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Ichinose Y, Nagira A, Sumitomo N, Kakegawa A, Fukushima N. Spontaneous regeneration after resection of various lengths of hypoglossal nerve in rats. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00093-8. [PMID: 38821485 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate spontaneous neural regeneration and functional recovery after resection of various lengths of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve in adult rats. METHODS Twelve weeks after XII nerve resection at lengths ranging from 0.0-15.8 mm, the tongue deviation angle of rats was measured to evaluate the severity of paralysis; thereafter, the XII neurons in the XII nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Gold (FG), which was injected into the tongue to visualize regenerated XII neurons re-innervating the tongue muscles. RESULTS In the XII nerve-resected rats, the regenerative rates, that is, the percentage of the total number of FG-positive neurons on the injured side relative to that on the uninjured side, were divided into two groups; the regenerative rates were more than 77% and less than 6%, respectively. Upon comparing the two groups, the boundary resection length was approximately 10.0 mm. Moreover, the former and latter groups demonstrated tongue deviation angles less than or greater than 15°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The critical nerve gap length for spontaneous neural regeneration was approximately 10.0 mm in XII nerve-resected adult rats, and nerve regeneration occurred in both morphological and functional aspects after resection at less than the critical length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ichinose
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ayata Nagira
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Norimi Sumitomo
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Kakegawa
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nanae Fukushima
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Yu T, Ao Q, Ao T, Ahmad MA, Wang A, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Q. Preparation and assessment of an optimized multichannel acellular nerve allograft for peripheral nerve regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Shenyang China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education China Medical University Shenyang China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Tianrang Ao
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | | | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Zhongti Zhang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Shenyang China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Shenyang China
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Recent advances in the therapeutic uses of chondroitinase ABC. Exp Neurol 2019; 321:113032. [PMID: 31398353 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies, using pre-clinical models of SCI, have demonstrated the efficacy of chondroitinase ABC as a treatment for spinal cord injury and this has been confirmed in laboratories worldwide and in several animal models. The aim of this review is report the current state of research in the field and to compare the relative efficacies of these new interventions to improve outcomes in both acute and chronic models of SCI. We also report new methods of chondroitinase delivery and the outcomes of two clinical trials using the enzyme to treat spinal cord injury in dogs and disc herniation in human patients. Recent studies have assessed the outcomes of combining chondroitinase with other strategies known to promote recovery following spinal cord injury and new approaches. Evidence is emerging that one of the most powerful combinations is that of chondroitinase with cell transplants. The particular benefits of each of the different cell types used for these transplant experiments are discussed. Combining chondroitinase with rehabilitation also improves outcomes. Gene therapy is an efficient method of enzyme delivery to the injured spinal cord and circumvents the issue of the enzyme's thermo-instability. Other methods of delivery, such as via nanoparticles or synthetic scaffolds, have shown promise; however, the outcomes from these experiments suggest that these methods of delivery require further optimization to achieve similar levels of efficacy to that obtained by a gene therapy approach. Pre-clinical models have also shown chondroitinase is efficacious in the treatment of other conditions, such as peripheral nerve injury, stroke, coronary reperfusion, Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. The wide range of conditions where the benefits of chondroitinase treatment have been demonstrated reflects the complex roles that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (its substrate) play in health and disease and warrants the enzyme's further development as a therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Kostereva NV, Wang Y, Fletcher DR, Unadkat JV, Schnider JT, Komatsu C, Yang Y, Stolz DB, Davis MR, Plock JA, Gorantla VS. IGF-1 and Chondroitinase ABC Augment Nerve Regeneration after Vascularized Composite Limb Allotransplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156149. [PMID: 27272754 PMCID: PMC4896437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired nerve regeneration and inadequate recovery of motor and sensory function following peripheral nerve repair remain the most significant hurdles to optimal functional and quality of life outcomes in vascularized tissue allotransplantation (VCA). Neurotherapeutics such as Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and chondroitinase ABC (CH) have shown promise in augmenting or accelerating nerve regeneration in experimental models and may have potential in VCA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low dose IGF-1, CH or their combination (IGF-1+CH) on nerve regeneration following VCA. We used an allogeneic rat hind limb VCA model maintained on low-dose FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy to prevent rejection. Experimental animals received neurotherapeutics administered intra-operatively as multiple intraneural injections. The IGF-1 and IGF-1+CH groups received daily IGF-1 (intramuscular and intraneural injections). Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate outcomes at five weeks. Overall, compared to controls, all experimental groups showed improvements in nerve and muscle (gastrocnemius) histomorphometry. The IGF-1 group demonstrated superior distal regeneration as confirmed by Schwann cell (SC) immunohistochemistry as well as some degree of extrafascicular regeneration. IGF-1 and CH effectively promote nerve regeneration after VCA as confirmed by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Kostereva
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Trauma Surgery, East Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Derek R. Fletcher
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jignesh V. Unadkat
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonas T. Schnider
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Davis
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3698 Chambers Road, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan A. Plock
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gause Ii TM, Sivak WN, Marra KG. The role of chondroitinase as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve repair. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:59-68. [PMID: 25766067 DOI: 10.1159/000369449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potent inhibitors of neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Following nerve injury, inhibitory CSPGs accumulate within the endoneurium and Schwann cell basal lamina of the distal nerve stump. The utilization of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) has led to a marked increase in the ability of injured axons to regenerate across gaps through the CSPG-laden extracellular matrix. Experimental models have repeatedly shown chABC to be capable of degrading the CSPGs that hinder neurite outgrowth. In this article, the characterization of CSPGs, their upregulation following peripheral nerve injury, and potential mechanisms behind their growth and inhibition are described. To date, the literature supports that the adjunct use of chABC may be beneficial to peripheral nerve repair in digesting inhibitory CSPGs. chABC has also shown some indication of synergism with other therapies, such as stem cell transplantation. Evidence supporting the use of chondroitinase as a treatment modality in nerve repair, either alone or in combination with other agents, is reviewed within. Finally, several shortcomings of chABC are addressed, notably its thermal stability and physiologic longevity - both hindering its widespread clinical adoption. Future studies are warranted in order to optimize the therapeutic benefits of the chondroitinase enzyme.
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Sridharan R, Reilly RB, Buckley CT. Decellularized grafts with axially aligned channels for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 41:124-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Patodia S, Raivich G. Downstream effector molecules in successful peripheral nerve regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:15-26. [PMID: 22580509 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The robust axon regeneration that occurs following peripheral nerve injury is driven by transcriptional activation of the regeneration program and by the expression of a wide range of downstream effector molecules from neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors to adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. These regeneration-associated effector molecules regulate the actin-tubulin machinery of growth-cones, integrate intracellular signalling and stimulatory and inhibitory signals from the local environment and translate them into axon elongation. In addition to the neuronally derived molecules, an important transcriptional component is found in locally activated Schwann cells and macrophages, which release a number of cytokines, growth factors and neurotrophins that support neuronal survival and axonal regeneration and that might provide directional guidance cues towards appropriate peripheral targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date account of the transcriptional regulation and functional role of these effector molecules and of the information that they can give us with regard to the organisation of the regeneration program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Patodia
- Centre for Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair, University College London, Chenies Mews 86-96, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
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Wang Y, Jia H, Li WY, Tong XJ, Liu GB, Kang SW. Synergistic effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells and chondroitinase ABC on nerve regeneration after acellular nerve allograft in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:361-71. [PMID: 22095068 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether combination therapy of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) treatment further enhances axonal regeneration and functional recovery after acellular nerve allograft repair of the sciatic nerve gap in rats. Eight Sprague-Dawley rats were used as nerve donors, and 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: acellular rat sciatic nerve (ARSN) group; Group II: ChABC treatment; Group III: BMSCs transplantation; and Group IV: ChABC treatment and BMSCs transplantation. The results showed that compared with ARSN control group, BMSC transplantation promoted axonal regeneration, the secretion of neural trophic factors NGF, BDNF and axon angiogenesis in nerve graft. ChABC treatment degraded chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in ARSN in vitro and in vivo and improved BMSCs survival in ARSN. The combination therapy caused much better beneficial effects evidenced by increasing sciatic function index, nerve conduction velocity, restoration rate of tibialis anterior wet muscle weight, and myelinated nerve number, but did not further boost the therapeutic effects on neurotrophic factor production, axon angiogenesis, and sensory functional recovery by BMSC transplantation. Taken together, for the first time, we demonstrate the synergistic effects of BMSC transplantation and BMSCs treatment on peripheral nerve regeneration, and our findings may help establish novel strategies for cell transplantation therapy for peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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da Costa RFM, Martinez AMB, Ferreira ST. 2,4-Dinitrophenol blocks neurodegeneration and preserves sciatic nerve function after trauma. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:829-41. [PMID: 20143955 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the harm caused by nerve degeneration is a major challenge in neurodegenerative diseases and in various forms of trauma to the nervous system. The aim of the current work was to investigate the effects of systemic administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a compound with newly recognized neuroprotective properties, on sciatic-nerve degeneration following a crush injury. Sciatic-nerve injury was induced by unilateral application of an aneurysm clip. Four groups of mice were used: uninjured, injured treated with vehicle (PBS), injured treated with two intraperitoneal doses of DNP (0.06 mg DNP/kg every 24 h), and injured treated with four doses of DNP (every 12 h). Animals were sacrificed 48 h post injury and both injured and uninjured (contralateral) sciatic nerves were processed for light and electron microscopy. Morphometric, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical analysis of injured nerves established that DNP prevented axonal degeneration, blocked cytoskeletal disintegration, and preserved the immunoreactivity of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), proteins implicated in neuronal survival and myelination. Functional tests revealed preservation of limb function following injury in DNP-treated animals. Results indicate that DNP prevents nerve degeneration and suggest that it may be a useful small-molecule adjuvant in the development of novel therapeutic approaches in nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Madeiro da Costa
- Programa de Bioquimica e Biofisica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liao WC, Chen JR, Wang YJ, Tseng GF. Methylcobalamin, but not methylprednisolone or pleiotrophin, accelerates the recovery of rat biceps after ulnar to musculocutaneous nerve transfer. Neuroscience 2010; 171:934-49. [PMID: 20884334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using ulnar nerve as donor and musculocutaneous nerve as recipient we recently demonstrated that end-to-end neurorrhaphy in young adult male Wistar rats resulted in good recovery following protracted survival. Here we explored whether anti-inflammatory drug- methylprednisolone, regeneration/myelination-enhancing agent- methylcobalamin and neurite growth-enhancing and angiogenic factor- pleiotrophin accelerated its recovery. Methylprednisolone suppressed the perineuronal microglial reaction and periaxonal ED-1 expression while pleiotrophin increased the blood vessel density and nerve fiber densities in the reconnected nerve as expected. Neither methylprednisolone nor methylcobalamin altered the expression of growth associated protein 43 in the neurons examined suggesting that they did not interfere with axonal regeneration attempt. Surprisingly methylcobalamin enhanced the recovery of compound muscle action potentials and motor end plate innervation and the performance on sticker removal grooming test and augmented the diameters and myelin thicknesses of regenerated axons dramatically while enhancing S-100 expression in Schwann cells; remarkable recovery was achieved 1 month following neurorrhaphy. Simultaneous methylcobalamin and pleiotrophin treatment resulted in quick and persistent supernumerary reinnervation but failed to enhance the recovery over that of the former alone. Methylprednisolone transiently suppressed the enumeration of regrowing axons. In conclusion, methylcobalamin may be preferred over methylprednisolone to facilitate the recovery of peripheral nerves following end-to-end neurorrhaphy. The long-term effect of this treatment however remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Liao
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tannemaat MR, Boer GJ, Eggers R, Malessy MJ, Verhaagen J. From microsurgery to nanosurgery: how viral vectors may help repair the peripheral nerve. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2009; 175:173-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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