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Dubey SK, Pradyuth SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Agrawal M, Shapiro BA, Puri A. Application of photodynamic therapy drugs for management of glioma. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human gliomas are one of the most prevalent and challenging-to-treat adult brain tumors, and thus result in high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Current research and treatments of gliomas include surgery associated with conventional chemotherapy, use of biologicals, radiotherapy, and medical device applications. The selected treatment options are often guided by the category and aggressiveness of this deadly disease and the patient’s conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches is still limited due to poor drug efficacy (including delivery to desired sites), undesirable side effects, and high costs associated with therapies. In addition, the degree of leakiness of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that regulates trafficking of molecules in and out of the brain also modulates accumulation of adequate drug levels to tumor sites. Active research is being pursued to overcome these limitations to obtain a superior therapeutic index and enhanced patient survival. One area of development in this direction focuses on the localized application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs to cure brain cancers. PDT molecules potentially utilize multiple pathways based on their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation by a suitable light source. In this communication, we have attempted to provide a brief overview of PDT and cancer, photoactivation pathways, mechanism of tumor destruction, effect of PDT on tumor cell viability, immune activation, various research attempted by applying PDT in combination with novel strategies to treat glioma, role of BBB and clinical status of PDT therapy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sai K. Pradyuth
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Ranendra N. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute — Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute — Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Stepp H, Stummer W. 5‐ALA in the management of malignant glioma. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:399-419. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Stepp
- LIFE Center and Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of MunichFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1981377MunichGermany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Clinic MünsterAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude A148149MünsterGermany
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Abdel Gaber SA, Müller P, Zimmermann W, Hüttenberger D, Wittig R, Abdel Kader MH, Stepp H. ABCG2-mediated suppression of chlorin e6 accumulation and photodynamic therapy efficiency in glioblastoma cell lines can be reversed by KO143. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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ALA-PpIX mediated photodynamic therapy of malignant gliomas augmented by hypothermia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181654. [PMID: 28759636 PMCID: PMC5536352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are highly invasive, difficult to treat, and account for 2% of cancer deaths worldwide. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) comprises the most common and aggressive intracranial tumor. The study hypothesis is to investigate the modification of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) efficacy by mild hypothermia leads to increased glioma cell kill while protecting normal neuronal structures. Methods Photosensitizer accumulation and PDT efficacy in vitro were quantified in various glioma cell lines, primary rat neurons, and astrocytes. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy brain and RG2 glioma of naïve Fischer rats. Hypothermia was induced at 1 hour pre- to 2 hours post-PDT, with ALA-PpIX accumulation and PDT treatments effects on tumor and normal brain PDT quantified using optical spectroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, MRI, and survival studies, respectively. Findings In vitro studies demonstrated significantly improved post-PDT survival in primary rat neuronal cells. Rat in vivo studies confirmed a neuroprotective effect to hypothermia following PpIX mediated PDT by T2 mapping at day 10, reflecting edema/inflammation volume reduction. Mild hypothermia increased PpIX fluorescence in tumors five-fold, and the median post-PDT rat survival time (8.5 days normothermia; 14 days hypothermia). Histology and immunohistochemistry show close to complete cellular protection in normal brain structures under hypothermia. Conclusions The benefits of hypothermia on both normal neuronal tissue as well as increased PpIX fluorescence and RG2 induced rat survival strongly suggest a role for hypothermia in photonics-based surgical techniques, and that a hypothermic intervention could lead to considerable patient outcome improvements.
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Christie C, Pomeroy A, Nair R, Berg K, Hirschberg H. Photodynamic therapy enhances the efficacy of gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:140-148. [PMID: 28257943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) employing the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, which encodes an enzyme that converts the nontoxic agent 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has shown promise both in experimental animals and in clinical trials. Nevertheless, with the transfection systems available presently the percentage of tumor cells incorporating the desired gene is usually too low for successful therapy. We have examined the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the efficacy of the metabolites, converted from 5-FC by CD gene transfected rat glioma cells. METHODS Hybrid tumor cell spheroids consisting of CD poitive and CD negative F98 glioma cells in varying ratios were used as in vitro tumor models. PDT was performed with the photosensitizer AlPcS2a and λ=670nm laser irradiance, both before and after confrontation with 5-FC. RESULTS PDT increased the toxicity of 5-FU either as pure drug or derived from monolayers of CD positive cells chalanged with 5-FC. PDT in combination with 5-FC resulted in a significantly enhanced inhibition of hybrid spheroid growth compared to non light treated controls. This was the case even at tumor to producer cell ratios as high as 40:1. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that GDEPT and PDT interact in a synergistic manner over a range of prodrug concentration and tumor to transfected cell ratios. The degree of synergy was significant regardless if PDT treatment was given before or after 5-FC administration. The highest degree of interaction was observed though, when PDT was delivered prior to prodrug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Christie
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Aftin Pomeroy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Rohit Nair
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Dept. of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henry Hirschberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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Gourlay J, Morokoff A, Luwor R, Zhu HJ, Kaye A, Stylli S. The emergent role of exosomes in glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 35:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Paunovic V, Ristic B, Markovic Z, Todorovic-Markovic B, Kosic M, Prekodravac J, Kravic-Stevovic T, Martinovic T, Micusik M, Spitalsky Z, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent apoptotic photocytotoxicity of solvent exchange-prepared curcumin nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:37. [PMID: 27106025 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indian spice curcumin is known for its anticancer properties, but the anticancer mechanisms of nanoparticulate curcumin have not been completely elucidated. We here investigated the in vitro anticancer effect of blue light (470 nm, 1 W)-irradiated curcumin nanoparticles prepared by tetrahydrofuran/water solvent exchange, using U251 glioma, B16 melanoma, and H460 lung cancer cells as targets. The size of curcumin nanocrystals was approximately 250 nm, while photoexcitation induced their oxidation and partial agglomeration. Although cell membrane in the absence of light was almost impermeable to curcumin nanoparticles, photoexcitation stimulated their internalization. While irradiation with blue light (1-8 min) or nanocurcumin (1.25-10 μg/ml) alone was only marginally toxic to tumor cells, photoexcited nanocurcumin displayed a significant cytotoxicity depending both on the irradiation time and nanocurcumin concentration. Photoexcited nanocurcumin induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activation, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, indicating apoptotic cell death. Accordingly, pharmacologial inhibition of JNK and caspase activity rescued cancer cells from photoexcited nanocurcumin. On the other hand, antioxidant treatment did not reduce photocytotoxicity of nanocurcumin, arguing against the involvement of oxidative stress. By demonstrating the ability of photoexcited nanocurcumin to induce oxidative-stress independent, JNK- and caspase-dependent apoptosis, our results support its further investigation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Zoran Markovic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Biljana Todorovic-Markovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Prekodravac
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Matej Micusik
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdeno Spitalsky
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Hernández Quintanar LF, López Silva FY, Fabila Bustos DA, Serrano Navarro J, de La Rosa Vázquez JM, Brodin PN, Guha C, Tomé WA, Stolik Isakina S. In Vitro Photoirradiation System for Simultaneous Irradiation with Different Light Doses at a Fixed Temperature. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:108-15. [PMID: 26890993 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this work an irradiance and temperature controlled in-vitro system for conducting investigations in PDT and phototherapy is presented. BACKGROUND DATA The development of new light sources has caused a considerable increase in research and application of several photodynamic (PDT) therapeutic methods, as well as other light-based therapeutic techniques. However, further work is needed to fully understand and elucidate the mechanisms as well as to increase the effectiveness of PDT. Nowadays, there are no commercial systems to perform automated light exposure experiments with cultured cells. Also, there are very few reports of similar photoirradiation systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The system is composed of 24 independent light-emitting diodes that can be used to irradiate separate wells in a microwell plate. The system includes a module to measure changes in temperature within each irradiated well without contact. The light sources are placed on a plate that can easily be changed in order to irradiate at different wavelengths. The performance of the system is fully controlled with a computer, and all the experimental data are properly recorded. RESULTS The design, construction, operation, and a full characterization of the system are presented. CONCLUSIONS A novel fully automated photoirradiation system has been developed. The system allows the design of the experiments in this area with precise dosimetry, temperature, and irradiation regime controls reducing manipulation of the samples and saving time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Hernández Quintanar
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
| | - Fulgencio Y López Silva
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
| | - Diego A Fabila Bustos
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
| | - Joel Serrano Navarro
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
| | - José M de La Rosa Vázquez
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
| | - Patrik N Brodin
- 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Chandan Guha
- 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Tomé
- 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Suren Stolik Isakina
- 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México
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Wang Z, Chen Q. β-catenin knockdown inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1059-1064. [PMID: 26998037 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a crucial oncogene that is capable of regulating cancer progression. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether β-catenin was associated with the proliferation and progress of glioma. In order to knockdown the expression of β-catenin in human U251 glioma cells, three pairs of small interfering (si)RNA were designed and synthesized and the most effective siRNA was selected and used for silencing the endogenous β-catenin, which was detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Proliferation was subsequently detected using a methylthiazolyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the results demonstrated that knockdown of β-catenin significantly inhibited the proliferation of U251 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that β-catenin siRNA significantly increased the apoptosis of U251 cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of an in vitro scratch assay demonstrated that β-catenin silencing suppressed the proliferation of U251 cells, as compared with the control group (P<0.01). In vivo, β-catenin expression levels in U251 cells were significantly inhibited (P<0.01) following β-catenin short hairpin (sh)RNA lentiviral-vector transfection, as detected by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. Tumorigenicity experiments demonstrated that β-catenin inhibition significantly increased the survival rate of nude mice. The results of the present study demonstrated that knockdown of β-catenin expression significantly inhibited the progression of human glioma cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo; thus suggesting that β-catenin silencing may be a novel therapy for the treatment of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Endo S, Kudo N, Yamaguchi S, Sumiyoshi K, Motegi H, Kobayashi H, Terasaka S, Houkin K. Porphyrin derivatives-mediated sonodynamic therapy for malignant gliomas in vitro. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2458-2465. [PMID: 26071619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because it is highly infiltrative, malignant glioma is a cancer with a poor prognosis despite multidisciplinary treatment strategies, such as aggressive surgery and chemoradiotherapy, necessitating new therapeutic approaches to control migration of tumor cells. In our study, we investigated the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy of glioma cells in vitro using porphyrin derivatives, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, protoporphyrin IX and talaporfin sodium, as sonosensitizers. These substances have been known to accumulate in glioma cells and are expected to have cytotoxic effects on sonication. Our study found that the cytotoxicity of sonication of glioma cells is enhanced by each sonosensitizer and that the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy may depend on the degree of intracellular accumulation of sonosensitizer. Also, the study suggests that induction of apoptosis is a major mechanism underlying cell death. Though further investigations are necessary, our preliminary result indicates a potential for sonodynamic therapy with sonosensitizers in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kudo
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Sumiyoshi
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motegi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Terasaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Niu CJ, Fisher C, Scheffler K, Wan R, Maleki H, Liu H, Sun Y, A Simmons C, Birngruber R, Lilge L. Polyacrylamide gel substrates that simulate the mechanical stiffness of normal and malignant neuronal tissues increase protoporphyin IX synthesis in glioma cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:098002. [PMID: 26405823 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) produced following the administration of exogenous 5d-aminolevulinic acid is clinically approved for photodynamic therapy and fluorescence-guided resection in various jurisdictions around the world. For both applications, quantification of PPIX forms the basis for accurate therapeutic dose calculation and identification of malignant tissues for resection. While it is well established that the PPIX synthesis and accumulation rates are subject to the cell’s biochemical microenvironment, the effect of the physical microenvironment, such as matrix stiffness, has received little attention to date. Here we studied the proliferation rate and PPIX synthesis and accumulation in two glioma cell lines U373 and U118 cultured under five different substrate conditions, including the conventional tissue culture plastic and polyacrylamide gels that simulated tissue stiffness of normal brain (1 kPa) and glioblastoma tumors (12 kPa). We found that the proliferation rate increased with substrate stiffness for both cell lines, but not in a linear fashion. PPIX concentration was significantly higher in cells cultured on tissue-simulating gels than on the much stiffer tissue culture plastic for both cell lines. These findings, albeit preliminary, suggest that the physical microenvironment might be an important determinant of tumor aggressiveness and PPIX synthesis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Niu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Carl Fisher
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Kira Scheffler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Rachel Wan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Hoda Maleki
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Haijiao Liu
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
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Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of brain tumours. A feasibility study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Quirk BJ, Brandal G, Donlon S, Vera JC, Mang TS, Foy AB, Lew SM, Girotti AW, Jogal S, LaViolette PS, Connelly JM, Whelan HT. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant brain tumors--where do we stand? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:530-44. [PMID: 25960361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION What is the current status of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with regard to treating malignant brain tumors? Despite several decades of effort, PDT has yet to achieve standard of care. PURPOSE The questions we wish to answer are: where are we clinically with PDT, why is it not standard of care, and what is being done in clinical trials to get us there. METHOD Rather than a meta-analysis or comprehensive review, our review focuses on who the major research groups are, what their approaches to the problem are, and how their results compare to standard of care. Secondary questions include what the effective depth of light penetration is, and how deep can we expect to kill tumor cells. CURRENT RESULTS A measurable degree of necrosis is seen to a depth of about 5mm. Cavitary PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) results are encouraging, but need an adequate Phase III trial. Talaporfin with cavitary light application appears promising, although only a small case series has been reported. Foscan for fluorescence guided resection (FGR) plus intraoperative cavitary PDT results were improved over controls, but are poor compared to other groups. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-FGR plus postop cavitary HpD PDT show improvement over controls, but the comparison to standard of care is still poor. CONCLUSION Continued research in PDT will determine whether the advances shown will mitigate morbidity and mortality, but certainly the potential for this modality to revolutionize the treatment of brain tumors remains. The various uses for PDT in clinical practice should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Quirk
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Garth Brandal
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Steven Donlon
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Thomas S Mang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrew B Foy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sean M Lew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sachin Jogal
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Peter S LaViolette
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer M Connelly
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Harry T Whelan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Luwor RB, Stylli SS, Kaye AH. Using bioluminescence imaging in glioma research. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:779-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Ware TM, Tan F, Kaye AH. Mouse models of glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang LJ, O'Shea D, Zhang CY, Yan YJ, Wang L, Chen ZL. Evaluation of a bacteriochlorin-based photosensitizer's anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1921-30. [PMID: 25804838 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacteriochlorin derivatives are promising photosensitive agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. In the current study, the photodynamic activity of a novel bacteriochlorin derivative, cis-2, 3, 12, 13-tetracarboxymethyl-5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenyl bacteriochlorin (TCTB), was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Physicochemical characteristics of the novel photosensitizer were measured. The efficiency of TCTB-PDT in vitro was analyzed by MTT assay, clonogenic assay and in situ trypan blue exclusion test. The intracellular distribution of photosensitizer was detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy. The accumulation of TCTB in human malignant tumor cells was measured by fluorescence spectrometer, and the pathway of cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry. S180 tumor model was used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of TCTB-PDT. And histopathological study was also used to confirm the anti-tumor effect. RESULTS TCTB shows a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.56 and displays a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 732 nm. The accumulation of TCTB increased in time-dependent manner, and it was found in cytoplasm and nuclear membranes. In vitro PDT using TCTB and Nd:YAG laser showed drug concentration-, laser dose-dependent cytotoxicity to human esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells. In mice bearing osteosarcoma S180 tumors, the combined use of 10 mg/kg TCTB and 120 J/cm(2) showed superior anti-tumor activity. Histology examination of tumor tissues revealed that PDT using TCTB and the Nd:YAG laser induced tumor cells shrunken and necrotic. CONCLUSION In in vitro and in vivo studies, we found that TCTB has excellent anti-tumor effect. It suggests that TCTB is a potential photosensitizer of PDT for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chun-Ye Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Atkins RJ, Ng W, Stylli SS, Hovens CM, Kaye AH. Repair mechanisms help glioblastoma resist treatment. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:14-20. [PMID: 25444993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant and incurable glial brain tumour. The current best treatment for GBM includes maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. Despite this, median survival is still only 14-16 months. Mechanisms that lead to chemo- and radio-resistance underpin treatment failure. Insights into the DNA repair mechanisms that permit resistance to chemoradiotherapy in GBM may help improve patient responses to currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Wayne Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Mallidi S, Anbil S, Lee S, Manstein D, Elrington S, Kositratna G, Schoenfeld D, Pogue B, Davis SJ, Hasan T. Photosensitizer fluorescence and singlet oxygen luminescence as dosimetric predictors of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy induced clinical erythema. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:028001. [PMID: 24503639 PMCID: PMC3915169 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.2.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The need for patient-specific photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatologic and oncologic applications has triggered several studies that explore the utility of surrogate parameters as predictive reporters of treatment outcome. Although photosensitizer (PS) fluorescence, a widely used parameter, can be viewed as emission from several fluorescent states of the PS (e.g., minimally aggregated and monomeric), we suggest that singlet oxygen luminescence (SOL) indicates only the active PS component responsible for the PDT. Here, the ability of discrete PS fluorescence-based metrics (absolute and percent PS photobleaching and PS re-accumulation post-PDT) to predict the clinical phototoxic response (erythema) resulting from 5-aminolevulinic acid PDT was compared with discrete SOL (DSOL)-based metrics (DSOL counts pre-PDT and change in DSOL counts pre/post-PDT) in healthy human skin. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses demonstrated that absolute fluorescence photobleaching metric (AFPM) exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) of all tested parameters, including DSOL based metrics. The combination of dose-metrics did not yield better AUC than AFPM alone. Although sophisticated real-time SOL measurements may improve the clinical utility of SOL-based dosimetry, discrete PS fluorescence-based metrics are easy to implement, and our results suggest that AFPM may sufficiently predict the PDT outcomes and identify treatment nonresponders with high specificity in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Seonkyung Lee
- Physical Sciences Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Stefan Elrington
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Garuna Kositratna
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Biostatistics Department, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Brian Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Address all correspondence to: Tayyaba Hasan, E-mail:
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20
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Hu SL, Du P, Hu R, Li F, Feng H. Imbalance of Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in C6 glioma cells after PDT measured with scanning ion-selective electrode technique. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1261-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Demyanenko SV, Uzdensky AB, Sharifulina SA, Lapteva TO, Polyakova LP. PDT-induced epigenetic changes in the mouse cerebral cortex: a protein microarray study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:262-70. [PMID: 24055374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for cancer treatment including brain tumors. But the role of epigenetic processes in photodynamic injury of normal brain tissue is unknown. METHODS 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), was used to photosensitize mouse cerebral cortex. PpIX accumulation in cortical tissue was measured spectrofluorometrically. Hematoxylin/eosin, gallocyanin-chromalum and immunohistochemical staining were used to study morphological changes in PDT-treated cerebral cortex. Proteomic antibody microarrays were used to evaluate expression of 112 proteins involved in epigenetic regulation. RESULTS ALA administration induced 2.5-fold increase in the PpIX accumulation in the mouse brain cortex compared to untreated mice. Histological study demonstrated PDT-induced injury of some neurons and cortical vessels. ALA-PDT induced dimethylation of histone H3, upregulation of histone deacetylases HDAC-1 and HDAC-11, and DNA methylation-dependent protein Kaiso that suppressed transcriptional activity. Upregulation of HDAC-1 and H3K9me2 was confirmed immunohistochemically. Down-regulation of transcription factor FOXC2, PABP, and hBrm/hsnf2a negatively regulated transcription. Overexpression of phosphorylated histone H2AX indicated activation of DNA repair, but down-regulation of MTA1/MTA1L1 and PML - impairment of DNA repair. Overexpression of arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 correlated with up-regulation of transcription factor E2F4 and importin α5/7. CONCLUSION ALA-PDT injures and kills some but not all neurons and caused limited microvascular alterations in the mouse cerebral cortex. It alters expression of some proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of transcription, histone modification, DNA repair, nuclear protein import, and proliferation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate epigenetic markers of photo-oxidative injury of normal brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Demyanenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia.
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Atkins RJ, Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Kaye AH, Hovens CM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its dysregulation in glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1185-92. [PMID: 23768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and devastating human brain malignancy, retaining almost universal mortality and a median survival of only 14 months, even with recent advances in multimodal treatments. Gliomas are characterised as being both highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy and highly invasive, rendering conventional interventions palliative. The continual dismal prognosis for GBM patients identifies an urgent need for the evolutionary development of new treatment modalities. This includes molecular targeted therapies as many signaling molecules and associated pathways have been implicated in the development and survival of malignant gliomas including the protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Here we review the activity and function of GSK-3β in a number of signaling pathways and its role in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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23
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Luwor RB, Stylli SS, Kaye AH. The role of Stat3 in glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:907-11. [PMID: 23688441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain tumor and has the worst prognosis. Several signaling molecules have been clearly implicated in the development, progression, and aggressiveness of GBM. Here we review the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) in GBM. We particularly focus on its expression in clinical GBM samples, its role in brain tumorigenicity in cell lines and animal models, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies targeting Stat3. This review also summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of Stat3 regulation by upstream activators and repressors in promoting GBM progression in both translational and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Johansson A, Faber F, Kniebühler G, Stepp H, Sroka R, Egensperger R, Beyer W, Kreth FW. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and photobleaching during interstitial photodynamic therapy of malignant gliomas for early treatment prognosis. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:225-34. [PMID: 23533060 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) of non-resectable recurrent glioblastoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has shown a promising outcome. It remained unclear, however, to what extent inter- and intra-tumoural differences of PpIX concentrations influence the efficacy of iPDT. In the current pilot study, we analysed PpIX concentrations quantitatively and assessed PpIX induced fluorescence and photobleaching intraoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients harbouring non-resectable glioblastomas were included. ALA (20 or 30 mg/kg body weight) was given 5-8 hours before treatment. Stereotactic biopsies were taken throughout the tumour volume for both histological analysis and determination of PpIX concentrations, which were measured by chemical extraction. Cylindrical light diffusors were stereotactically implanted. Prior to and after irradiation, fluorescence measurements were performed. Outcome measurement was based on clinical and neuro-radiological follow up. RESULTS In three patients, a strong PpIX fluorescence was seen before treatment, which was completely photobleached after iPDT. High concentrations of PpIX could be detected in viable tumour parts of these patients (mean PpIX uptake per tumour: 1.4-3.0 µM). In the other two patients, however, no or only low PpIX uptake (0-0.6 µM) could be detected. The patients with strong PpIX uptake showed treatment response and long-term clinical stabilisation (no progression in 29, 30 and 36 months), early treatment failure was seen in the remaining two patients (death after 3 and 9 months). CONCLUSIONS Intra-tumoural PpIX concentrations exhibited pronounced inter- and intra-tumoural variations in glioblastoma, which are directly linked to variable degrees of fluorescence intensity. High intra-tumoural PpIX concentrations with strong fluorescence intensity and complete photobleaching after iPDT seem to be associated with favourable outcome. Real-time monitoring of PpIX fluorescence intensity and photobleaching turned out to be feasible and safe and might be employed for early treatment prognosis of iPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Johansson
- Laser-Forschungslabor, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistraße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Gomes MR, Schuh RS, Jacques AL, Augustin OA, Bordignon SA, Dias DO, Kelmann RG, Koester LS, Gehring MP, Morrone FB, Campos MM, Limberger RP. Citotoxic activity evaluation of essential oils and nanoemulsions of Drimys angustifolia and D. brasiliensis on human glioblastoma (U-138 MG) and human bladder carcinoma (T24) cell lines in vitro. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Up-regulation of USP2a and FASN in gliomas correlates strongly with glioma grade. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:717-20. [PMID: 23416128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common neoplasms in the central nervous system. The lack of efficacy of glioma therapies necessitates in-depth studies of glioma pathology, especially of the underlying molecular mechanisms that transform normal glial cells into tumor cells. Here we report that a deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 2a (USP2a), and its substrate, fatty acid synthase (FASN), are over-expressed in glioma tissue. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression and cellular distribution of USP2a and FASN in human glioma tissues. The expression patterns of USP2a and FASN correlated with the pathologic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of USP2a and its substrate FASN were higher in high-grade (World Health Organization [WHO] grades III and IV) glioma tissues than in low-grade (WHO grades I and II) glioma tissues. Western blot analysis indicated that the average optical densitometry ratio of USP2a and its substrate FASN in high-grade gliomas was higher than in low-grade gliomas. Moreover, statistical analysis of grade-classified glioma samples showed that the level of USP2a and FASN expression increased with the elevation of the WHO grade of glioma. USP2a protein expression was detected in the nucleus of glioma tissues and an increase in expression was significantly associated with the elevation of the WHO grade of glioma by immunohistochemistry. These findings expand our understanding of the molecular profiling of glioma and could shed light on new diagnostic criteria for gliomas.
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Liu DY, Ren CP, Yuan XR, Zhang LH, Liu J, Liu Q, Yuan J, Yuan D, Jiang XJ. ALDH1 expression is correlated with pathologic grade and poor clinical outcome in patients with astrocytoma. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1700-5. [PMID: 23084350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a detoxifying enzyme, is a stem-like cell marker, but its expression pattern and clinical significance in astrocytoma remain unclear. In this study, we used immunohistochemical analysis to systematically investigate the expression of ALDH1 in 76 astrocytomas of different pathological grade and seven samples of normal brain tissues. We found that ALDH1 was expressed in some of the astrocytomas but was not detected in normal brain tissues. The proportion of ALDH1-expressing cells was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the astrocytomas, but not with patient age, sex or tumor size. We also collected detailed follow-up data and analyzed the correlation of ALDH1 expression with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using univariate and multivariate analysis. We found that the proportion of ALDH1-positive cells was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. These results show that ALDH1 is expressed in astrocytoma, and that its expression is correlated with pathological grade and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Atkins RJ, Dimou J, Paradiso L, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Hovens CM. Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) by the Akt pathway in gliomas. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1558-63. [PMID: 22999562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive brain tumours that, despite advances in multimodal therapies, continue to portend a dismal prognosis. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most aggressive glioma and patients have a median survival of 14 months, even with the best available treatments. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are dysregulated in a number of cancers, and these two pathways share a common node protein, GSK-3β. This protein is responsible for the regulation/degradation of β-catenin, which reduces β-catenin's translocation to the nucleus and influences the subsequent transcription of oncogenes. The non-specific small-molecule GSK-3β inhibitor, lithium chloride (LiCl), and the specific Akt inhibitor, AktX, were used to treat U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 human glioma cell lines. LiCl treatment significantly affected cell morphology of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells, while also increasing levels of phospho-GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner. Increased cell proliferation was observed at low-to-mid LiCl concentrations as determined by MTT cell growth assays. Treatment of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells with AktX resulted in reduced levels of phospho-GSK-3β through its inhibition of Akt, in addition to decreased levels of phosphorylated (active) Akt in a dose-dependent fashion. We have shown in this study that GSK-3β regulation by phosphorylation is important for cell morphology and growth, and that LiCl enhances growth of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells by inhibiting GSK-3β through its phosphorylation, whereas AktX reduces growth via activation of GSK-3β by inhibiting Akt's kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia.
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Stylli SS, I ST, Kaye AH, Lock P. Prognostic significance of Tks5 expression in gliomas. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:436-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim CY, Lee SJ, Kim SK, Park CK, Wang KC, Cho BK. Antitumor activity of CKD-602, a camptothecin derivative, in a mouse glioma model. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yoo JO, Lee CH, Hwang BM, Kim WJ, Kim YM, Ha KS. Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the cytotoxic response to photodynamic therapy with a chlorin-based photosensitizer. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated regulation of intracellular Ca2+ induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a new chlorin-based photosensitizer, DH-II-24, in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. DH-II-24-mediated PDT induced necrotic cell death according to post-irradiation time, and produced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an irradiation time-dependent manner. PDT also increased intracellular Ca2+ , and this Ca2+ elevation was largely inhibited by BAPTA-AM but not by EGTA. BAPTA-AM inhibited the ROS production by PDT, whereas NAC and Trolox had no effect on the PDT-induced Ca2+ response. In the presence of EGTA, pre-incubation with thapsigargin, Gly-Phe-β-naphthylamide or brefeldin A had no significant effect on the PDT-induced elevation in intracellular Ca2+ . However, ruthenium red affected the initial and late Ca2+ responses to PDT. Thus, DH-II-24-mediated PDT produces intracellular ROS via elevation in intracellular Ca2+ , contributed, at least in part, by mitochondria, which results in necrotic death of the human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ok Yoo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
| | - Byeong-Moon Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
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Zhang X, Chen T, Zhang J, Mao Q, Li S, Xiong W, Qiu Y, Xie Q, Ge J. Notch1 promotes glioma cell migration and invasion by stimulating β-catenin and NF-κB signaling via AKT activation. Cancer Sci 2011; 103:181-90. [PMID: 22093097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in both developmental processes and tumorigenesis. Aberrant Notch signaling has been repeatedly demonstrated to facilitate the proliferation and survival of glioma cells by regulating downstream effectors or other signaling pathways. In glioblastoma multiforme specimens from 59 patients, Notch1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with normal brain tissues, and this expression was correlated with elevated AKT phosphorylation and Snail expression. Increased nuclear localization of β-catenin and p50 as well as enhanced IKKα/AKT interaction were also observed in glioma tissues. In U87MG cells, the activation of Notch1 by DLL4 stimulation or by the overexpression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) resulted in AKT activation and thereby promoted β-catenin activity and NF-κB signaling. Inhibition of EGFR partially blocked the β-catenin and NF-κB signaling stimulated by Notch1 activation. Furthermore, NICD overexpression in U87MG cells led to the upregulated expression of several metastasis-associated molecules, which could be abrogated by the knockdown of either β-catenin or p50. In U87MG and U251 cells, DLL4-induced cellular migration and invasion could be inhibited by either β-catenin or a p50 inhibitor. Collectively, these results indicate that Notch activation could stimulate β-catenin and NF-κB signaling through AKT activation in glioma cells. Thus, Notch activation-stimulated β-catenin and NF-κB signaling synergistically promote the migratory and invasive properties of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Li JH, Yue W, Huang Z, Chen ZQ, Zhan Q, Ren FB, Liu JY, Fu SB. Calcium overload induces C6 rat glioma cell apoptosis in sonodynamic therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:1061-6. [PMID: 21961969 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.584938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to study calcium overload-induced apoptosis and its relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat C6 glioma cells after sonodynamic treatment (SDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was used as the sonosensitizer. The concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured by fluorometry. Apoptosis and necrosis rates were evaluated by a flow cytometry. Moreover, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase (SERCA(2)), cytochrome c (cyto-c) and cleaved caspase-3 were investigated by immunoblotting. RESULTS Our study indicated that [Ca(2 +)](i) and ROS increased in cells of SDT group, the apoptosis rate, quantity of cyto-c and cleaved caspase-3 markedly increased after SDT. Furthermore, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or 1,2-bisethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis ester (BAPTA-AM) could decrease the apoptosis rate, the release of cyto-c and cleaved caspase-3 in SDT group, SERCA(2) degradation was found in SDT group and could also be prevented by the addition of NAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HMME-SDT can induce C6 cell death through both necrosis and apoptosis. ROS in C6 cells play a decisive role in HMME-SDT-induced cell death. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may be a major target of HMME-SDT, ROS can induce SERCA(2) degradation, causing the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth College Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Li W, Chu D, Chu X, Meng F, Wei D, Li H, Sun B. Decreased expression of NDRG2 is related to poor overall survival in patients with glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:1534-7. [PMID: 21872476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the NDRG (N-Myc downstream-regulated) gene family have been shown to play a variety of roles in human malignancies. In the present study, we examined the expression of NDRG2 protein in glioma samples of WHO grades I-IV. We also investigated the association between NDRG2 expression and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure NDRG2 protein expression in 316 specimens of human glioma and 41 normal control tissues. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model. We found that NDRG2 expression was reduced in glioma relative to normal tissue, and that NDRG2 expression decreased with increasing glioma grade. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients without NDRG2 expression had a lower survival rate than other patients. Multivariate analysis showed that NDRG2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with glioma. The present study provides the first evidence that NDRG2 expression is decreased in gliomas, indicating that NDRG2 may play an inhibitory role during the development of gliomas. NDRG2 expression may also be a significant and independent prognostic indicator for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, 12 Jiefang Road, Jilin 132011, China
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Notch1 expression is upregulated in glioma and is associated with tumor progression. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:387-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li J, Cui Y, Gao G, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Wang X. Notch1 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with glioma. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:813-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lim YC, Yoo JO, Kang SS, Kim YM, Ha KS. Cellular responses to chlorin-based photosensitizer DH-II-24 under darkness in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Niyazi M, Siefert A, Schwarz SB, Ganswindt U, Kreth FW, Tonn JC, Belka C. Therapeutic options for recurrent malignant glioma. Radiother Oncol 2010; 98:1-14. [PMID: 21159396 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the given advances in neuro-oncology most patients with high grade malignant glioma ultimately fail locally or locoregionally. In parallel with improvements of initial treatment options, several salvage strategies have been elucidated and already entered clinical practice. Aim of this article is to review the current status of salvage strategies in recurrent high grade glioma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the following MESH headings and combinations of these terms the pubmed database was searched: "Glioma", "Recurrence", "Neoplasm Recurrence, Local", "Radiosurgery", "Brachytherapy", "Neurosurgical Procedures" and "Drug Therapy". For citation crosscheck the ISI web of science database was used employing the same search terms. In parallel, the abstracts of ASCO 2008-2009 were analyzed accordingly. RESULTS Currently the following options for salvage entered clinical practice: re-resection, re-irradiation (stereotactic radiosurgery, (hypo-)fractionated (stereotactic) radiotherapy, interstitial brachytherapy) or single/poly-chemotherapy schedules including new dose-intensified or alternative treatment protocols employing targeted drugs. Re-operation is associated with high morbidity and mortality, however, is an option in a highly selected patient cohort. Since toxicity has been overestimated, re-irradiation is an increasingly used option with precise fractionated radiotherapy being the most optimal technique. On average, time to secondary progression is in the range of several months. Conventional chemotherapy regimens also improve time to secondary progression; however the efficacy is only modest and treatment-related toxicities like myelo-suppression occur very frequently. Molecular targeted agents/kinases are undergoing clinical testing; however no final recommendations can be made. CONCLUSIONS Currently, several re-treatment options with only modest efficacy exist. The relative value of each approach compared to other options is unknown as well as it remains open which sequence of modalities should be chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, München, Germany
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Svanberg K, Bendsoe N, Axelsson J, Andersson-Engels S, Svanberg S. Photodynamic therapy: superficial and interstitial illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:041502. [PMID: 20799780 DOI: 10.1117/1.3466579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reviewed using the treatment of skin tumors as an example of superficial lesions and prostate cancer as an example of deep-lying lesions requiring interstitial intervention. These two applications are among the most commonly studied in oncological PDT, and illustrate well the different challenges facing the two modalities of PDT-superficial and interstitial. They thus serve as good examples to illustrate the entire field of PDT in oncology. PDT is discussed based on the Lund University group's over 20 yr of experience in the field. In particular, the interplay between optical diagnostics and dosimetry and the delivery of the therapeutic light dose are highlighted. An interactive multiple-fiber interstitial procedure to deliver the required therapeutic dose based on the assessment of light fluence rate and sensitizer concentration and oxygen level throughout the tumor is presented.
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Abstract
Photodynamic techniques such as photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), fluorescence-guided tumour resection (FGR) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently undergoing intensive clinical investigations as adjuvant treatment for malignant brain tumours. The following chapter provides an overview on the current clinical data and trials of PDT as well as photosensitizers, technical developments and indications for photodynamic application in neurosurgery. Besides many clinical phase I/II trials for PDT for malignant brain tumours, there are only few controlled clinical trials following tumour resection. Variations in treatment protocols, variation of photosensitizers and light dose make the evaluation scientifically difficult; however there is a clear trend towards prolonging median survival after one single photodynamic treatment as compared to standard therapeutic regimens. According to the meta analysis the median survival after PDT for primary glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) was 22 months and for recurrent GBM was 9 months as compared to standard conventional treatment, in which it is 15 and 3 months, respectively. Fluorescence-guided resection of the tumour demonstrated significant greater reduction of tumour burden. The combination of PDD/ FGR and intraoperative PDT ("to see and to treat") offers an exciting approach to the treatment of malignant brain tumours. PDT was generally well tolerated and side effects consisted of occasionally increased intracranial pressure and prolonged skin sensitivity against direct sunlight.
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Uzdenskii AB, Kolosov MS, Lobanov AV. Neuron and gliocyte death induced by photodynamic treatment: signal processes and neuron-glial interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 38:727-35. [PMID: 18720010 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-008-9042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of photodynamic (PD) damage to neurons and gliocytes are discussed. The spike reactions of neurons are described, with stimulation at high concentrations of photosensitizer and inhibition at low concentrations, accompanying necrosis. Glial cells developed both necrosis and apoptosis. Local laser inactivation of neurons increased light-induced apoptosis of gliocytes, i.e., neurons maintained gliocyte survival. Inter-and intracellular signaling plays an important role in the photolesioning of these cells. Studies using inhibitors and activators of signal proteins demonstrated the involvement of the Ca(2+)-dependent, adenylate cyclase, and tyrosine kinase pathways in the responses of neurons and gliocytes to PD treatment. Pharmacological modulation may alter the selectivity of PD neuron and gliocyte damage and the efficacy of PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Uzdenskii
- A. B. Kogan institute of Neurocybernetics, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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Varma AK, Muller PJ. Cranial neuropathies after intracranial Photofrin-photodynamic therapy for malignant supratentorial gliomas—a report on 3 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:190-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2007.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carpentier A, McNichols RJ, Stafford RJ, Itzcovitz J, Guichard JP, Reizine D, Delaloge S, Vicaut E, Payen D, Gowda A, George B. Real-time Magnetic Resonance-guided Laser Thermal Therapy for Focal Metastatic Brain Tumors. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2008. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000311254.63848.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective:
We report the initial results of a pilot clinical trial exploring the safety and feasibility of the first real-time magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy of treatment-resistant focal metastatic intracranial tumors.
Methods:
Patients with resistant metastatic intracranial tumors who had previously undergone chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation therapy, and radiosurgery and who were recused from surgery were eligible for this trial. Under local anesthesia, a Leksell stereotactic head frame was used to insert a water-cooled interstitial fiberoptic laser applicator inside the cranium. In the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, laser energy was delivered to heat the tumor while continuous MRI was performed. A computer workstation extracted temperature-sensitive information to display images of laser heating and computed estimates of the thermal damage zone. Posttreatment MRI scans were used to confirm the zone of thermal necrosis, and follow-up was performed at 7, 15, 30, and 90 days after treatment.
Results:
In all cases, the procedure was well tolerated without secondary effect, and patients were discharged to home within 14 hours after the procedure. Follow-up imaging showed an acute increase in apparent lesion volume followed by a gradual and steady decrease. No tumor recurrence within thermal ablation zones was noted.
Conclusion:
In this ongoing trial, a total of four patients have had six metastatic tumors treated with laser thermal ablations. Magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy appears to provide a new, efficient treatment for recurrent focal metastatic brain disease. This therapy is a prelude to the future development of closed-head interventional MRI techniques in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Carpentier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | | | - R. Jason Stafford
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julian Itzcovitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Guichard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Reizine
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Clinical Research Monitoring Department, Fernand Widal Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Didier Payen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard George
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
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Invadopodia: at the cutting edge of tumour invasion. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15:725-37. [PMID: 18468901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of tissues by malignant tumours is facilitated by tumour cell migration and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers. Several invasive neoplasms, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma and glioma, contain tumour cells that can form actin-rich protrusions with ECM proteolytic activity called invadopodia. These dynamic organelle-like structures adhere to, and digest, collagens, laminins and fibronectin. Invadopodia are dependent on multiple transmembrane, cytoplasmic and secreted proteins engaged in cell adhesion, signal transduction, actin assembly, membrane regulation and ECM proteolysis. Strategies aimed at disrupting invadopodia could form the basis of novel anti-invasive therapies for treating patients. Here we review the molecular basis of invadopodia formation with particular emphasis on the intracellular signaling networks that are essential for invadopodia activity and examine the potential role of these structures in glioma invasion.
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light-activated drugs to treat diseases ranging from cancer to age-related macular degeneration and antibiotic-resistant infections. This paper reviews the current status of PDT with an emphasis on the contributions of physics, biophysics and technology, and the challenges remaining in the optimization and adoption of this treatment modality. A theme of the review is the complexity of PDT dosimetry due to the dynamic nature of the three essential components -- light, photosensitizer and oxygen. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the problem and in developing instruments to measure all three, so that optimization of individual PDT treatments is becoming a feasible target. The final section of the review introduces some new frontiers of research including low dose rate (metronomic) PDT, two-photon PDT, activatable PDT molecular beacons and nanoparticle-based PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Wilson
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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D’Abaco GM, Kaye AH. Integrins: Molecular determinants of glioma invasion. J Clin Neurosci 2007; 14:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moseley H, Mclean C, Hockaday S, Eljamel S. In vitro light distributions from intracranial PDT balloons. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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deCarvalho AC, Zhang X, Roberts C, Jiang F, Kalkanis SN, Hong X, Lu M, Chopp M. Subclinical photodynamic therapy treatment modifies the brain microenvironment and promotes glioma growth. Glia 2007; 55:1053-60. [PMID: 17551928 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been clinically investigated as an adjuvant local therapy for brain tumors. Therapeutic interventions intended to promote tumor cell death can also promote changes in the tumor microenvironment that could favor tumor growth. We have previously shown that PDT can activate pro-angiogenic factors in the normal rodent brain. This study seeks to further elucidate the effects of subtherapeutic doses of Photofrin-PDT on normal brain and to establish a mouse model for studying glioma progression in an environment modified by oxidative stress. Photofrin was administered to nude mice, and a defined intracranial area was illuminated with laser to deliver an optical dose equivalent to 80 J/cm(2). Three and 7 days after PDT, mice were sacrificed and brains were fixed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PDT treatment resulted in transient increase in cell proliferation, associated with a robust activation of astrocytes and microglia in the treated region, without causing substantial cell death. To test how this modified environment would affect glioma growth, human glioblastoma U87 cells were implanted in the PDT-treated hemisphere or in the control brain subjected to sham surgery. Significantly larger tumors were observed after 3 weeks in the PDT treated brains relative to control treatment. Our results indicate that subclinical Photofrin-PDT locally alters the brain homeostasis without inflicting significant disruption to the tissue architecture, providing a model to study the effects of the microenvironment on glioma growth, with implications for the optimization of the clinical use of PDT for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C deCarvalho
- Departments of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Davies N, Wilson BC. Interstitial in vivo ALA-PpIX mediated metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) using the CNS-1 astrocytoma with bioluminescence monitoring. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:202-12. [PMID: 25047439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the first truly metronomic delivery of photodynamic therapy using the rat-derived CNS-1 astrocytoma, a model with close histopathology with human brain tumours. METHODS Metronomic PDT (mPDT) was delivered to CNS-1 bearing female Lewis rats. 5-Aminoluvelinic acid was delivered continuously through drinking water, while light was delivered via tetherless, light-weight, LED-based fiber coupled optical sources. Tumour burden before and after mPDT treatment was determined using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). RESULTS Preliminary studies demonstrated that 24h of continuous mPDT illumination was capable of destroying small tumours (7 days post-implant). The reduction or elimination of tumour was confirmed using BLI and corroborated by histology. Additional studies showed that 24 and 48h continuous mPDT illumination had the capability to delay tumour re-growth by a period corresponding to approximately two doubling times. Animals given 4-day mPDT did not show any signs of tumour re-growth via BLI at 26 days post-tumour implantation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility of delivering mPDT for extended periods, as well as its potential as a treatment for small brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Davies
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9; Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
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