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Cho HN, Chaves de Souza L, Johnson C, Klein JR, Kirkpatrick TC, Silva R, Letra A. Differentially expressed genes in dental pulp tissues of individuals with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with and without history of COVID-19. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00244-3. [PMID: 37178757 PMCID: PMC10174733 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers have been reported in tissues of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesize that inflamed dental pulp tissues of individuals with previous history of COVID-19 may present a differential inflammatory gene expression profile in comparison to individuals who never had COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental pulp tissues were collected from 27 individuals referred for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Of these, 16 individuals had a history of COVID-19 (6 months to 1 year post infection) and 11 individuals had no previous history of COVID-19 (controls). Total RNA from pulp tissue samples was extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing for comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among groups. DEGs showing log2(fold-change) > 1 or < -1, and P < .05 were considered significantly dysregulated. RESULTS RNA sequencing identified 1461 genes as differentially expressed among the groups. Of these, 311 were protein coding genes, 252 (81%) which were upregulated and 59 (19%) which were downregulated in the COVID group compared to controls. The top upregulated genes in COVID group were HSFX1 (4.12 fold-change) and LINGO3 (2.06 fold-change); significantly downregulated genes were LYZ (-1.52 fold-change), CCL15 and IL8 (-1.45 fold-change). CONCLUSIONS Differential gene expression in dental pulp tissues of COVID and non-COVID groups suggests potential contribution of COVID-19 on dysregulating inflammatory gene expression in the inflamed dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Cho
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - Leticia Chaves de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - Cleverick Johnson
- Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - John R Klein
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy C Kirkpatrick
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - Renato Silva
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Khalil W, Alaa El Din F, Jaffal M, Kanj AEH, Nabbouh A, Kurban M, Rahal EA, Matar GM. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 in Different Dental Infections in the Lebanese Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e38809. [PMID: 37303381 PMCID: PMC10251111 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental infections, which are the main cause of tooth loss, are known to be caused by bacteria. However, recent research suggests that other organisms, such as viruses, may also play a role. In this study, we aim to detect the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and assess its prevalence in tissues infected with various dental infections, including aggressive and chronic periodontitis, pericoronitis, and periapical infection, as well as healthy gingival tissues, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid, for comparison. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 124 adult healthy patients presenting with dental infections requiring dental extractions were conducted to assess the prevalence of HPV-16 in saliva, infected, and healthy tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Samples were collected and a categorical scale was used for the prevalence. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square for the prevalence of HPV-16. RESULTS Among the HPV-16-positive PCR cases, the prevalence of HPV-16 was highest in periapical infection tissues as compared to chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, pericoronitis, and control tissues. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HPV-16 in periapical infection samples was the highest among the studied dental infection samples. Thus, a primary conclusion can be drawn about the presence of an association between HPV-16 and the occurrence of periapical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Khalil
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, LBN
| | - Ferdos Alaa El Din
- Department of Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, IRQ
| | - Marwa Jaffal
- Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, LBN
| | - Abd El Hadi Kanj
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, IRQ
| | - Ali Nabbouh
- Office of Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LBN
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatopathology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LBN
| | - Elias A Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LBN
| | - Ghassan M Matar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LBN
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Rotstein I, Katz J. Acute periapical abscesses in patients with herpes simplex type 1 and herpes zoster. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients infected with herpes simplex type 1 (HS-1) and herpes zoster (HZ). Materials and methods: Integrated data of hospital patients was used. History of HS-1 and HZ diagnosis was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. All cases were diagnosed for acute PAs by calibrated dentists in a hospital setting for patients admitted to urgent care. Diagnosis was made based on clinical examination and imaging data confirming the diagnosis of acute PAs without sinus tract. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute PAs and its association with history of HS-1 and HZ were then calculated. Results: The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history HS-1 was 2.43% as compared to 0.59% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 4.12 and the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history HZ was 2.78% as compared to 0.59% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 4.71 and the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of acute PAs is significantly higher in patients with a history of HS-1 and HZ infections and may warrant an antiviral therapy in certain resistant periapical abscesses.
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Tettevi EJ, Maina M, Simpong DL, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Ocloo A. A Review of African Medicinal Plants and Functional Foods for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease-related Phenotypes, Treatment of HSV-1 Infection and/or Improvement of Gut Microbiota. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221114657. [PMID: 35866220 PMCID: PMC9310297 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is the most common form of dementia globally. Several studies have suggested alteration in the gut microbiota and HSV-1 infection as contributing factors to the development of the disease. As at now, there are no AD attenuating agents and AD pharmacotherapy is focused on managing symptoms while plants used in ethnomedicine remain potential sources of drugs for the treatment of the condition. Here, we reviewed published databases for African ethnomedicinal plants and functional foods of African origin that are used in the management of AD-related phenotypes, treatment of herpes simplex virus −1 (HSV-1) and/or improvement of gut microbiota. A total of 101 unique plant species and 24 different types of traditionally prepared African functional foodstuff were identified. Of the 101 identified plant species, 50 species serve as functional foodstuffs. Twenty-three (23) of the ethnomedicinal plant families were successfully identified for the treatment and management of AD-related phenotypes and age-related dementia. Eighteen (18) African plant species from 15 families were also identified as potent remedies for HSV-1; while many African wild fruits (3 species), roots and tubers (7 species), leafy vegetables (14 species), and seaweeds (26 species) were functional foods for modifying AD-related phenotypes. It was concluded that African medicinal plants are potential sources of both AD attenuating agents and phytocompounds that may be used against HSV-1 infection and alteration of gut microbiota. Additionally, a number of African functional foods are important sources of prebiotics and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jenner Tettevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research—Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mahmoud Maina
- Serpell Laboratory, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - David Larbi Simpong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mike Y. Osei-Atweneboana
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research—Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- CSIR-College of Science and Technology, 2nd CSIR Close, Airport Residential Area, Behind Golden Tulip Hotel, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ocloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Augustine Ocloo, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Volta Road, Legon LG54, Ghana.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions - microbiology of endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 3:512-530. [PMID: 34958494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Naqvi AR, Schwartz J, Brandini DA, Schaller S, Hussein H, Valverde A, Naqvi RA, Shukla D. COVID-19 and oral diseases: Assessing manifestations of a new pathogen in oral infections. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:423-437. [PMID: 34525891 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1967949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently identified virus responsible for life-threatening coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects can be asymptomatic or symptomatic; the later may present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on oral diseases remain poorly studied. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva indicates existence of virus in the oral cavity. Recent studies demonstrating the expression of ACE-2, a SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, in oral tissues further strengthens this observation. Cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients and copious secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in multiple symptomatic oral pathologies including periodontitis and periapical periodontitis suggests that inflammatory microenvironment is a hallmark of both COVID-19 and oral diseases. Hyperinflammation may provide conducive microenvironment for the growth of local oral pathogens or opportunistic microbes and exert detrimental impact on the oral tissue integrity. Multiple case reports have indicated uncharacterized oral lesions, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, higher plaque index, necrotizing/desquamative gingivitis in COVID-19 patients suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may worsen the manifestations of oral infections. However, the underlying factors and pathways remain elusive. Here we summarize current literature and suggest mechanisms for viral pathogenesis of oral dental pathology derived from oral microbiome and oral mucosa-dental tissue interactions. Longitudinal studies will reveal how the virus impairs disease progression and resolution post-therapy. Some relationships we suggest provide the basis for novel monitoring and treatment of oral viral disease in the era of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, promoting evidence-based dentistry guidelines to diagnose virus-infected patients to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Molecular Pathology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela Atili Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samantha Schaller
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heba Hussein
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis, and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Araceli Valverde
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raza Ali Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Alsaegh MA, Varma SR, Altaie AM, Zhu S. Human cytomegalovirus is present in the odontogenic epithelium of ameloblastoma. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1874699. [PMID: 33537117 PMCID: PMC7832985 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1874699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The factor behind the activation of the remnant odontogenic tissues and development of odontogenic cysts and tumors is poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in dentigerous cyst (DC), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AB). Methods: The study included 41 samples, which distributed into DC (n=13), OKC (n=12), and AB (n=16). Conventional PCR assay and IHC analysis were used to detect the HCMV-DNA and HCMV glycoprotein B (HCMV-gB) respectively. Results: HCMV-DNA was detected in 10 samples (62.5%) of AB, four samples (30.8%) of DC, and three samples (25 %) of OKC respectively (χ2 test = 1.195, p= 0.247). Meanwhile, HCMV-gB was found in 12 (75%) of AB, in 2 (15.4%) of DC, and absent in OKC (0.0%) (χ2 test = 4.122, p= 0.042). Conclusions: The high prevalence of HCMV inside the odontogenic epithelium of AB could indicate a possible role of the virus in the oncogenesis and/or oncomodulation of the AB. Additionally, we recommend the IHC for the detection of HCMV in the odontogenic tumors like AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Sharjah Medical Research Institute, Medical College, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shengrong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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8
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Botero JE, Rodríguez‐Medina C, Jaramillo‐Echeverry A, Contreras A. Association between human cytomegalovirus and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:551-558. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Rodríguez‐Medina
- Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
- Facultad de Odontología Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Adriana Jaramillo‐Echeverry
- UNICOC, Colegio Odontológico Colombiano Cali Colombia
- Escuela de Odontología Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia
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Gomes BPFDA, Herrera DR. Etiologic role of root canal infection in apical periodontitis and its relationship with clinical symptomatology. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e69. [PMID: 30365610 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows the polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections, in which bacteria and their products are the main agents for the development, progression, and dissemination of apical periodontitis. Microbial factors in necrotic root canals (e.g., endotoxin) may spread into apical tissue, evoking and supporting a chronic inflammatory load. Thus, apical periodontitis is the result of the complex interplay between microbial factors and host defense against invasion of periradicular tissues. This review of the literature aims to discuss the complex network between endodontic infectious content and host immune response in apical periodontitis. A better understanding of the relationship of microbial factors with clinical symptomatology is important to establish appropriate therapeutic procedures for a more predictable outcome of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Herrera
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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11
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Naqvi AR, Shango J, Seal A, Shukla D, Nares S. Herpesviruses and MicroRNAs: New Pathogenesis Factors in Oral Infection and Disease? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2099. [PMID: 30319604 PMCID: PMC6170608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity incessantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms. Effective and efficient oral innate and adaptive immune responses are incumbent to maintain healthy mucosa. A higher prevalence of Human Herpesviruses (HHV), a family of large enveloped DNA viruses, has been reported in multiple oral inflammatory diseases suggesting their involvement in disease progression. However, the viral components contributing to oral disease remain obscure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-protein coding, single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate diverse messenger RNAs. Thus, miRNAs can control large repertoire of biological processes. Changes in miRNA expression are associated with various oral infections and diseases. Cellular miRNAs can act as pro- or anti-viral factors and dysregulation of host miRNA expression occurs during herpesviruses infection. This strongly suggest a critical role of cellular miRNAs in host-herpesvirus interaction. Interestingly, HHV also encode multiple miRNAs (called viral miRNAs) that may play key role in host-pathogen interaction by modulating both host biological pathways and controlling viral life cycle. Recent studies from our laboratory have identified viral miRNAs (v-miRs) in diseased oral tissue biopsies and demonstrate their immunomodulatory roles. This review discusses the association of miRNAs (both host and viral) and herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Shango
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Seal
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salvador Nares
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Herpes Zoster Involving the Second Division of the Trigeminal Nerve: Case Report and Literature Review. J Endod 2017; 43:1569-1573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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The Role of Varicella Zoster Virus in the Development of Periapical Pathoses and Root Resorption: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2017; 43:1230-1236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Zhong S, Naqvi A, Bair E, Nares S, Khan AA. Viral MicroRNAs Identified in Human Dental Pulp. J Endod 2016; 43:84-89. [PMID: 27939730 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRs) are a family of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They are ubiquitous among multicellular eukaryotes and are also encoded by some viruses. Upon infection, viral miRs (vmiRs) can potentially target gene expression in the host and alter the immune response. Although prior studies have reported viral infections in human pulp, the role of vmiRs in pulpal disease is yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of vmiRs in normal and diseased pulps and to identify potential target genes. METHODS Total RNA was extracted and quantified from normal and inflamed human pulps (N = 28). Expression profiles of vmiRs were then interrogated using miRNA microarrays (V3) and the miRNA Complete Labeling and Hyb Kit (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). To identify vmiRs that were differentially expressed, we applied a permutation test. RESULTS Of the 12 vmiRs detected in the pulp, 4 vmiRs (including those from herpesvirus and human cytomegalovirus) were differentially expressed in inflamed pulp compared with normal pulp (P < .05). Using bioinformatics, we identified potential target genes for the differentially expressed vmiRs. They included key mediators involved in the detection of microbial ligands, chemotaxis, proteolysis, cytokines, and signal transduction molecules. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that miRs may play a role in interspecies regulation of pulpal health and disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which vmiRs can potentially modulate the host response in pulpal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Endodontic Associates, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Afsar Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Bair
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Asma A Khan
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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15
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Shah R, Mehta DS. Prevalence of herpesviruses in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: relationship to clinical parameters and effect of treatment. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:279-85. [PMID: 27563201 PMCID: PMC4976548 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.179896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assess the prevalence of herpesviruses in healthy subjects, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis patients, to assess the relationship between the prevalence of herpesviruses and periodontal clinical parameters, and to evaluate the effect of phase-I therapy on the level of viral detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred patients consisting of 20 healthy subjects, 40 gingivitis, and 40 chronic periodontitis were included in the study. Clinical parameters recorded included plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. The gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients received phase-I periodontal therapy including oral hygiene instructions, full mouth scaling for gingivitis patients and scaling and root planing for chronic periodontitis patients. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected, and the presence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Recording of periodontal parameters as well as GCF collection was performed at baseline and 6 weeks postphase-I therapy. RESULTS At baseline, the levels of HSV-1 and EBV detection were lower in healthy controls as compared to gingivitis (P < 0.05) and chronic periodontitis cases (P < 0.001). Phase-I therapy led to reduction in the amount of HSV-1 and EBV in gingivitis patients (P < 0.05) and for HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus and EBV in chronic periodontitis patients (P < 0.05) in comparison to baseline. The prevalence of EBV in chronic periodontitis patients was positively associated with increased gingival index, probing depth and loss of clinical attachment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher prevalence of HSV-1 and EBV viruses in GCF of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis suggests a strong association between these viruses and periodontal diseases and periodontal therapy can lead to a reduction in herpesviruses at infected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Patel K, Schirru E, Niazi S, Mitchell P, Mannocci F. Multiple Apical Radiolucencies and External Cervical Resorption Associated with Varicella Zoster Virus: A Case Report. J Endod 2016; 42:978-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thakker S, Verma SC. Co-infections and Pathogenesis of KSHV-Associated Malignancies. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:151. [PMID: 26913028 PMCID: PMC4753363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is one of the several carcinogenic viruses that infect humans. KSHV infection has been implicated in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s Disease. While KSHV infection is necessary for the development of KSHV associated malignancies, it is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Evidently, other co-factors are essential for the progression of KSHV induced malignancies. One of the most important co-factors, necessary for the progression of KSHV induced tumors, is immune suppression that frequently arises during co-infection with HIV and also by other immune suppressants. In this mini-review, we discuss the roles of co-infection with HIV and other pathogens on KSHV infection and pathogenesis.
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Popovic J, Gasic J, Zivkovic S, Kesic L, Mitic A, Nikolic M, Milasin J. Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Chronic Periapical Lesions. Intervirology 2015; 58:271-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000441208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes in Apical Periodontitis Lesions. J Endod 2015; 41:1847-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ozbek SM, Ozbek A, Demiray T. Prevalence of several herpesviruses and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses. Int Endod J 2015; 49:519-25. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ozbek
- Oral and Dental Health Center; Eskişehir Turkey
| | - A. Ozbek
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology; Medical Faculty; Sakarya University; Sakarya Turkey
| | - T. Demiray
- Sakarya Education and Research Hospital Medical Microbiology Laboratory; Sakarya Turkey
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Hernández Vigueras S, Donoso Zúñiga M, Jané-Salas E, Salazar Navarrete L, Segura-Egea JJ, Velasco-Ortega E, López-López J. Viruses in pulp and periapical inflammation: a review. Odontology 2015; 104:184-91. [PMID: 25796386 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of viruses in endodontic disease has been studied in the last decade. Their presence is associated with periapical radiolucency and with clinical findings, such as pain. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific evidence currently published about viruses in pulp and periapical inflammation, and its possible clinical implications. A literature review was carried out using the Medline/Pubmed database. The search was performed, in English and Spanish, using the following keyword combinations: virus AND endodontic; virus AND periapical; virus AND pulpitis; herpesvirus AND periapical; papillomavirus AND periapical. We subsequently selected the most relevant studies, which complied with the search criterion. A total of 21 articles were included, of which 18 detected the present of viruses in the samples. In 3 of the studies, viral presence was not found in the samples studied. The Epstein-Barr virus was found in about 41 % of cases compared to controls, in which it was present in about 2 %. The main association between viruses and endodontic pathosis is between Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus; these are found in 114 of the 406 samples of different endodontic pathosis. Some evidence supports that the Epstein-Barr virus is present in a significant number of endodontic diseases, without exact knowledge of their action in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlette Hernández Vigueras
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,PhD Program in Odontology Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Donoso Zúñiga
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Enric Jané-Salas
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Salazar Navarrete
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | - José López-López
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Odontostomatology, Pabellón de Gobierno 2ª Planta, Bellvitge University Campus, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bezerra TM, Ferreira DC, Carmo FL, Pinheiro R, Leite DCA, Cavalcante FS, Belinho RA, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS, dos Santos KRN, Castro GFBA. Herpesvirus in the oral cavity of children with leukaemia and its impact on the oral bacterial community profile. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:222-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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de Paula VAC, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Cavalcante FS, do Carmo FL, Rosado AS, Primo LG, dos Santos KRN. Clinical signs and bacterial communities of deciduous necrotic root canals detected by PCR-DGGE analysis: Research association. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:848-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions in endodontic microbiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Ozbek A, Ozbek SM. Detection of herpesviruses and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses by real-time PCR. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:343-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ablashi D, Agut H, Alvarez-Lafuente R, Clark DA, Dewhurst S, DiLuca D, Flamand L, Frenkel N, Gallo R, Gompels UA, Höllsberg P, Jacobson S, Luppi M, Lusso P, Malnati M, Medveczky P, Mori Y, Pellett PE, Pritchett JC, Yamanishi K, Yoshikawa T. Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as distinct viruses. Arch Virol 2014; 159:863-70. [PMID: 24193951 PMCID: PMC4750402 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), two distinct variants, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, were identified. In 2012, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classified HHV-6A and HHV-6B as separate viruses. This review outlines several of the documented epidemiological, biological, and immunological distinctions between HHV-6A and HHV-6B, which support the ICTV classification. The utilization of virus-specific clinical and laboratory assays for distinguishing HHV-6A and HHV-6B is now required for further classification. For clarity in biological and clinical distinctions between HHV-6A and HHV-6B, scientists and physicians are herein urged, where possible, to differentiate carefully between HHV-6A and HHV-6B in all future publications.
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Jakovljevic A, Andric M. Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Etiopathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2014; 40:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pinheiro RDS, Ferreira DDC, Nóbrega F, Santos NSDO, Souza IPRD, Castro GFBDA. Current status of herpesvirus identification in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:15-9. [PMID: 23563819 DOI: 10.1590/0037-868217172013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus type 6, type 7 and type 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children/adolescents and verify the association between viral subtypes and clinical factors. METHODS The cells of oral mucosa were collected from 50 HIV infected children/adolescents, 3-13 years old (mean age 8.66). The majority (66%) of selected were girls, and they were all outpatients at the pediatric AIDS clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nested-PCR was used to identify the viral types. RESULTS Absence of immunosuppression was observed in 66% of the children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used by 72.1% of selected and moderate viral load was observed in 56% of the children/adolescents. Viral types were found in 86% of the children and the subtypes were: HSV-1 (4%), HSV-2 (2%), VZV (4%), EBV (0%), HCMV (24%), HHV6 (18%), HHV-7 (68%), HHV8 (0%). CONCLUSIONS The use of HAART has helped to reduce oral lesions, especially with herpes virus infections. The health professionals who work with these patients should be aware of such lesions because of their predictive value and the herpes virus can be found circulating in the oral cavity without causing lesions.
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Abstract
Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister, Streptococcus, and Treponema. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.
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Grawish MEA, Khounganian R, Hamam MK, Zaher AR, Hegazy D, El-Negoly SAER, Hassan G, Zyada MM. Altered coronal tissue of the human dental pulp in chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients. J Endod 2013; 39:752-8. [PMID: 23683274 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by a high rate of chronicity and concerns 170 million individuals worldwide. Extrahepatic manifestations are frequently observed in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Although extrahepatic manifestations do exist with all hepatitis viruses, they are more commonly associated with chronic HCV infection. This study aimed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of chronic HCV infection on the coronal tissue of the human dental pulp. METHODS Thirty sound impacted teeth were obtained from healthy individuals as healthy controls. The patient group included another 30 sound impacted teeth obtained from chronic HCV-infected patients. The coronal pulp tissues were carefully removed, fixed, and processed to be stained with hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue (2.5)/periodic acid-Schiff, van Gieson, and fibronectin. RESULTS The tissue sections of chronic HCV patients revealed disorganized pulp tissue, chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, thickening, stenosis and occlusion of large-sized blood vessel arteriole, and collapsed venule and lymphatic system. The acidic, neutral, and mixed mucins were increased, whereas the amount of collagen was decreased, accompanied with marked decrease in the distribution and quantity of fibronectin glycoprotein. Application of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were statistically significant changes between the 2 groups (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS The coronal tissue of the dental pulp, like any other body tissues, is affected by chronic HCV infection, with an inappropriate cellularity, vasculature, and extracellular matrix proteins. The clinician should be alerted to these histologic changes and their subsequent implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Awady Grawish
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Expression in Periapical Lesions Infected by Epstein-Barr Virus. J Endod 2013; 39:456-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Braga D, Bezerra T, Matos V, Cavalcante FS, Matos P, Hespanhol W, Cavalcante MA, Carvalho Ferreira D. Uncommon Diagnosis of Oral Kaposi's Sarcoma in an Elderly Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seronegative Adult. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:1174-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Braga
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Taciria Bezerra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Virginia Matos
- Pharmaceutical-biochemistry; Cytopathology Laboratory; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Cavalcante
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Pricilla Matos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Wagner Hespanhol
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Cavalcante
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Dennis Carvalho Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
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Sanders AE, Slade GD, Patton LL. National prevalence of oral HPV infection and related risk factors in the U.S. adult population. Oral Dis 2012; 18:430-41. [PMID: 22251072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the rapidly growing evidence that oral human papilloma viruses (HPV) infection contributes to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It also reports the first nationally representative estimates of oral HPV prevalence in the United States adult population. An estimated 7.3% (95% CI: 6.0, 8.9) of the U.S. population had one or more oral HPV types detected in oral rinse; 3.1% (95%CI: 2.4, 3.9) of the U.S. population had one or more oncogenic HPV types. A substantial excess risk of HPV infection in men is not explained by education, smoking, age of sexual debut, or number of lifetime sex partners. Based on the published finding from a case-control study, where there was an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) for the association of head and neck cancer oncogenic oral HPV infection, the estimated population attributable risk for head and neck cancer in the U.S. population was 4.7%. In other words, there would be a 4.7% reduction in incidence rate of head and neck cancer in the United States if oncogenic HPV infection could be prevented. The results also provide population data that help evaluate the likely public health benefits of prophylactic vaccination against oral HPV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA.
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Significance of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Inducing Cytokine Expression in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2012; 38:47-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guilherme BPS, Ferreira DC, Rôças IN, Provenzano JC, Santos KRN, Siqueira JF. Herpesvirus carriage in saliva and posttreatment apical periodontitis: searching for association. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:678-83. [PMID: 21831677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herpesvirus infection can cause immunosuppression and then act as a modifier of apical periodontitis, influencing the disease severity and response to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate if herpesvirus infection, as inferred by salivary carriage, may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. STUDY DESIGN The study population included 72 patients who had root canals treated more than 1 year previously because of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. At the follow-up examination, 27 of these patients presented with posttreatment apical periodontitis (failure) and 45 individuals exhibited healed/healing periradicular tissues (success). Saliva was collected from these individuals, DNA was extracted, subjected to multiple displacement amplification, and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the presence of 6 herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). RESULTS Except for HSV-1/2, all other herpesviruses were detected in saliva from both healed/healing and diseased groups. HHV-8 was the most frequent herpesvirus found in saliva (84% in success, 89% in failure), followed by HCMV (22% in success, 30% in failure), EBV (16% in success, 18.5% in failure) and HHV-6 (7% in success, 15% in failure). No significant association of herpesvirus carriage in saliva with poor treatment outcome was discernible in the population studied (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Data from the present study suggest that herpesvirus infection may not influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P S Guilherme
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ferreira DC, Rôças IN, Paiva SS, Carmo FL, Cavalcante FS, Rosado AS, Santos KR, Siqueira JF. Viral-bacterial associations in acute apical abscesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Identification of herpesvirus types 1 to 8 and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses. Br Dent J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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