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Zao YJ, Cheng G, Feng MM, Wang YX, Zhang ZF, Zhang X, Jiang P. Trichinella spiralis cathepsin B bound and degraded host's intestinal type I collagen. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128728. [PMID: 38092101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that poses threats to human health, the meat industry, food safety, and huge financial losses. The critical stage of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection is the invasion of intestinal larvae into the host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). T. spiralis Cathepsin B (TsCB) specifically interacts with IECs to facilitate the invasion of larvae. This study aims to look at how TsCB affects mouse IECs. TsCB was successfully cloned, expressed, and characterized, demonstrating its natural cysteine protease hydrolysis activity. A total of 140 proteins that interact with rTsCB were identified by GST pull-down combined with LC-MS/MS, including type I collagen, an essential component of the host's intestinal epithelial barrier system and intimately related to intestinal epithelial damage. TsCB transcription and expression levels rise, whereas type I collagen in the host's intestinal mucosa declines when the T. spiralis larvae invaded. Besides, it was discovered that TsCB bound to and degraded type I collagen of the host's intestine. This research can serve as a foundation for clarifying how T. spiralis invades the host's intestinal barrier and might provide information on potential targets for the creation of novel treatments to treat parasite illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jiao Zao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Yunan University School of Medicine, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ge Cheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Miao Miao Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yi Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zi Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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2
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Hannani MT, Thudium CS, Karsdal MA, Ladel C, Mobasheri A, Uebelhoer M, Larkin J, Bacardit J, Struglics A, Bay-Jensen AC. From biochemical markers to molecular endotypes of osteoarthritis: a review on validated biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:23-38. [PMID: 38353446 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2315282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 500 million people worldwide. OA patients are symptomatically treated, and current therapies exhibit marginal efficacy and frequently carry safety-risks associated with chronic use. No disease-modifying therapies have been approved to date leaving surgical joint replacement as a last resort. To enable effective patient care and successful drug development there is an urgent need to uncover the pathobiological drivers of OA and how these translate into disease endotypes. Endotypes provide a more precise and mechanistic definition of disease subgroups than observable phenotypes, and a panel of tissue- and pathology-specific biochemical markers may uncover treatable endotypes of OA. AREAS COVERED We have searched PubMed for full-text articles written in English to provide an in-depth narrative review of a panel of validated biochemical markers utilized for endotyping of OA and their association to key OA pathologies. EXPERT OPINION As utilized in IMI-APPROACH and validated in OAI-FNIH, a panel of biochemical markers may uncover disease subgroups and facilitate the enrichment of treatable molecular endotypes for recruitment in therapeutic clinical trials. Understanding the link between biochemical markers and patient-reported outcomes and treatable endotypes that may respond to given therapies will pave the way for new drug development in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T Hannani
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jonathan Larkin
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- SynOA Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Treviño EA, Shah J, Pearson JJ, Platt MO, Xia Y, Temenoff JS. Microfluidic Platform for Microparticle Fabrication and Release of a Cathepsin Inhibitor. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:361-370. [PMID: 37409411 PMCID: PMC10442676 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are a family of cysteine proteases responsible for a variety of homeostatic functions throughout the body, including extracellular matrix remodeling, and have been implicated in a variety of degenerative diseases. However, clinical trials using systemic administration of cathepsin inhibitors have been abandoned due to side effects, so local delivery of cathepsin inhibitors may be advantageous. In these experiments, a novel microfluidic device platform was developed that can synthesize uniform, hydrolytically degradable microparticles from a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Of the formulations examined, the 10-polymer weight percentage 10 mM DTT formulation degraded after 77 days in vitro. A modified assay using the DQ Gelatin Fluorogenic Substrate was used to demonstrate sustained release and bioactivity of a cathepsin inhibitor (E-64) released from hydrogel microparticles over 2 weeks in vitro (up to ∼13 μg/mL released with up to ∼40% original level of inhibition remaining at day 14). Altogether, the technologies developed in this study will allow a small-molecule, broad cathepsin inhibitor E-64 to be released in a sustained manner for localized inhibition of cathepsins for a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda A. Treviño
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jimmy Shah
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph J. Pearson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Demeuse J, Massonnet P, Schoumacher M, Grifnée E, Huyghebaert L, Dubrowski T, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Cavalier E. Innovative workflow for the identification of cathepsin K cleavage sites in type I collagen. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123864. [PMID: 37634391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, cathepsin K cleavage sites in type I collagen have been extensively studied due to its ability to release bone resorption biomarkers such as CTX and NTX. However, gel-based methods and N-sequencing used in these studies lack sensitivity, especially for small to medium peptides. In this work, we propose a degradomics mass spectrometry-based workflow that combines protein digestion, Nano-LC-UDMSE, and several software tools to identify cathepsin K cleavage sites. This workflow not only identified previously known cleavage sites, but also discovered new ones. Multiple cleavage hotspots were found and described in type I α1 and type I α2 collagen, many of which coincided with pyridinoline crosslinks, known to stabilize the triple helix. Our results allowed us to establish a chronology of digestion and conclude that cathepsin K preferentially cleaves the extremities of type I collagen before the helical part. We also found that cathepsin K preferentially cleaves amino acid residues with long and hydrophobic lateral chains at the beginning of digestion, whereas no preferred amino acid residues were identified later in the digestion. In conclusion, our workflow successfully identified new cleavage sites and can be easily applied to other proteins or proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Demeuse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Massonnet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Schoumacher
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Grifnée
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Loreen Huyghebaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dubrowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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5
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Biasizzo M, Javoršek U, Vidak E, Zarić M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins: A long and winding road towards clinics. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101150. [PMID: 36283280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research often focuses on properties that differentiate between diseased and healthy tissue; one of the current focuses is elevated expression and altered localisation of proteases. Among these proteases, dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins can frequently be observed in inflammation-associated diseases, which tips the functional balance from normal physiological to pathological manifestations. Their overexpression and secretion regularly exhibit a strong correlation with the development and progression of such diseases, making them attractive pharmacological targets. But beyond their mostly detrimental role in inflammation-associated diseases, cysteine cathepsins are physiologically highly important enzymes involved in various biological processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis and responding to different stimuli. Consequently, several challenges have emerged during the efforts made to translate basic research data into clinical applications. In this review, we present both physiological and pathological roles of cysteine cathepsins and discuss the clinical potential of cysteine cathepsin-targeting strategies for disease management and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biasizzo
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Vidak
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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6
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Zou N, Liu R, Li C. Cathepsin K+ Non-Osteoclast Cells in the Skeletal System: Function, Models, Identity, and Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818462. [PMID: 35912093 PMCID: PMC9326176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (Ctsk) is a cysteine protease of the papain superfamily initially identified in differentiated osteoclasts; it plays a critical role in degrading the bone matrix. However, subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies based on animal models elucidate novel subpopulations of Ctsk-expressing cells, which display markers and properties of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. This review introduces the function, identity, and role of Ctsk+ cells and their therapeutic implications in related preclinical osseous disorder models. It also summarizes the available in vivo models for studying Ctsk+ cells and their progeny. Further investigations of detailed properties and mechanisms of Ctsk+ cells in transgenic models are required to guide potential therapeutic targets in multiple diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Li,
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7
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Rousseau JC, Chapurlat R, Garnero P. Soluble biological markers in osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211040300. [PMID: 34616494 PMCID: PMC8488516 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, markers research has focused on the structural components of cartilage matrix. Specifically, a second generation of degradation markers has been developed against type II collagen neoepitopes generated by specific enzymes. A particular effort has been made to measure the degradation of minor collagens III and X of the cartilage matrix. However, because clinical data, including longitudinal controlled studies, are very scarce, it remains unclear whether they will be useful as an alternative to or in combination with current more established collagen biological markers to assess patients with osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, new approaches using high-throughput technologies allowed to detect new types of markers and improve the knowledge about the metabolic changes linked to OA. The relative advances coming from phenotype research are a first attempt to classify the heterogeneity of OA, and several markers could improve the phenotype characterization. These phenotypes could improve the selection of patients in clinical trials limiting the size of the studies by selecting patients with OA characteristics corresponding to the metabolic pathway targeted by the molecules evaluated. In addition, the inclusion of rapid progressors only in clinical trials would facilitate the demonstration of efficacy of the investigative drug to reduce joint degradation. The combination of selective biochemical markers appears as a promising and cost-effective approach to fulfill this unmet clinical need. Among the various potential roles of biomarkers in OA, their ability to monitor drug efficacy is probably one of the most important, in association with clinical and imaging parameters. Biochemical markers have the unique property to detect changes in joint tissue metabolism within a few weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Rousseau
- INSERM Unit 1033, Pavillon F, Hôpital E. Herriot, 5 Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM 1033, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospice Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Garnero
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France
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8
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Westermann LM, Fleischhauer L, Vogel J, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Ludwig NF, Schau L, Morellini F, Baranowsky A, Yorgan TA, Di Lorenzo G, Schweizer M, de Souza Pinheiro B, Guarany NR, Sperb-Ludwig F, Visioli F, Oliveira Silva T, Soul J, Hendrickx G, Wiegert JS, Schwartz IVD, Clausen-Schaumann H, Zaucke F, Schinke T, Pohl S, Danyukova T. Imbalanced cellular metabolism compromises cartilage homeostasis and joint function in a mouse model of mucolipidosis type III gamma. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046425. [PMID: 33023972 PMCID: PMC7687858 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type III (MLIII) gamma is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GNPTG encoding the γ-subunit of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, the key enzyme ensuring proper intracellular location of multiple lysosomal enzymes. Patients with MLIII gamma typically present with osteoarthritis and joint stiffness, suggesting cartilage involvement. Using Gnptg knockout (Gnptgko ) mice as a model of the human disease, we showed that missorting of a number of lysosomal enzymes is associated with intracellular accumulation of chondroitin sulfate in Gnptgko chondrocytes and their impaired differentiation, as well as with altered microstructure of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). We also demonstrated distinct functional and structural properties of the Achilles tendons isolated from Gnptgko and Gnptab knock-in (Gnptabki ) mice, the latter displaying a more severe phenotype resembling mucolipidosis type II (MLII) in humans. Together with comparative analyses of joint mobility in MLII and MLIII patients, these findings provide a basis for better understanding of the molecular reasons leading to joint pathology in these patients. Our data suggest that lack of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity due to defects in the γ-subunit causes structural changes within the ECM of connective and mechanosensitive tissues, such as cartilage and tendon, and eventually results in functional joint abnormalities typically observed in MLIII gamma patients. This idea was supported by a deficit of the limb motor function in Gnptgko mice challenged on a rotarod under fatigue-associated conditions, suggesting that the impaired motor performance of Gnptgko mice was caused by fatigue and/or pain at the joint.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Westermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Vogel
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nataniel Floriano Ludwig
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lynn Schau
- RG Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- RG Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Di Lorenzo
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruna de Souza Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicole Ruas Guarany
- Occupational Therapy Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jamie Soul
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- RG Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) and the burden associated with the disease are steadily increasing worldwide, representing a major public health challenge for the coming decades. The lack of specific treatments for OA has led to it being recognized as a serious disease that has an unmet medical need. Advances in the understanding of OA pathophysiology have enabled the identification of a variety of potential therapeutic targets involved in the structural progression of OA, some of which are promising and under clinical investigation in randomized controlled trials. Emerging therapies include those targeting matrix-degrading proteases or senescent chondrocytes, promoting cartilage repair or limiting bone remodelling, local low-grade inflammation or Wnt signalling. In addition to these potentially disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs), several targets are being explored for the treatment of OA-related pain, such as nerve growth factor inhibitors. The results of these studies are expected to considerably reshape the landscape of OA management over the next few years. This Review describes the pathophysiological processes targeted by emerging therapies for OA, along with relevant clinical data and discussion of the main challenges for the further development of these therapies, to provide context for the latest advances in the field of pharmaceutical therapies for OA.
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10
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Dai R, Wu Z, Chu HY, Lu J, Lyu A, Liu J, Zhang G. Cathepsin K: The Action in and Beyond Bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32582709 PMCID: PMC7287012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent proteases in lysosomal cysteine proteases family, of which main function is to mediate bone resorption. Currently, CatK is among the most attractive targets for anti-osteoporosis drug development. Although many pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of selective inhibitors for CatK, there is no FDA approved drug till now. Odanacatib (ODN) developed by Merck & Co. is the only CatK inhibitor candidate which demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis in Phase III clinical trials. Unfortunately, the development of ODN was finally terminated due to the cardio-cerebrovascular adverse effects. Therefore, it arouses concerns on the undesirable CatK inhibition in non-bone sites. It is known that CatK has far-reaching actions throughout various organs besides bone. Many studies have also demonstrated the involvement of CatK in various diseases beyond the musculoskeletal system. This review not only summarized the functional roles of CatK in bone and beyond bone, but also discussed the potential relevance of the CatK action beyond bone to the adverse effects of inhibiting CatK in non-bone sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Dai
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zeting Wu
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Liu,
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Ge Zhang,
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11
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Collagen cross-linking mediated by lysyl hydroxylase 2: an enzymatic battlefield to combat fibrosis. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:377-387. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hallmark of fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of collagen, ultimately leading to organ failure. It has become evident that the deposited collagen also exhibits qualitative modifications. A marked modification is the increased cross-linking, leading to a stabilization of the collagen network and limiting fibrosis reversibility. Not only the level of cross-linking is increased, but also the composition of cross-linking is altered: an increase is seen in hydroxyallysine-derived cross-links at the expense of allysine cross-links. This results in irreversible fibrosis, as collagen cross-linked by hydroxyallysine is more difficult to degrade. Hydroxyallysine is derived from a hydroxylysine in the telopeptides of collagen. The expression of lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2 (LH2), the enzyme responsible for the formation of telopeptidyl hydroxylysine, is universally up-regulated in fibrosis. It is expected that inhibition of this enzyme will lead to reversible fibrosis without interfering with the normal repair process. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of collagen modifications and cross-linking, with an emphasis on LH2-mediated hydroxyallysine cross-links, and their implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrosis.
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Vidak E, Javoršek U, Vizovišek M, Turk B. Cysteine Cathepsins and their Extracellular Roles: Shaping the Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030264. [PMID: 30897858 PMCID: PMC6468544 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has dramatically changed, and cathepsins are now considered key players in many important physiological processes, including in diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and various inflammatory diseases. Cathepsins are emerging as important players in the extracellular space, and the paradigm is shifting from the degrading enzymes to the enzymes that can also specifically modify extracellular proteins. In pathological conditions, the activity of cathepsins is often dysregulated, resulting in their overexpression and secretion into the extracellular space. This is typically observed in cancer and inflammation, and cathepsins are therefore considered valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In particular, the investigation of limited proteolysis by cathepsins in the extracellular space is opening numerous possibilities for future break-through discoveries. In this review, we highlight the most important findings that establish cysteine cathepsins as important players in the extracellular space and discuss their roles that reach beyond processing and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In addition, we discuss the recent developments in cathepsin research and the new possibilities that are opening in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vidak
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Löfvall H, Katri A, Dąbrowska A, Karsdal MA, Luo Y, He Y, Manon-Jensen T, Dziegiel MH, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Henriksen K. GPDPLQ 1237-A Type II Collagen Neo-Epitope Biomarker of Osteoclast- and Inflammation-Derived Cartilage Degradation in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3050. [PMID: 30816326 PMCID: PMC6395810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) has been shown to be a highly relevant biomarker of cartilage degradation in human rheumatic diseases, if measured in synovial fluid or urine. However, serum or plasma CTX-II have not been demonstrated to have any clinical utility to date. Here, we describe the GPDPLQ1237 ELISA which targets the EKGPDPLQ↓ neo-epitope, an elongated version of the CTX-II neo-epitope (EKGPDP↓), speculated to be a blood-precursor of CTX-II generated by the cysteine protease cathepsin K. Human osteoclast cartilage resorption cultures as well as oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor α-stimulated bovine cartilage explant cultures were used to validate GPDPLQ1237 biologically by treating the cultures with the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 and/or the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 to assess the potential contributions of these two protease classes to GPDPLQ1237 release. Cartilage resorption-derived GPDPLQ1237 release was inhibited by E-64 (72.1% inhibition), GM6001 (75.5%), and E-64/GM6001 (91.5%), whereas CTX-II release was inhibited by GM6001 (87.0%) but not by E-64 (5.5%). Cartilage explant GPDPLQ1237 and CTX-II release were both fully inhibited by GM6001 but were not inhibited by E-64. No clinically relevant GPDPLQ1237 reactivity was identified in human serum, plasma, or urine from healthy donors or arthritis patients. In conclusion, the GPDPLQ1237 biomarker is released during osteoclast-derived cysteine protease- and MMP-mediated cartilage degradation in vitro, whereas CTX-II release is mediated by MMPs and not by cysteine proteases, as well as from MMP-mediated cartilage degradation under a pro-inflammatory stimulus. These findings suggest that GPDPLQ1237 may be relevant in diseases with pathological osteoclast activity and cartilage degradation. Further studies are required to validate the neo-epitope in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Katri
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Yi He
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Morten H Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Ma B, Wesolowski G, Luo B, Lifsted T, Wessner K, Adamson G, Glantschnig H, Lubbers LS. Suppression of cathepsin K biomarker in synovial fluid as a free-drug-driven process. J Circ Biomark 2019; 8:1849454418821819. [PMID: 30671145 PMCID: PMC6327326 DOI: 10.1177/1849454418821819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitors exhibited chondroprotective and pain-reducing effects in animal models, however, improvements were relatively modest at dose levels achieving maximal suppression of CatK biomarkers in urine. In this report, a previously characterized CatK inhibitor (MK-1256) is utilized to explore the potential of reduced target engagement and/or suboptimal exposure (free drug) as limiting factors to the pharmacological potential of CatK inhibitors in the knee joint. Following oral administration of MK-1256 at a dose level achieving maximal inhibition of urinary biomarker (helical peptide) in dogs, full suppression of the biomarker in synovial fluid was observed. Subsequent tissue distribution studies conducted in dogs and rabbits revealed that MK-1256 levels in synovial fluid and cartilage were consistent with the free-drug hypothesis. Reasonable projection (within twofold) of drug levels in these tissues can be made based on plasma drug concentration with adjustments for binding factors. These results indicate that the previously observed efficacies in the animal models were not limited by compound distribution or target engagement in the knee tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Ma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Traci Lifsted
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Keith Wessner
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Gary Adamson
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura S Lubbers
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, USA
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15
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Vizovišek M, Fonović M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins in extracellular matrix remodeling: Extracellular matrix degradation and beyond. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:141-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Huang K, Wu LD. Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:27-38. [PMID: 29787833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a 19-carbon steroid hormone primarily synthesized in the adrenal gland, exerts a chondroprotective effect against osteoarthritis (OA) and has been considered an effective candidate of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) that slow disease progression. We and others previously demonstrated that DHEA exerted a beneficial effect on osteoarthritic cartilage by positively modulating the balance between anabolic and catabolic factors (e.g., MMPs/TIMP-1, ADAMTS/TIMP-3 and cysteine proteinases/cystatin C), inhibiting catabolic signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin), and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines-mediated low-grade synovial inflammation (e.g., IL-1β). However, the full picture of the pharmacological molecular mechanism(s) underlying the activity of DHEA against OA is still incomplete, and a comprehensive and up-to-date review article in this field is unavailable. In this review, recent findings (apart from the well documented pathogenesis of OA) regarding disease-related mechanisms involving low grade synovial inflammation, cartilage matrix stiffness, chondrocyte autophagy and the roles of a variety of catabolic cellular signaling pathways are discussed. Moreover, the possible relationship between these disease-related mechanisms and DHEA action is discussed. Emerging evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies were scrutinized and are concisely presented to demonstrate the investigational and putative mechanisms underlying the anti-OA potential of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, China
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17
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Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Autologous liquid platelet rich fibrin: A novel drug delivery system. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:35-51. [PMID: 29772345 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently widespread interest within the biomaterial field to locally deliver biomolecules for bone and cartilage regeneration. Substantial work to date has focused on the potential role of these biomolecules during the healing process, and the carrier system utilized is a key factor in their effectiveness. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a naturally derived fibrin scaffold that is easily obtained from peripheral blood following centrifugation. Slower centrifugation speeds have led to the commercialization of a liquid formulation (liquid-PRF) resulting in an upper plasma layer composed of liquid fibrinogen/thrombin prior to clot formation that remains in its liquid phase for approximately 15 min until injected into bodily tissues. Herein, we introduce the use of liquid PRF as an advanced local delivery system for small and large biomolecules. Potential target molecules including large (growth factors/cytokines and morphogenetic/angiogenic factors), as well as small (antibiotics, peptides, gene therapy and anti-osteoporotic) molecules are considered potential candidates for enhanced bone/cartilage tissue regeneration. Furthermore, liquid-PRF is introduced as a potential carrier system for various cell types and nano-sized particles that are capable of limiting/by-passing the immune system and minimizing potential foreign body reactions within host tissues following injection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is currently widespread interest within the biomaterial field to locally deliver biomolecules for bone and cartilage regeneration. This review article focuses on the use of a liquid version of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) composed of liquid fibrinogen/thrombin as a drug delivery system. Herein, we introduce the use of liquid PRF as an advanced local delivery system for small and large biomolecules including growth factors, cytokines and morphogenetic/angiogenic factors, as well as antibiotics, peptides, gene therapy and anti-osteoporotic molecules as potential candidates for enhanced bone/cartilage tissue regeneration.
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18
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McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Frisbie DD, Little CB, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ, Karsdal MA, Ekman S, Laverty S, Slayden RA, Sandell LJ, Lohmander LS, Kraus VB. Biomarkers for equine joint injury and osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:823-831. [PMID: 28921609 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a symposium aimed at identifying validated biomarkers that can be used to complement clinical observations for diagnosis and prognosis of joint injury leading to equine osteoarthritis (OA). Biomarkers might also predict pre-fracture change that could lead to catastrophic bone failure in equine athletes. The workshop was attended by leading scientists in the fields of equine and human musculoskeletal biomarkers to enable cross-disciplinary exchange and improve knowledge in both. Detailed proceedings with strategic planning was written, added to, edited and referenced to develop this manuscript. The most recent information from work in equine and human osteoarthritic biomarkers was accumulated, including the use of personalized healthcare to stratify OA phenotypes, transcriptome analysis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries in the human knee. The spectrum of "wet" biomarker assays that are antibody based that have achieved usefulness in both humans and horses, imaging biomarkers and the role they can play in equine and human OA was discussed. Prediction of musculoskeletal injury in the horse remains a challenge, and the potential usefulness of spectroscopy, metabolomics, proteomics, and development of biobanks to classify biomarkers in different stages of equine and human OA were reviewed. The participants concluded that new information and studies in equine musculoskeletal biomarkers have potential translational value for humans and vice versa. OA is equally important in humans and horses, and the welfare issues associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in horses add further emphasis to the need for good validated biomarkers in the horse. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:823-831, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Christopher E Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - David D Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Labs, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Linda J Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - L S Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Watt FE. Osteoarthritis biomarkers: year in review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:312-318. [PMID: 29107060 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise important findings from biomarker studies relevant to osteoarthritis (OA), published between April 2016 and March 2017; to consider these findings in the context of new discoveries and technologies, and clinical and scientific need in OA. DESIGN Studies were selected by PubMed search, conducted between 01/04/2016 and 01/03/2017. MeSH terms [biomarker] AND [OA] were used; the search was restricted to Human, English language and Full Text Available publications, which yielded 50 eligible publications. Any biomarker was considered, including non-proteins and other clinical measurements. RESULTS Three main areas are overviewed: 1) Studies examining highly validated biomarkers, in the FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium and elsewhere, particularly their ongoing application and validation. Control reference intervals, work on predictive validity and other longitudinal studies examining prognostic value of biomarkers in large cohorts are reviewed. 2) Novel studies relating to biomarkers of inflammation are discussed, including complement, the performance of markers of so-called 'cold inflammation' and results from clinical trials including biomarkers. 3) Discovery studies, including whole blood RNA, proteomics and metabolomics are reviewed, with an emphasis on new technologies. CONCLUSIONS Discovery, characterisation and qualification of various biomarkers is ongoing; several novel protein and non-protein candidate biomarkers have been reported this year. Biomarkers provide us with an opportunity to better diagnose and stratify the disease, via established panels or new discovery approaches. Improving quality of sampling and testing, and measuring large numbers of markers simultaneously in large cohorts would seem likely to identify new clinically applicable biomarkers, which are still much needed in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Watt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Despite an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and the availability of a number of drugs designed to ameliorate its symptoms, a successful disease-modifying therapy remains elusive. Recent lines of evidence suggest that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a 19-carbon steroid hormone classified as an adrenal androgen, exerts a chondroprotective effect in OA patients, and it has been proven to be an effective DMOAD candidate that slows OA progression. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its anti-OA effect is largely unknown. This review summarizes emerging observations from studies of cell biology, preclinical animal studies, and preliminary clinical trials and describes the findings of investigations on this topic to develop an initial blueprint of the mechanisms by which DHEA slows OA progression. Presently, studies on DMOADs are increasing in importance but have met limited success. Encouragingly, the current data on DHEA are promising and may prove that DHEA-based treatment is efficacious for preventing and slowing human OA progression.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Allen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgical Discovery Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Noé B, Poole AR, Mort JS, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. C2K77 ELISA detects cleavage of type II collagen by cathepsin K in equine articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:2119-2126. [PMID: 28882751 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Develop a species-specific ELISA for a neo-epitope generated by cathepsin K cleavage of equine type II collagen to: (1) measure cartilage type II collagen degradation by cathepsin K in vitro, (2) identify cytokines that upregulate cathepsin K expression and (3) compare cathepsin K with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) collagenase activity in stimulated cartilage explants and freshly isolated normal and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilages. DESIGN A new ELISA (C2K77) was developed and tested by measuring the activity of exogenous cathepsin K on equine articular cartilage explants. The ELISA was then employed to measure endogenous cathepsin K activity in cultured cartilage explants with or without stimulation by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), oncostatin M (OSM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cathepsin K activity in cartilage explants (control and osteoarthritic-OA) and freshly harvested cartilage (control and OA) was compared to that of MMPs employing C2K77 and C1,2C immunoassays. RESULTS The addition of Cathepsin K to normal cartilage caused a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the C2K77 epitope release. Whereas the content of C1,2C, that reflects MMP collagenase activity, was increased in media by the addition to cartilage explants of TNF-α and OSM (P < 0.0001) or IL-1β and OSM (P = 0.002), no change was observed in C2K77 which also unchanged in OA cartilages compared to normal. CONCLUSIONS The ELISA C2K77 measured the activity of cathepsin K in equine cartilage which was unchanged in OA cartilage. Cytokines that upregulate MMP collagenase activity had no effect on endogenous cathepsin K activity, suggesting a different activation mechanism that requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Noé
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - A R Poole
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J S Mort
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Richard
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - G Beauchamp
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie Vétérinaires, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - S Laverty
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory degenerative process that affects joints such as the hands, hips, shoulders, feet, spine, and especially knees in millions of people worldwide. Some authors have shown that Curcuma longa components may exhibit benefic effects in the treatment of degenerative diseases as OA. This plant belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and it is popularly known as turmeric or saffron. This review intended to perform a retrospective search to identify studies involving humans and animal models. This review was based on articles linking OA and C. longa. Databases as Medline, Science Direct, and Lilacs were consulted and a retrospective search was carried out in order to identify studies involving humans and animal models. The curcuminoids from C. longa exhibit actions at different locations in the pathogenesis of OA once it may play an important role as anti-inflammatory, down-regulating enzymes as phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, and lipoxygenases, and reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-and interleukins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8. They also act as inducer of apoptosis in synoviocytes, decreasing the inflammation process and may also reduce the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. For these reasons, new pharmaceutical technology and pharmacological studies should be proposed to determine the dose, the best delivery vehicle, pharmaceutical formulation and route of administration of this plant so its use as an adjunct in the treatment of OA may become a reality in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cristina Akuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Meira Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
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Ondrésik M, Azevedo Maia FR, da Silva Morais A, Gertrudes AC, Dias Bacelar AH, Correia C, Gonçalves C, Radhouani H, Amandi Sousa R, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Management of knee osteoarthritis. Current status and future trends. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:717-739. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ondrésik
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Fatima R. Azevedo Maia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gertrudes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Ana H. Dias Bacelar
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Cristina Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Hajer Radhouani
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Rui Amandi Sousa
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
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