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Chien CF, Huang LC, Li KY, Yang YH. Cognitive effects of cilostazol in Alzheimer's dementia patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease: A case-control study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:194-199. [PMID: 36682741 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease, characterized by beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Peripheral atherosclerosis may deteriorate these processes via endothelial cell dysfunction and microvascular impairment. Cilostazol - a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor - is a standard treatment for peripheral arterial occlusive disease and a potential treatment for preserving cognitive function in AD patients. We aimed to determine whether cilostazol is beneficial in AD patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease by evaluating Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domains. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 62 AD patients in Taiwan. Thirty-one patients had peripheral arterial occlusive disease and were receiving cilostazol plus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) or N-methyl d-aspartate antagonists, whereas 31 others were receiving AchEIs. Therapeutic responses were measured using neuropsychological assessments. The CASI was administered at baseline and 12 months later; different domains were analyzed between the groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Age, sex, education duration, ApoE ε4 gene status, and initial Mini-Mental State Examination scores were not different between the two groups. Except for fluency, no CASI domains showed a statistical difference between the groups. A significant difference was observed in category fluency (P = 0.010). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for covariate effects, category fluency still showed a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In AD patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease who have received Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy, cilostazol, as an antiplatelet, may help to preserve general cognitive function, with significant preservation in category fluency. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 194-199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang YS, Wang CJ, Wu CH, Wu YH, Lee HN. Frailty is Associated With Frontal Cortex-Related Cognitive Function in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:544-549. [PMID: 33977812 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211016062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the cognitive functions of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients who were robust, frail or pre-frail and hypothesized that declines in frontal cortex-related neuropsychological function would be associated with frailty. METHOD One hundred and sixty outpatients aged 65 years or older with mild AD were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument and further classified into 4 clusters (recent memory, frontal cortex cluster, posterior cortex cluster, and orientation). Other variables included depressive mood, daily activities, body mass index, handgrip strength (HGS), and normal gait speed (NGS). RESULTS Performance in daily activities, and slower NGS than robust group. Both the frail and pre-frail groups had lower HGS and more depressive symptoms than robust group. Generalized linear with ordinal logistic analysis showed that increment in age, slowing in NGS, and worse frontal cortex cluster function associated with being in a higher level of frailty. The patients with depression symptoms were the odds of being in a higher level of frailty compared to those without depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In addition to physical and psychological symptoms, frailty is associated with specific cognitive domains in patients with AD. A multidimensional approach should be used to assess the impact of intervention programs focusing on frail patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu San Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, 156931Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hukou Township, Hsinchu County
| | - Chin Jen Wang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, 59082Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung
| | - Chiu Hsiang Wu
- Department of Nursing, 59082Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu Hsuan Wu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, 59082Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsin Ning Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, 59082Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung
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Liu Z, Zaid M, Hisamatsu T, Tanaka S, Fujiyoshi A, Miyagawa N, Ito T, Kadota A, Tooyama I, Miura K, Ueshima H. Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Are Associated With Lower Cognitive Function, With a Threshold in Non-Diabetic Individuals: A Population-Based Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 30:121-127. [PMID: 31130559 PMCID: PMC7025918 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction has been recognized as a diabetes-related complication. Whether hyperglycemia or elevated fasting glucose are associated with cognitive decline remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationship between fasting glucose levels and cognitive function in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Methods Participants were Japanese diabetic (n = 191) and non-diabetic (n = 616) men, aged 46–81 years, from 2010–2014. Blood samples were taken after a 12 h fast. The Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI), with a maximum score of 100, was used for cognitive assessment. Cognitive domains of CASI were also investigated. Fractional logit regression with covariate adjustment for potential confounders was used to model cross-sectional relationships between fasting blood glucose and CASI score. Results For diabetic individuals, CASI score was 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.12) lower per 1 mmol/L higher fasting glucose level. Short-term memory domain also exhibited an inverse association. For non-diabetic individuals, a reverse U-shaped relationship was observed between fasting glucose and cognitive function, identifying a threshold for highest cognitive performance of 91.8 CASI score at 3.97–6.20 mmol/L (71.5–111.6 mg/dL) fasting glucose. Language ability domain displayed a similar relationship with fasting glucose. Conclusions Elevated fasting glucose levels in diabetic men were associated with lower cognitive function, in which short-term memory was the main associated domain. Interestingly, in non-diabetic men, we identified a threshold for the inverse relationship of elevated fasting glucose with cognitive function. Contrastingly to diabetic men, language ability was the main associated cognitive domain among non-diabetic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Maryam Zaid
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Meguro M, Meguro K, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi S, Tashiro M. Alzheimer's deterioration in intellectual and neurobiological staging supports the retrogenesis model: a double dissociation between verbal/non-verbal judgments and the left/right parieto-temporal glucose metabolism. A retrospective data analysis from the Tajiri Project. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:149-155. [PMID: 31456337 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) patients demonstrate various clinical features reminiscent of children (the retrogenesis model). The Binet test is available for assessing mental development and deterioration. However, neuroimaging correlations remain to be clarified. Although AD patients also manifest social judgment disability, there are few cognitive tests, contrary to so many memory tests. Among the database, we noticed that the Binet test includes the subscale of social judgement using illogical sentences and pictures. The aim of this study is to clarify the neuroimaging correlations for the Binet test, especially for the illogical questions. METHODS Forty participants were selected from the database of the Tajiri Project. The Tanaka-Binet test was used to evaluate the mental age and the basic age. The latter is the age level at which the patient can completely accomplish all questions at the immediately lower age level and is used for calculating the mental age. Using the subtests of illogical sentences/pictures, logical judgment abilities were assessed. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we performed four-grade visual evaluation for cortical atrophy. The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) was measured using an autoradiographic method of 18 F-fluoreodeoxyglucose - positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). RESULTS There was a significant Spearman's correlation between the clinical stage and the basic age. Degree of frontal, temporal and hippocampal atrophy were correlated with the basic age. The entire grey matter and frontal and temporal CMRglc were associated with the basic age. The illogical sentences scores were correlated with the bilateral temporal, hippocampal and the left parieto-temporal CMRglc, whereas the illogical picture scores were correlated with the right parieto-temporal CMRglc. CONCLUSIONS We found that frontal and temporal atrophy as well as hypometabolism were associated with the basic age. Regarding the illogical judgment, the current PET data analysis disclosed that there may be a double dissociation between verbal/non-verbal judgments and the left/right parieto-temporal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenichi Meguro
- The Osaki-Tajiri SKIP Center, Osaki-Tajiri, Japan.,Geriatric Behavioral Neurology Research Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Manabu Tashiro
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Weissberger GH, Melrose RJ, Fanale CM, Veliz JV, Sultzer DL. Cortical Metabolic and Cognitive Correlates of Disorientation in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:707-719. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gali H. Weissberger
- Brain Behavior and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Melrose
- Brain Behavior and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Candace M. Fanale
- Brain Behavior and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph V. Veliz
- Brain Behavior and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David L. Sultzer
- Brain Behavior and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tanaka N, Nakatsuka M, Ishii H, Nakayama R, Hosaka R, Meguro K. Clinical utility of the functional independence measure for assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2013; 13:199-205. [PMID: 24289460 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and especially FIM-Cognition (FIM-C) scores, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), and to determine the influence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) on FIM-C scores. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 37 AD and 40 VaD patients. Cognitive function was assessed with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Activities of daily living were evaluated with the FIM and the Barthel Index. BPSD were assessed with the Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency Weighted Severity Scale. RESULTS For both groups, Spearman's correlations were found between FIM-Motor and Barthel Index scores and between FIM-C and Mini Mental State Examination scores. Each FIM-C subscore was correlated with Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument scores in both groups, except for the FIM-C Social interaction subscore in VaD. VaD patients showing Activity Disturbance and Aggressiveness on the Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency Weighted Severity Scale had significantly lower FIM-C Memory and Social interaction subscores than those without BPSD. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the FIM-Motor and FIM-C scales are useful measures of physical and cognitive disabilities in patients with AD and VaD. The FIM-C profile of AD may reflect global cognitive function, while that of VaD may be more influenced by BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neurology, Kawasaki Kokoro Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
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Inoue K, Meguro K, Akanuma K, Meguro M, Yamaguchi S, Fukuda H. Impaired memory and executive function associated with decreased medial temporal and prefrontal blood flow in Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5 status: the Osaki-Tajiri project. Psychogeriatrics 2012; 12:27-33. [PMID: 22416826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is an assessment of dementia severity based on observations of activities of daily living, and a CDR of 0.5 (CDR 0.5) represents questionable dementia. A combination of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) scores discriminated CDR 0.5 subjects from healthy participants with a high degree of accuracy. We investigated the neurological background of CDR 0.5 subjects by correlating CASI and TMT scores with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS From a community-based cohort, 22 CDR 0.5 participants were recruited. CASI and TMT scores, rCBF measure using [(123) I]-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine and SPECT were obtained. We evaluated the relationships between the CASI domain scores, between TMT scores and rCBF in a regions-of-interest-based analysis, and voxel-based analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 software. RESULTS We found that lower rCBF in the left medial temporal cortex correlated with a decreased CASI domain recent memory score both in the regions-of-interest and statistical parametric mapping analysis. In both the regions-of-interest and statistical parametric mapping analysis, the rCBF in the left prefrontal cortex correlated with CASI domain remote memory and mental manipulation and concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that some CDR 0.5 subjects have functional impairments in the medial temporal lobe as well as in the prefrontal cortex, as reflected in the cognitive decline measured by CASI and TMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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