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Ramos YFM, Rice SJ, Ali SA, Pastrello C, Jurisica I, Rai MF, Collins KH, Lang A, Maerz T, Geurts J, Ruiz-Romero C, June RK, Thomas Appleton C, Rockel JS, Kapoor M. Evolution and advancements in genomics and epigenomics in OA research: How far we have come. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:858-868. [PMID: 38428513 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease affecting articulating joint tissues, resulting in local and systemic changes that contribute to increased pain and reduced function. Diverse technological advancements have culminated in the advent of high throughput "omic" technologies, enabling identification of comprehensive changes in molecular mediators associated with the disease. Amongst these technologies, genomics and epigenomics - including methylomics and miRNomics, have emerged as important tools to aid our biological understanding of disease. DESIGN In this narrative review, we selected articles discussing advancements and applications of these technologies to OA biology and pathology. We discuss how genomics, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylomics, and miRNomics have uncovered disease-related molecular markers in the local and systemic tissues or fluids of OA patients. RESULTS Genomics investigations into the genetic links of OA, including using genome-wide association studies, have evolved to identify 100+ genetic susceptibility markers of OA. Epigenomic investigations of gene methylation status have identified the importance of methylation to OA-related catabolic gene expression. Furthermore, miRNomic studies have identified key microRNA signatures in various tissues and fluids related to OA disease. CONCLUSIONS Sharing of standardized, well-annotated omic datasets in curated repositories will be key to enhancing statistical power to detect smaller and targetable changes in the biological signatures underlying OA pathogenesis. Additionally, continued technological developments and analysis methods, including using computational molecular and regulatory networks, are likely to facilitate improved detection of disease-relevant targets, in-turn, supporting precision medicine approaches and new treatment strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande F M Ramos
- Dept. Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Rice
- Biosciences Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shabana Amanda Ali
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC -Hospital Universitario A Coruña, SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason S Rockel
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Timmermans RGM, Blom AB, Nelissen RGHH, Broekhuis D, van der Kraan PM, Meulenbelt I, van den Bosch MHJ, Ramos YFM. Mechanical stress and inflammation have opposite effects on Wnt signaling in human chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:286-295. [PMID: 37525432 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt) signaling has been strongly associated with development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we set out to investigate the independent effects of either mechanical stress (MS) or inflammation on Wnt signaling in human neocartilage pellets, and to relate this Wnt signaling to OA pathophysiology. OA synovium-conditioned media (OAS-CM) was collected after incubating synovium from human end-stage OA joints for 24 h in medium. Cytokine levels in the OAS-CM were determined with a multiplex immunoassay (Luminex). Human neocartilage pellets were exposed to 20% MS, 2% OAS-CM or 1 ng/mL Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Effects on expression levels of Wnt signaling members were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the expression of these members in articular cartilage from human OA joints was analyzed in association with joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophyte scores. Protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor positively correlated with each other. MS increased noncanonical WNT5A and FOS expression. In contrast, these genes were downregulated upon stimulation with OAS-CM or IL-1β. Furthermore, Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and FRZB decreased in response to OAS-CM or IL-1β exposure. Finally, expression of WNT5A in OA articular cartilage was associated with increased JSN scores, but not osteophyte scores. Our results demonstrate that MS and inflammatory stimuli have opposite effects on canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in human neocartilage. Considering the extent to which MS and inflammation contribute to OA in individual patients, we hypothesize that targeting specific Wnt pathways offers a more effective, individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie G M Timmermans
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Demiën Broekhuis
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yuan W, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xu C, Li Q, Ji P, Wang J, Feng P, Wu Y, Shen H, Wang P. Reduced APPL1 impairs osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by facilitating MGP expression to disrupt the BMP2 pathway in osteoporosis. J Biol Chem 2023:104823. [PMID: 37187293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Our previous study verified that APPL1/myoferlin deficiency promotes adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by blocking autophagic flux in osteoporosis. However, the function of APPL1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of APPL1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in osteoporosis and the underlying regulatory mechanism. In this study, we demonstrated the downregulation of APPL1 expression in osteoporosis patients and osteoporosis mice. The severity of clinical osteoporosis was negatively correlated with the expression of APPL1 in bone marrow MSCs. We found that APPL1 positively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of MGP, an osteocalcin/matrix Gla family member, was significantly upregulated after APPL1 knockdown. Mechanistically, our study showed that reduced APPL1 impaired the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by facilitating MGP expression to disrupt the BMP2 pathway in osteoporosis. We also evaluated the significance of APPL1 in promoting osteogenesis in a mouse model of osteoporosis. These results suggest that APPL1 may be an important target for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xinglang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chenhao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Pei Feng
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Lu J, Hu D, Ma C, Shuai B. Advances in Our Understanding of the Mechanism of Action of Drugs (including Traditional Chinese Medicines) for the Intervention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938447. [PMID: 35774616 PMCID: PMC9237325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is known as a silent disease in which the loss of bone mass and bone density does not cause obvious symptoms, resulting in insufficient treatment and preventive measures. The losses of bone mass and bone density become more severe over time and an only small percentage of patients are diagnosed when OP-related fractures occur. The high disability and mortality rates of OP-related fractures cause great psychological and physical damage and impose a heavy economic burden on individuals and society. Therefore, early intervention and treatment must be emphasized to achieve the overall goal of reducing the fracture risk. Anti-OP drugs are currently divided into three classes: antiresorptive agents, anabolic agents, and drugs with other mechanisms. In this review, research progress related to common anti-OP drugs in these three classes as well as targeted therapies is summarized to help researchers and clinicians understand their mechanisms of action and to promote pharmacological research and novel drug development.
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Rodríguez Ruiz A, van Hoolwerff M, Sprangers S, Suchiman E, Schoenmaker T, Dibbets-Schneider P, Bloem JL, Nelissen RGHH, Freund C, Mummery C, Everts V, de Vries TJ, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Mutation in the CCAL1 locus accounts for bidirectional process of human subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:360-372. [PMID: 35412619 PMCID: PMC9788812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the mechanism by which the readthrough mutation in TNFRSF11B, encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG) with additional 19 amino acids at its C-terminus (OPG-XL), causes the characteristic bidirectional phenotype of subchondral bone turnover accompanied by cartilage mineralization in chondrocalcinosis patients. METHODS OPG-XL was studied by human induced pluripotent stem cells expressing OPG-XL and two isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls in cartilage and bone organoids. Osteoclastogenesis was studied with monocytes from OPG-XL carriers and matched healthy controls followed by gene expression characterization. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and MRI analyses were used to characterize the phenotype of carriers and non-carriers of the mutation. RESULTS Human OPG-XL carriers relative to sex- and age-matched controls showed, after an initial delay, large active osteoclasts with high number of nuclei. By employing hiPSCs expressing OPG-XL and isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls to established cartilage and bone organoids, we demonstrated that expression of OPG-XL resulted in excessive fibrosis in cartilage and high mineralization in bone accompanied by marked downregulation of MGP, encoding matrix Gla protein, and upregulation of DIO2, encoding type 2 deiodinase, gene expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The readthrough mutation at CCAL1 locus in TNFRSF11B identifies an unknown role for OPG-XL in subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization in humans via DIO2 and MGP functions. Previously, OPG-XL was shown to affect binding between RANKL and heparan sulphate (HS) resulting in loss of immobilized OPG-XL. Therefore, effects may be triggered by deficiency in the immobilization of OPG-XL Since the characteristic bidirectional pathophysiology of articular cartilage calcification accompanied by low subchondral bone mineralization is also a hallmark of OA pathophysiology, our results are likely extrapolated to common arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eka Suchiman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology,Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam
| | | | | | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Oral Cell Biology,Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Correspondence to: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC Postzone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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Timmermans RG, Bloks NG, Tuerlings M, van Hoolwerff M, Nelissen RG, van der Wal RJ, van der Kraan PM, Blom AB, van den Bosch MH, Ramos YF, Meulenbelt I. A human in vitro 3D neo-cartilage model to explore the response of OA risk genes to hyper-physiological mechanical stress. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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