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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Connexin 43: An Interface Connecting Neuroinflammation to Depression. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041820. [PMID: 36838809 PMCID: PMC9961786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading chronic mental illness worldwide, characterized by anhedonia, pessimism and even suicidal thoughts. Connexin 43 (Cx43), mainly distributed in astrocytes of the brain, is by far the most widely and ubiquitously expressed connexin in almost all vital organs. Cx43 forms gap junction channels in the brain, which mediate energy exchange and effectively maintain physiological homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of Cx43 in the pathogenesis of MDD. Neuroinflammation is one of the most common pathological features of the central nervous system dysfunctions. Inflammatory factors are abnormally elevated in patients with depression and are closely related to nearly all links of depression. After activating the inflammatory pathway in the brain, the release and uptake of glutamate and adenosine triphosphate, through Cx43 in the synaptic cleft, would be affected. In this review, we have summarized the association between Cx43 and neuroinflammation, the cornerstones linking inflammation and depression, and Cx43 abnormalities in depression. We also discuss the significant association of Cx43 in inflammation and depression, which will help to explore new antidepressant drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.W.); (N.-H.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.-Z.W.); +86-10-63165177 (N.-H.C.)
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.W.); (N.-H.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.-Z.W.); +86-10-63165177 (N.-H.C.)
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Paoli C, Misztak P, Mazzini G, Musazzi L. DNA Methylation in Depression and Depressive-Like Phenotype: Biomarker or Target of Pharmacological Intervention? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2267-2291. [PMID: 35105292 PMCID: PMC9890294 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201084536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, the third leading global cause of disability. Regarding aetiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in the onset of depressive disorders, the interaction between genetic vulnerability traits and environmental factors is believed to play a major role. Although much is still to be elucidated about the mechanisms through which the environment can interact with genetic background shaping the disease risk, there is a general agreement about a key role of epigenetic marking. In this narrative review, we focused on the association between changes in DNA methylation patterns and MDD or depressive-like phenotype in animal models, as well as mechanisms of response to antidepressant drugs. We discussed studies presenting DNA methylation changes at specific genes of interest and profiling analyses in both patients and animal models of depression. Overall, we collected evidence showing that DNA methylation could not only be considered as a promising epigenetic biomarker of pathology but could also help in predicting antidepressant treatment efficacy. Finally, we discussed the hypothesis that specific changes in DNA methylation signature could play a role in aetiopathogenetic processes as well as in the induction of antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Paoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Sharma A, Liu H, Herwig-Carl MC, Chand Dakal T, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Epigenetic Regulatory Enzymes: mutation Prevalence and Coexistence in Cancers. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:257-273. [PMID: 33411587 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1872593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is an important layer of transcriptional control with the particularity to affect the broad spectrum of genome. Over the years, largely due to the substantial number of recurrent mutations, there have been hundreds of novel driver genes characterized in various cancers. Additionally, the relative contribution of two dysregulated epigenomic entities (DNA methylation and histone modifications) that gradually drive the cancer phenotype remains in the research focus. However, a complex scenario arises when the disease phenotype does not harbor any relevant mutation or an abnormal transcription level. Although the cancer landscape involves the contribution of multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, herein, we discuss specifically the mutation spectrum of epigenetically-related enzymes in cancer. In addition, we address the coexistence of these two epigenetic entities in malignant human diseases, especially cancer. We suggest that the study of epigenetically-related somatic mutations in the early cellular differentiation stage of embryonic development might help to understand their later-staged footprints in the cancer genome. Furthermore, understanding the co-occurrence and/or inverse association of different disease types and redefining the general definition of "healthy" controls could provide insights into the genome reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Shen J, Lin L, Liao L, Liang W, Yang X, Lin K, Ke L, Zhang L, Kang J, Ding S, Li C, Zheng Z. The involvement of Notch1 signaling pathway in mid-aged female rats under chronic restraint stress. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135313. [PMID: 32827575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Women are vulnerable to adverse stress events, especially during perimenopause. Substantial evidence has associated the impaired neuronal plasticity with abnormal behaviors under stressful conditions in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is critical for neuronal plasticity in the structure and function of brain areas. In this study, the mid-aged female rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress(CRS) in combination with isolated rearing for 6 weeks. The behavior tests and HPA activity were conducted to evaluate the model. The mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 signaling related genes in the hippocampus(HIP) and prefrontal cortex(PFC) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The promoter methylation levels were measured by bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis. CRS induced depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in mid-aged stressed females, as shown by decreased locomotor activity, sucrose consumption and increased HPA activity. Moreover, after CRS, the rats exhibited decreased mRNA and protein levels in Jagged1, Notch1 and Hes5 in the HIP and Notch1, Hes1 and Hes5 in the PFC. However, there were no significant promotor methylation changes between the stressed and control female rats. These findings suggest that Notch1 signaling pathway may contribute to the behavioral changes following CRS in mid-aged female rats and the upstream cause of the gene expression changes needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Shen
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Linghong Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Kaimin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Long Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Lingyuan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Candong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Research Base of TCM Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, China.
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Shen J, Lin L, Liao L, Liang W, Yang X, Lin K, Ke L, Zhang L, Kang J, Ding S, Li C, Zheng Z. WITHDRAWN: The Involvement of Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Mid-aged Female Rats under Chronic Restraint Stress. Neurosci Lett 2020:135244. [PMID: 32652209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Shen
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linghong Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kaimin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Long Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingyuan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Candong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China.
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ÖZGÜR E, TIĞLI H, TIĞLI H. İnsan Hastalıklarında Epigenetiğin Rolüne Klinik Bakış. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.653270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sánchez OF, Rodríguez AV, Velasco-España JM, Murillo LC, Sutachan JJ, Albarracin SL. Role of Connexins 30, 36, and 43 in Brain Tumors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Neuroprotection. Cells 2020; 9:E846. [PMID: 32244528 PMCID: PMC7226843 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction (GJ) channels and their connexins (Cxs) are complex proteins that have essential functions in cell communication processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells express an extraordinary repertory of Cxs that are important for cell to cell communication and diffusion of metabolites, ions, neurotransmitters, and gliotransmitters. GJs and Cxs not only contribute to the normal function of the CNS but also the pathological progress of several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, they have important roles in mediating neuroprotection by internal or external molecules. However, regulation of Cx expression by epigenetic mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the known mechanisms that regulate the expression of the most abundant Cxs in the central nervous system, Cx30, Cx36, and Cx43, and their role in brain cancer, CNS disorders, and neuroprotection. Initially, we focus on describing the Cx gene structure and how this is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Then, the posttranslational modifications that mediate the activity and stability of Cxs are reviewed. Finally, the role of GJs and Cxs in glioblastoma, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and neuroprotection are analyzed with the aim of shedding light in the possibility of using Cx regulators as potential therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F. Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110911 Bogota, Colombia; (A.V.R.); (J.M.V.-E.); (L.C.M.); (J.-J.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia-Luz Albarracin
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110911 Bogota, Colombia; (A.V.R.); (J.M.V.-E.); (L.C.M.); (J.-J.S.)
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Christensen NR, Čalyševa J, Fernandes EFA, Lüchow S, Clemmensen LS, Haugaard‐Kedström LM, Strømgaard K. PDZ Domains as Drug Targets. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2:1800143. [PMID: 32313833 PMCID: PMC7161847 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), discs-large, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ domains play a role in several cellular functions, from cell-cell communication and polarization, to regulation of protein transport and protein metabolism. PDZ domain proteins are also crucial in the formation and stability of protein complexes, establishing an important bridge between extracellular stimuli detected by transmembrane receptors and intracellular responses. PDZ domains have been suggested as promising drug targets in several diseases, ranging from neurological and oncological disorders to viral infections. In this review, the authors describe structural and genetic aspects of PDZ-containing proteins and discuss the current status of the development of small-molecule and peptide modulators of PDZ domains. An overview of potential new therapeutic interventions in PDZ-mediated protein networks is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj R. Christensen
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jelena Čalyševa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Structural and Computational Biology UnitMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
- EMBL International PhD ProgrammeFaculty of BiosciencesEMBL–Heidelberg UniversityGermany
| | - Eduardo F. A. Fernandes
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Susanne Lüchow
- Department of Chemistry – BMCUppsala UniversityBox 576SE75123UppsalaSweden
| | - Louise S. Clemmensen
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Linda M. Haugaard‐Kedström
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
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Peedicayil J, Kumar A. Epigenetic Drugs for Mood Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:151-174. [PMID: 29933949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that changes in epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Such evidence stems from studies conducted on postmortem brain tissues and peripheral cells or tissues of patients with mood disorders. This article describes and discusses the epigenetic changes in the mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) found to date. The article also describes and discusses preclinical drug trials of epigenetic drugs for treating mood disorders. In addition, nonrandomized and randomized controlled trials of nutritional drugs with effects on epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are discussed. Trials of epigenetic drugs and nutritional drugs with epigenetic effects are showing promising results for the treatment of mood disorders. Thus, epigenetic drugs and nutritional drugs with epigenetic effects could be useful in the treatment of patients with these disorders.
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