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R S, K N. Teratogenic impacts of Antiepileptic drugs on development, behavior and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107305. [PMID: 37805079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Clobazam (CLB) and Vigabatrin (VGB) are the two widely used Antiepileptic drugs, which may have teratogenic potentiality and it has been evaluated in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These different concentrations of CLB (0.156, 0.25, and 0.312 μg/ml) and VGB (17.6, 22, and 44 μg/ml) were used to evaluate the life-history parameters, developmental, and behavioral abnormalities. The results revealed that life-history parameters (fecundity, fertility, larval and pupal mortality) were significantly affected along with varied developmental duration, and pupal and adult deformities in flies on exposure of CLB and VGB in concentration dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that the prenatal treatment of CLB and VGB has displayed clear teratogenic potentiality with various deformities in the fruit fly. The findings could be correlated with the various abnormalities in human caused by the use of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamapari R
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577451, India
| | - Nagaraj K
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577451, India.
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Wachholz GE, Rengel BD, Vargesson N, Fraga LR. From the Farm to the Lab: How Chicken Embryos Contribute to the Field of Teratology. Front Genet 2021; 12:666726. [PMID: 34367238 PMCID: PMC8339958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies and its causes, particularly, by external factors are the aim of the field called teratology. The external factors studied by teratology are known as teratogens and can be biological or environmental factors for example, chemicals, medications, recreational drugs, environmental pollutants, physical agents (e.g., X-rays and maternal hyperthermia) and maternal metabolic conditions. Proving the teratogenicity of a factor is a difficult task requiring epidemiology studies as well as experimental teratology evidence from the use of animal models, one of which is the chicken embryo. This model in particular has the advantage of being able to follow development live and in vivo, with rapid development hatching around 21 days, is cheap and easy to manipulate and to observe development. All this allows the chicken embryo to be used in drug screening studies, teratogenic evaluation and studies of mechanisms of teratogenicity. The chicken embryo shares morphological, biochemical and genetic similarities with humans as well as mammalian species, making them ideal to ascertain the actions of teratogens, as well as screen drugs to test for their safety. Pre-clinical trials for new drugs are carried out in rodents and rabbits, however, chicken embryos have been used to screen new compounds or analogs of thalidomide as well as to investigate how some drugs can lead to congenital malformations. Indeed, the chicken embryo has proved valuable in understanding how many congenital anomalies, seen in humans, arise following teratogen exposure. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of the chicken embryo as an experimental model for studies in teratology, exploring its use in drug screening studies, phenotypic evaluation and studies of teratogenic mechanisms of action. Here, we discuss many known teratogens, that have been evaluated using the chicken embryo model including some medicines, such as, thalidomide, valproic acid; recreational drugs including alcohol; environmental influences, such as viruses, specifically ZIKV, which is a newly discovered human teratogen. In addition, we discuss how the chicken embryo has provided insight on the mechanisms of teratogenesis of many compounds and also how this impact on drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elis Wachholz
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Song G, Wang R, Cui Y, Hao CJ, Xia HF, Ma X. Diethylhexyl phthalate induces teratogenic effects through oxidative stress response in a chick embryo model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:622-631. [PMID: 33178422 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is known as a persistent environmental pollutant. However, the possible effects of DEHP on human neural tube defects (NTDs) remain elusive. We set out to investigate the exposure of DEHP in human and explore the association of DEHP and NTDs. The level of DEHP in maternal urine was measured and analyzed by GC-MS. To further validate the results in human NTDs, chick embryos were used as animal models. Viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative stress indicators and apoptosis were detected in DEHP-treated chick embryos. Our research revealed that the detection ratio of positive DEHP and its metabolites in maternal urine were observed dramatically higher in NTDs population than that in normal controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, DEHP treatment (10-6 M) led to developmental toxicity in chick embryos via accelerating oxidative stress response and cell apoptosis, and changing the level of oxidative stress-related indicators. Moreover, high dose choline (100 μg/μl) could partially restrain the toxicity effects induced by DEHP. Our data collectively imply that the incidence of NTDs may closely associate with DEHP exposure, which disturbs the development of neural tubes by enhancing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First medical center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chan Juan Hao
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang R, Sun DG, Song G, Guan CY, Cui Y, Ma X, Xia HF. Choline, not folate, can attenuate the teratogenic effects ofdibutyl phthalate (DBP) during early chick embryo development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29763-29779. [PMID: 31407264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a persistent environmental pollutant, can induce neural tube abnormal development in animals. The possible effects of DBP exposure on human neural tube defects (NTDs) remain elusive. In this study, the distribution of DBP in the body fluid of human NTDs was detected by GC-MS. Then, chick embryos were used to investigate the effects of DBP on early embryonic development. Oxidative stress indicators in chick embryos and the body fluid of human NTDs were detected by ELISA. The cell apoptosis and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in chick embryos were detected by whole-mount TUNEL and oxidized DCFDA, respectively. The study found that the detection ratio of positive DBP and its metabolites in maternal urine was higher in the NTD population than that in normal controls. 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evidently upregulated and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observably downregulated in amniotic fluid and urine. Animal experiments indicated that DBP treatment induced developmental toxicity in chick embryos by enhancing the levels of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. MDA was increased and SOD was decreased in DBP-treated embryos. Interestingly, the supplement of high-dose choline (100 μg/μL), not folic acid, could partially restore the teratogenic effects of DBP. Our data collectively suggest that the incidence of NTDs is closely associated with DBP exposure. This study may provide new insight for NTD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First medical center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Da-Guang Sun
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Song
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Yi Guan
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Song G, Cui Y, Han ZJ, Xia HF, Ma X. WITHDRAWN: Effects of choline on sodium arsenite-induced neural tube defects in chick embryos. Food Chem Toxicol 2011:S0278-6915(11)00253-5. [PMID: 21708213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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