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Kouda K, Fujita Y, Nakama C, Ohara K, Tachiki T, Tamaki J, Yura A, Moon JS, Kajita E, Imai N, Uenishi K, Iki M. Association between trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and renal function in elderly Japanese men: baseline data from the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 37183008 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity as measured by waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) has been reported to be associated with renal hemodynamics and function. However, the adipose component of WHR, which is a composite measure of fat mass and fat-free mass, is small, particularly in nonobese subjects. Trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio as measured using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) is a more precise method for evaluating central fat distribution than WHR. The present study investigated the cross-sectional association between DXA-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in community-dwelling elderly Japanese men. METHODS Participants were 575 men aged ≥65 years at the time of the baseline survey of the second Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) cohort study. Trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat (sum of arm and leg fat), and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) as trunk fat divided by leg fat. RESULTS eGFR values significantly decreased from the lowest to the highest quintile of TAR/TLR. After adjusting for potential confounding factors including whole-body fat, the highest quintile of both TAR and TLR showed statistically significant odds ratios for the risk of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, relative to the lowest quintile. In addition, a significant decreasing trend was observed for eGFR values from the lowest to the highest quintile of TAR/TLR after adjusting for confounding factors including whole-body fat. CONCLUSION Elderly men with a large trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio tended to have a lower eGFR. This association occurred independently of that between whole-body fat and eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Center for Medical Education, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Chikako Nakama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | | | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akiko Yura
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nami Imai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
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Zhao S, Tang J, Zhao Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Yu S, Zhang Y. The impact of body composition and fat distribution on blood pressure in young and middle-aged adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979042. [PMID: 36118739 PMCID: PMC9478411 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of each component of body composition to blood pressure (BP) remain unclear. Objective We aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of body composition and fat distribution on BP and quantify their relative contributions to BP in a large cohort with young and middle-aged adults. Methods 14,412 participants with available data on whole-body DXA measurement from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Multiple stepwise linear regressions of BP on components of body composition and fat distribution were built. Then, relative importance analysis was performed to quantify the contributions of each component to BP. Results The median age of participants was 36 years and there were 50.7% women. Linear regression with mutual adjustment showed that total fat mass, total muscle mass, and trunk fat mass significantly and positively associated with BP; however, arm and leg fat mass significantly and negatively associated with BP. In men, after further adjusted for potential covariates, SBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.33, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = − 0.12, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.10, P < 0.001); and DBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.52, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = −0.15, P < 0.001), arm fat mass (β = −0.23, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.06, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in women. Relative importance analysis showed that trunk fat mass was the major contributor (38–61%) to both SBP and DBP; meanwhile, total muscle mass also made relatively great contribution (35–43%) to SBP. Conclusion Both fat mass and muscle mass independently associated with and substantially contributed to SBP in both men and women. After full adjustment, trunk fat mass positively associated with both SBP and DBP, and was the most dominant contributor to BP; however, leg fat mass negatively associated with both SBP and DBP.
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Kouda K, Fujita Y, Ohara K, Tachiki T, Tamaki J, Yura A, Moon JS, Kajita E, Uenishi K, Iki M. Associations between trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors in elderly Japanese men: baseline data from the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:35. [PMID: 33743595 PMCID: PMC7980554 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass-independent parameters might be more appropriate for assessing cardiometabolic abnormalities than weight-dependent indices in Asians who have relatively high visceral adiposity but low body fat. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio is one such body mass-independent index. However, there are no reports on relationships between DXA-measured regional fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors targeting elderly Asian men. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data of 597 elderly men who participated in the baseline survey of the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study, a community-based single-center prospective cohort study conducted in Japan. Whole-body fat and regional fat were measured with a DXA scanner. Trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat (sum of arm and leg fat), and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) as trunk fat divided by leg fat. Results Both TAR and TLR in the group of men who used ≥ 1 medication for hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes (“user group”; N = 347) were significantly larger than those who did not use such medication (“non-user group”; N = 250) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including whole-body fat, both TAR and TLR were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting serum insulin, and the insulin resistance index in the non-user group and non-overweight men in the non-user group (N = 199). Conclusion The trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors independently of whole-body fat mass. Parameters of the fat ratio may be useful for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in underweight to normal-weight populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tachiki
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, 2216 Tokicho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akiko Yura
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jong-Seong Moon
- Department of Nursing, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, 2216 Tokicho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Zhou Y, Ke S, Wu K, Huang J, Gao X, Li B, Lin X, Liu X, Liu X, Ma L, Wang L, Wu L, Wu L, Xie C, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu L. Correlation between Thyroid Homeostasis and Obesity in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Research. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6663553. [PMID: 34135958 PMCID: PMC8179776 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It remains unknown whether obesity has an effect on the pituitary-thyroid feedback control axis in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid homeostasis with obesity in a SCH population. METHODS Our study consisted of a community-based and cross-sectional study from the Epidemiological Survey of Thyroid Diseases in Fujian Province, China. A total of 193 subjects with SCH (90 males and 103 females) without a history of treatment of thyroid disease, such as surgery, radiation, and thyroid hormone or antithyroid medication, were included in the present study. Indices of obesity, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were measured. RESULTS Our results showed that the secretory capacity of the thyroid gland (SPINA-GT) and Jostel's thyrotropin index (TSHI) were negatively correlated with BMI, WC, and WHtR, whereas the reciprocal of the thyrotroph thyroid hormone resistance index (TTSI-1) was positively correlated with BMI (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, iodine status, and glucolipid metabolism, the associations between TSHI, TTSI (reciprocal transformation), and BMI still persisted (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low levels of thyroid homeostasis indexes may be associated with overall obesity in SCH, rather than central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Sujie Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Kejun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jingze Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xuelin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chengwen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Junjun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Kouda K, Iki M, Fujita Y, Nakamura H, Hamada M, Uenishi K, Miyake M, Nishiyama T. Trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio predicts a subsequent blood pressure in normal-weight pubertal boys: a 3-year follow-up of the Kitakata Kids Health Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:41. [PMID: 32819267 PMCID: PMC7441546 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between central-to-peripheral fat ratio measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and subsequent cardiometabolic risk in both pediatric and adult populations. METHODS The present cohort study investigated the relationship between DXA-measured body fat distribution and cardiometabolic parameters. The source population was 275 4th-6th graders (aged 9.6-12.6 years) in the northeast region of Japan (Shiokawa area in Kitakata). A 3-year follow-up was conducted to obtain complete information from 155 normal-weight children (87 boys and 68 girls). Normal-weight children were identified using sex- and age-specific international cut-offs for body mass index (BMI) based on adult BMI values of 25 kg/m2 and 18.5 kg/m2, respectively. Body fat distribution was assessed using the trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) measured by DXA. RESULTS In boys, systolic blood pressure (SBP) at follow-up showed a significant relationship with TAR at baseline after adjusting for age, height, pubic hair appearance, SBP, and whole body fat at baseline (β = 0.24, P < 0.05), and SBP also showed a significant relationship with TLR after adjusting for confounding factors including whole body fat (β = 0.25, P < 0.05). In girls, there were no significant relationships between blood pressure and TAR/TLR. CONCLUSION Body fat distribution in normal-weight boys predicted subsequent blood pressure levels in adolescence. The relationship between fat distribution and blood pressure was independent of fat volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Harunobu Nakamura
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Hamada
- Department of Nursing, Chukyo Gakuin University, 2216 Toki-cho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Mari Miyake
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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