: Understanding a Major Barrier to Chondral Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:114-128. [PMID: 33307976 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by injury frequently lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and costly disease. Despite widely used surgical methods to treat articular cartilage defects and a plethora of research into regenerative strategies as treatments, long-term clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Failure to integrate repair tissue with native cartilage is a recurring issue in surgical and tissue-engineered strategies, seeing eventual degradation of the regenerated or surrounding tissue. This review delves into the current understanding of why continuous and robust integration with native cartilage is so difficult to achieve. Both the intrinsic limitations of chondrocytes to remodel injured cartilage, and the significant challenges posed by a compromised biomechanical environment are described. Recent scaffold and cell-based techniques to repair cartilage are also discussed, and limitations of existing methods to evaluate integrative repair. In particular, the importance of evaluating the mechanical integrity of the interface between native and repair tissue is highlighted as a meaningful assessment of any strategy to repair this load-bearing tissue. Impact statement The failure to integrate grafts or biomaterials with native cartilage is a major barrier to cartilage repair. An in-depth understanding of the reasons cartilage integration remains a challenge is required to inform cartilage repair strategies. In particular, this review highlights that integration of cartilage repair strategies is frequently assessed in terms of the continuity of tissue, but not the mechanical integrity. Given the load-bearing nature of cartilage, evaluating integration in terms of interfacial strength is essential to assessing the potential success of cartilage repair methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Wang M, Chen G, Li G, Wang B, Lei C. Creating Cartilage in Tissue-Engineered Chamber Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Without Cell Culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:375-383. [PMID: 32539669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinically available cartilage, such as large-volume tissue-engineered cartilage, is urgently required for various clinical applications. Tissue engineering chamber (TEC) models are a promising organ-level strategy for efficient enlargement of cells or tissues within the chamber. The conventional TEC technology is not suitable for cartilage culture, because it lacks the necessary chondrogenic growth factor, which is present in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In this study, we added autogenous auricular cartilage fragments mixed with PRP in a TEC to obtain a large amount of engineered cartilage. Experiment: To prove the efficacy of this method, 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: PRP, vascularized (Ves), PRP, PRP+Ves, and control. Auricular cartilage was harvested from the rabbits, cut into fragments (2 mm), and then injected into TECs. Cartilage constructs were harvested at week 8, and construct volumes were measured. Histological morphology, immunochemical staining, and mechanical strength were evaluated. Results: At week 8, PRP+Ves constructs developed a white, cartilage-like appearance. The volume of cartilage increased by 600% the original volume from 0.30 to 1.8 ± 0.1789 mL. Histological staining showed proliferation of edge chondrocytes in the embedded cartilage in the PRP and PRP+Ves groups. Furthermore, the cartilage constructs in the PRP+Ves group show mechanical characteristics similar to those of normal cartilage. Conclusions: Auricular cartilage fragments mixed with PRP and vascularization of the TEC showed a significantly increased cartilage tissue volume after 8 weeks of incubation in rabbits. Impact Statement Repair of defects of ear cartilage tissue has always been a huge challenge to plastic surgeons. In this article, a new method is presented to produce within 8 weeks auricular cartilage in a tissue engineering chamber without cell culture. Having such a method is a valuable step toward creating a large volume of functional cartilage tissue, which may lead to successful construction of normal auricular structure with minimal donor-site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishui Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guanmin Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang S, Huang D, Lin H, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Cellulose Nanocrystal Reinforced Collagen-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Self-Healing and Stress-Relaxation Properties for Cell Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2400-2408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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12
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Is There a Scientific Rationale for the Refixation of Delaminated Chondral Flaps in Femoroacetabular Impingement? A Laboratory Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:854-867. [PMID: 32011382 PMCID: PMC7282577 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debonding of the acetabular cartilage is a characteristic type of hip damage found in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which remains a treatment challenge. In addition to resection, refixation of these flaps using fibrin sealants has been recently suggested. However, there is only limited evidence available that the proposed refixation method results in sufficient viable cartilage formation to ensure long-term flap grafting and restored tissue function. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES To determine the flap tissue characteristics that would justify refixation of delaminated chondral flaps with a fibrin sealant, we characterized (1) the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondral flaps in terms of chondrocyte viability and distribution of ECM components and (2) the chondrogenic potential of resident cells to migrate into fibrin and produce a cartilaginous matrix. METHODS Ten acetabular chondral flaps and three non-delaminated control cartilage samples were resected during surgery. Chondrocyte viability was quantified using a live-dead assay. To assess the ECM, histological staining of glycosaminoglycans, collagen II, and collagen I allowed the qualitative study of their distribution. The ability of chondrocytes to migrate out of the ECM was tested by encapsulating minced flap cartilage in fibrin gels and semi-quantitatively assessing the projected area of the gel covered with migrating cells. The potential of chondrocytes to produce a cartilaginous matrix was studied with a pellet assay, a standard three-dimensional culture system to test chondrogenesis. Positive controls were pellets of knee chondrocytes of age-matched donors, which we found in a previous study to have a good capacity to produce cartilage matrix. Statistical significance of controlled quantitative assays was determined by the Student's t-test with Welch's correction. RESULTS The proportion of viable chondrocytes in flaps was lower than in nondelaminated cartilage (50% ± 19% versus 76 ± 6%; p = 0.02). Histology showed a disrupted ECM in flaps compared with nondelaminated controls, with the presence of fibrillation, a loss of glycosaminoglycan at the delaminated edge, collagen II throughout the whole thickness of the flap, and some collagen I-positive area in two samples. The resident chondrocytes migrated out of this disrupted ECM in all tested samples. However in pellet culture, cells isolated from the flaps showed a qualitatively lower chondrogenic potential compared with positive controls, with a clearly inhomogeneous cell and matrix distribution and an overall smaller projected area (0.4 versus 0.7 mm; p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Despite the presence of viable chondrocytes with migration potential, the cells resided in a structurally altered ECM and had limited capacity to deposit ECM, leading us to question their capacity to produce sufficient ECM within the fibrin sealant for stable long-term attachment of such flaps. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The characterization of delaminated cartilage in cam FAI patients suggests that the refixation strategy might be adversely influenced by the low level of ECM produced by the residing cells.
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13
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Levinson C, Cavalli E, Sindi DM, Kessel B, Zenobi-Wong M, Preiss S, Salzmann G, Neidenbach P. Chondrocytes From Device-Minced Articular Cartilage Show Potent Outgrowth Into Fibrin and Collagen Hydrogels. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119867618. [PMID: 31534979 PMCID: PMC6737879 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119867618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transplantation of autologous minced cartilage is an established procedure to repair chondral lesions. It relies on the migration of chondrocytes out of cartilage particles into a biomaterial. So far, there is no efficient way to finely mince cartilage. No consensus exists on the nature of the biomaterial to be used to promote chondrocyte migration. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical use of a custom-made mincing device as well as a possible alternative biomaterial to fibrin glue. The device was tested for its effect on chondrocyte viability and on subsequent chondrocyte migration into either a fibrin or a collagen gel. We hypothesized that device mincing would allow finer cutting and consequently more cell migration and that the gelation mechanism of the collagen biomaterial, which uses the clotting of platelet-rich plasma, would enhance matrix production by outgrown chondrocytes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Cartilage from 12 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty was taken from the femoral condyles and subsequently either hand minced or device minced. The viability and the degree of outgrowth were quantified with live/dead assay on the generated cartilage particles and on the gels in which these particles were embedded, respectively. Matrix deposition in the biomaterials by the outgrown cells was investigated with histology. Results: The device allowed rapid mincing of the cartilage and produced significantly smaller pieces than hand mincing. The initial chondrocyte viability in cartilage particles dropped by 25% with device mincing as compared with no mincing. However, the viability in hand-minced, device-minced, and unminced samples was no longer different after 7 and 28 days in culture. Outgrowth scores were similar among the 3 groups. Fibrin and collagen biomaterials equally supported chondrocyte outgrowth and survival, but neither promoted matrix deposition after in vitro culture. Conclusion: The outgrowth potential, the viability after 28 days in culture, and the matrix deposition were not different between the mincing techniques and the tested biomaterials, yet device mincing is faster and results in significantly smaller cartilage particles. Clinical Relevance: Device mincing could become the standard method to mince cartilage for second-generation cartilage repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Levinson
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Cavalli
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Kessel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Preiss
- Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Salzmann
- Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Neidenbach
- Department of Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Xu J, Feng Q, Lin S, Yuan W, Li R, Li J, Wei K, Chen X, Zhang K, Yang Y, Wu T, Wang B, Zhu M, Guo R, Li G, Bian L. Injectable stem cell-laden supramolecular hydrogels enhance in situ osteochondral regeneration via the sustained co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chondrogenic molecules. Biomaterials 2019; 210:51-61. [PMID: 31075723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used as the carrier material of therapeutic cell and drugs for articular cartilage repair. We previously demonstrated a unique host-guest macromer (HGM) approach to prepare mechanically resilient, self-healing and injectable supramolecular gelatin hydrogels free of chemical crosslinking. In this work, we show that compared with conventional hydrogels our supramolecular gelatin hydrogels mediate more sustained release of small molecular (kartogenin) and proteinaceous (TGF-β1) chondrogenic agents, leading to enhanced chondrogenesis of the encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the supramolecular nature of our hydrogels allows injection of the pre-fabricated hydrogels containing the encapsulated hBMSCs and chondrogenic agents, and our data show that the injection process has little negative impact on the viability and chondrogenesis of the encapsulated cells and subsequent neocartilage development. Furthermore, the stem cell-laden supramolecular hydrogels administered via injection through a needle effectively promote the regeneration of both hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in the rat osteochondral defect model. These results demonstrate that our supramolecular HGM hydrogels are promising delivery biomaterials of therapeutic agents and cells for cartilage repair via minimally invasive procedures. This unique capability of injecting cell-laden hydrogels to target sites will greatly facilitate stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Qian Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, PR China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China; Center for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Neybecker P, Henrionnet C, Pape E, Mainard D, Galois L, Loeuille D, Gillet P, Pinzano A. In vitro and in vivo potentialities for cartilage repair from human advanced knee osteoarthritis synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:329. [PMID: 30486903 PMCID: PMC6263063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in synovial fluid (SF) and can easily be harvested during arthrocentesis or arthroscopy. However, SF-MSC characterization and chondrogenicity in collagen sponges have been poorly documented as well as their hypothetical in vivo chondroprotective properties with intra-articular injections during experimental osteoarthritis (OA). Methods SF-MSCs were isolated from human SF aspirates in patients suffering from advanced OA undergoing total knee joint replacements. SF-MSCs at passage 2 (P2) were characterized by flow cytometry for epitope profiling. SF-MSCs at P2 were subsequently cultured in vitro to assess their multilineage potentials. To assess their chondrogenicity, SF-MSCs at P4 were seeded in collagen sponges for 4 weeks under various oxygen tensions and growth factors combinations to estimate their gene profile and matrix production. Also, SF-MSCs were injected into the joints in a nude rat anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) to macroscopically and histologically assess their possible chondroprotective properties,. Results We characterized the stemness (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34−, CD45−) and demonstrated the multilineage potency of SF-MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, the chondrogenic induction (TGF-ß1 ± BMP-2) of these SF-MSCs in collagen sponges demonstrated a good capacity of chondrogenic gene induction and extracellular matrix synthesis. Surprisingly, hypoxia did not enhance matrix synthesis, although it boosted chondrogenic gene expression (ACAN, SOX9, COL2A1). Besides, intra-articular injections of xenogenic SF-MSCs did exert neither chondroprotection nor inflammation in ACLT-induced OA in the rat knee. Conclusions Advanced OA SF-MSCs seem better candidates for cell-based constructs conceived for cartilage defects rather than intra-articular injections for diffuse OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neybecker
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christel Henrionnet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Pape
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Didier Mainard
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Galois
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Loeuille
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France. .,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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16
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Yeung P, Zhang W, Wang X, Yan C, Chan B. A human osteoarthritis osteochondral organ culture model for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2018; 162:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Nguyen VT, Cancedda R, Descalzi F. Platelet lysate activates quiescent cell proliferation and reprogramming in human articular cartilage: Involvement of hypoxia inducible factor 1. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1691-e1703. [PMID: 29052350 DOI: 10.1002/term.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The idea of rescuing the body self-repair capability lost during evolution is progressively gaining ground in regenerative medicine. In particular, growth factors and bioactive molecules derived from activated platelets emerged as promising therapeutic agents acting as trigger for repair of tissue lesions and restoration of tissue functions. Aim of this study was to assess the potential of a platelet lysate (PL) for human articular cartilage repair considering its activity on progenitor cells and differentiated chondrocytes. PL induced the re-entry in the cell cycle of confluent, growth-arrested dedifferentiated/progenitor cartilage cells. In a cartilage permissive culture environment, differentiated cells also resumed proliferation after exposure to PL. These findings correlated with an up-regulation of the proliferation/survival pathways ERKs and Akt and with an induction of cyclin D1. In short- and long-term cultures of articular cartilage explants, we observed a release of proliferating chondroprogenitors able to differentiate and form an "in vitro" tissue with properties of healthy articular cartilage. Moreover, in cultured cartilage cells, PL induced a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) alpha increase, its nuclear relocation and the binding to HIF-1 responsive elements. These events were possibly related to the cell proliferation because the HIF-1 inhibitor acriflavine inhibited HIF-1 binding to HIF-1 responsive elements and cell proliferation. Our study demonstrates that PL induces quiescent cartilage cell activation and proliferation leading to new cartilage formation, identifies PL activated pathways playing a role in these processes, and provides a rationale to the application of PL for therapeutic treatment of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Nguyen
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Biorigen Srl., Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Christensen BB, Olesen ML, Lind M, Foldager CB. Autologous Cartilage Chip Transplantation Improves Repair Tissue Composition Compared With Marrow Stimulation. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1490-1496. [PMID: 28319418 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517694617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair of chondral injuries by use of cartilage chips has recently demonstrated clinical feasibility. PURPOSE To investigate in vivo cartilage repair outcome of autologous cartilage chips compared with marrow stimulation in full-thickness cartilage defects in a minipig model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Six Göttingen minipigs received two 6-mm chondral defects in the medial and lateral trochlea of each knee. The two treatment groups were (1) autologous cartilage chips embedded in fibrin glue (ACC) (n = 12) and (2) marrow stimulation (MST) (n = 12). The animals were euthanized after 6 months, and the composition of repair tissue was quantitatively determined using histomorphometry. Semiquantitative evaluation was performed by means of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II score. Collagen type II staining was used to further evaluate the repair tissue composition. RESULTS Significantly more hyaline cartilage was found in the ACC (17.1%) compared with MST (2.9%) group ( P < .01). Furthermore, the ACC group had significantly less fibrous tissue (23.8%) compared with the MST group (41.1%) ( P < .01). No significant difference in fibrocartilage content was found (54.7% for ACC vs 50.8% for MST). The ACC group had significantly higher ICRS II scores for tissue morphological characteristics, matrix staining, cell morphological characteristics, surface assessment, mid/deep assessment, and overall assessment ( P < .05). The ACC-treated defects had significantly more collagen type II staining (54.5%) compared with the MST-treated defects (28.1%) ( P < .05). CONCLUSION ACC transplant resulted in improved quality of cartilage repair tissue compared with MST at 6 months postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further studies are needed to investigate ACC as a possible alternative first-line treatment for focal cartilage injuries in the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Borsøe Christensen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Morten Lykke Olesen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Lind
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Casper Bindzus Foldager
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Salzmann GM, Calek AK, Preiss S. Second-Generation Autologous Minced Cartilage Repair Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2017; 6:e127-e131. [PMID: 28373950 PMCID: PMC5368339 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects at the knee joint are identified and treated with increasing frequency. Autologous chondrocytes may have the strongest potential to generate high-quality repair tissue within the defective region. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is not available in every country. We present a surgical technique where the surgeon can apply autologous chondrocytes in a one-step procedure to treat articular cartilage defects at the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian M. Salzmann
- Address correspondence to Gian M. Salzmann, M.D., Schulthess Clinic, Musculoskeletal Centre, Orthopaedics Lower Extremities, Lengghalde 2, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.Schulthess ClinicMusculoskeletal CentreOrthopaedics Lower ExtremitiesLengghalde 28008 ZurichSwitzerland
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20
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Christensen BB, Foldager CB, Olesen ML, Hede KC, Lind M. Implantation of Autologous Cartilage Chips Improves Cartilage Repair Tissue Quality in Osteochondral Defects: A Study in Göttingen Minipigs. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:1597-604. [PMID: 26951074 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516630977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteochondral injuries have poor endogenous healing potential, and no standard treatment has been established. The use of combined layered autologous bone and cartilage chips for treatment of osteochondral defects has shown promising short-term clinical results. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to investigate the role of cartilage chips by comparing combined layered autologous bone and cartilage chips with autologous bone implantation alone in a Göttingen minipig model. The hypothesis was that the presence of cartilage chips would improve the quality of the repair tissue. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twelve Göttingen minipigs received 2 osteochondral defects in each knee. The defects were randomized to autologous bone graft (ABG) combined with autologous cartilage chips (autologous dual-tissue transplantation [ADTT]) or ABG alone. Six animals were euthanized at 6 months and 6 animals were euthanized at 12 months. Follow-up evaluation consisted of histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, semiquantitative scoring (International Cartilage Repair Society II), and computed tomography. RESULTS There was significantly more hyaline cartilage in the ADTT group (25.8%) compared with the ABG group (12.8%) at 6 months after treatment. At 12 months, the fraction of hyaline cartilage in the ABG group had significantly decreased to 4.8%, whereas the fraction of hyaline cartilage in the ADTT group was unchanged (20.1%). At 6 and 12 months, there was significantly more fibrocartilage in the ADTT group (44% and 60.8%) compared with the ABG group (24.5% and 41%). The fraction of fibrous tissue was significantly lower in the ADTT group compared with the ABG group at both 6 and 12 months. The implanted cartilage chips stained >75% positive for collagen type 4 and laminin at both 6 and 12 months. Significant differences were found in a number of International Cartilage Repair Society II subcategories. The volume of the remaining bone defect significantly decreased from 6 to 12 months in both treatment groups; however, no difference in volume was found between the groups at either 6 or 12 months. CONCLUSION The presence of cartilage chips in an osteochondral defect facilitated the formation of fibrocartilage as opposed to fibrous tissue at both 6 and 12 months posttreatment. The implanted chips were present in the defect and viable after 12 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study substantiates the chondrogenic role of cartilage chips in osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kris Chadwick Hede
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Lind
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Kubosch EJ, Heidt E, Bernstein A, Böttiger K, Schmal H. The trans-well coculture of human synovial mesenchymal stem cells with chondrocytes leads to self-organization, chondrogenic differentiation, and secretion of TGFβ. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:64. [PMID: 27118471 PMCID: PMC4845486 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSC) possess a high chondrogenic differentiation potential, which possibly supports natural and surgically induced healing of cartilage lesions. We hypothesized enhanced chondrogenesis of SMSC caused by the vicinity of chondrocytes (CHDR). Methods Human SMSC and CHDR interactions were investigated in an in-vitro trans-well monolayer coculture over a time period of up to 21 days. Protein expression was analyzed using histology, immunostaining, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative PCR. Results After 7 days, phase-contrast microscopy revealed cell aggregation of SMSC in coculture with CHDR. Afterwards, cells formed spheres and lost adherence. However, this phenomenon was not observed when culturing SMSC alone. Fluorescence labeling showed concurrent collagen type II expression. Addition of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) to the cocultures induced SMSC aggregation in less time and with higher intensity. Additionally, alcian blue staining demonstrated enhanced glycosaminoglycan expression around SMSC aggregates after 1 and 2 weeks. Although TGFβ mRNA was expressed in all SMSC, the protein was measured with constantly increasing levels over 21 days only in supernatants of the cocultures. Considering the enhanced mRNA levels following supplementation with TGFβ, a positive feedback mechanism can be supposed. In line with the development of a chondrogenic phenotype, aggrecan mRNA expression increased after 7 and 14 days in the cocultures with and without TGFβ. Coculture conditions also amplified collagen type II mRNA expression after 2 weeks without and already after 1 week with TGFβ. There was no difference in collagen type I and type X expression between SMSC alone and the coculture with CHDR. Expression of both collagens increased following addition of TGFβ. mRNA data correlated with the intensity of immunofluorescence staining. Conclusions Paracrine effects of CHDR induce a chondrogenic phenotype in SMSC possibly mimicking joint homeostasis. Coculture approaches may lead to a better understanding of cellular interactions with potential implications for cartilage repair procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Johanna Kubosch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Heidt
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Böttiger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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No outgrowth of chondrocytes from non-digested particulated articular cartilage embedded in commercially available fibrin matrix: an in vitro study. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 26879178 PMCID: PMC4754815 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercially available fibrin is routinely being used as both a matrix in certain cartilage repair techniques and a method for scaffold fixation. Chondrocytes from non-digested particulated cartilage fragments are proposed as a possible source for new cartilage tissue formation in some operative techniques. The goal of this study was to test that chondrocytes from particulated articular cartilage embedded in fibrin have an active role in the process of cartilage repair, as well as if commercially available fibrin should be used as a suitable matrix. Methods Articular cartilage was obtained from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. The biopsies were particulated in small, 1–2-mm3 pieces and embedded in fibrin. Two groups were compared in our study, particulated articular cartilage with and without collagenase treatment. The specimens were analyzed by optical microscopy after 2–5 weeks of cultivation in a special construct embedded in a cell culture medium containing particulated cartilage embedded in fibrin in the upper phase and cancellous bone in the lower phase under the perforated nylon membrane. Results None of the biopsies taken from four different patients showed the outgrowth of chondrocytes or bone marrow-originated cells into the fibrin matrix in our experimental model. Conclusions It has been shown in our experimental model in vitro little to support the theory that articular chondrocytes from particulated articular cartilage embedded in fibrin have an active role in cartilage repair in its early stage.
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