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Ng TYK, Lee AHC, Chang JWW, Leung WSF, Cen R, Cheung GSP, Zhang C. Effect of MMP Inhibitors on the Bond Strength of Fibre Posts After Ageing. Int Dent J 2023; 73:834-839. [PMID: 37230841 PMCID: PMC10658439 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors on the bond strength of resin-cemented fibre posts to radicular dentin under an aged-loaded condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radicular dentin was prepared and irrigated by MMP inhibitor solution after root canal obturation in 60 extracted single-rooted teeth based on 6 groups: (1) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) + loaded; (2) CHX + unloaded; (3) 0.5% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) + loaded; (4) BAC + unloaded; (5) 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + loaded; and (6) EDTA + unloaded. After final rinsing, all specimens were sliced cross-sectionally and kept in a water bath for 12 months of ageing. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were subjected to cyclic loading. Push-out tests were conducted using a universal testing machine, and failure mode was examined. The data were analysed using 3-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests at α = 0.05. RESULTS BAC + unloaded demonstrated the highest mean bond strength (3.12 ± 0.18 MPa; P < .001), while the BAC + loaded and CHX + loaded groups showed a significantly lower push-out bond strength than their unloaded counterparts. Mixed adhesive-cohesive failure was the most common failure mode observed. CONCLUSIONS Without cycling loading, BAC was superior to CHX and EDTA in preserving the bond strength of resin-cemented fibre posts after 12 months of ageing. Loading significantly weakened the effectiveness of BAC and CHX in preserving the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Yin Kelvin Ng
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Angeline Hui Cheng Lee
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jeffrey Wen Wei Chang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wing See Fiona Leung
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cen
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Gary Shun Pan Cheung
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China.
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Hazar A, Akgül S, Hazar E. Effect of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride on the long-term push-out bond strength of fiber posts. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1242-1248. [PMID: 37794535 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_434_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Fiber posts are widely used in endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of coronal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate immediate and the long-term effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) application, on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts. Material and Methods Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and root canal treatment was performed. After post space preparation, the specimens were divided into three groups according to the post space-surface pretreatment (n = 20); no surface treatment (control group-Group 1), 2% CHX application (Group 2), and 1% BAC application (Group 3). A self-curing adhesive cement and an etch and rinse adhesive were used for the cementation of posts. Three sections (one cervical, one middle, and one apical) of 1 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen. A push-out test was performed immediately on the half of the specimen sections (n = 10). The other half of the specimen sections were subjected to 20.000 thermal cycles before applying the push-out test (n = 10). The failure mode of each specimen was observed under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Results The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey Honestly significant difference (HSD), and Tamhane tests (P = 0.05). The cervical thirds displayed the highest, and the apical thirds showed the lowest values in all groups (P < 0.05), except the control-aged group (P = 0.554). The aged control groups' values were found to be significantly lower than the aged CHX and BAC groups (P < 0.001). Aging significantly reduced the bond strength values of specimens in control groups (P < 0.001). However, aging did not significantly affect the push-out bond strength values of CHX and BAC groups (P > 0.050). The failure types were adhesive between the post and cement (type 1) in all groups, except control-aged group (type 2). Conclusion The application of 2% chlorhexidine or 1% BAC may be an essential step that can be taken to preserve the bond strength of fiber posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hazar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Akgül
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Hazar
- Department of Endodontics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Ñaupari-Villasante R, Ocampo JB, Cardenas A, Muniz LP, Siqueira F, Moreira A, Feitosa VP, Loguercio AD. Effect of the Viscosity and Application Time of Different Phosphoric Acids on the Bond Strength and Nanoleakage of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin. Oper Dent 2022; 47:E253-E263. [PMID: 36322381 DOI: 10.2341/21-118-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of application time and viscosity of meta-phosphoric acid (MPA) and ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA) on the push-out resin-dentin bond strength (PBS) and nanoleakage (NL) at the adhesive-root dentin interface. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety-six roots of premolars were endodontically prepared and randomly assigned into groups according to the (i) acid (OPA and MPA), (ii) viscosity (gel and liquid), and (iii) application time (7 and 15 seconds). Fiber posts were cemented to the roots, which were then transversally sectioned into serial slices. The slices (cervical, medium, and apical) were subjected to PBS or NL. Analysis of the dentin etching pattern was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PBS (MPa) and NL (%) data were subjected to three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS The cross-product interaction was significant for both PBS and NL (p<0.001). No significant difference in the PBS was observed with the use of OPA compared to MPA (p>0.05). Higher PBS values were observed in the groups etched for 15 seconds compared to 7 seconds, regardless of the acid, viscosity, or root third (p<0.05). Lower NL was observed for MPA etching when compared to OPA etching (p<0.05), and these values were not affected by increasing the application time or acid viscosity (p>0.05). A more pronounced etching pattern was observed with OPA than MPA regardless of the acid viscosity. CONCLUSION The use of 40% meta-phosphoric acid promoted adequate bond strength without increasing dentin demineralization or void spaces in the hybrid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ñaupari-Villasante
- Romina Ñaupari-Villasante, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J B Ocampo
- Jessica B Ocampo, DDS, MS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Santiago de Cali University, Cali, Colombia
| | - Afm Cardenas
- Andres Felipe M Cardenas, DDs, MS, PhD, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry,CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - L P Muniz
- Luana P Muniz, DDS, MS student, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sáo Luis, Maranháo, Brazil
| | - Fsf Siqueira
- Fabiana SF Siqueira, DDs, MS, PhD, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sáo Luís, Maranháo, Brazil
| | - Acl Moreira
- Ana Carolina L Moreira, DDS, MS student, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - V P Feitosa
- Victor P Feitosa, DDs, MS, PhD, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- *Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Baruwa AO, Mazzitelli C, Maravic T, Martins JNR, Mazzoni A, Ginjeira A. In Situ Zymography Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity Following Endodontic Irrigation Protocols and Correlation to Root Dentine Bond Strength. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173567. [PMID: 36080644 PMCID: PMC9460487 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of different root canal irrigating solutions on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and correlation to the push-out bond strength (PBS) and nanoleakage expression (NL) in the root dentin. Seventy-two single-rooted teeth were treated endodontically and distributed into four groups (n = 6 for in-situ zymography, n = 10 for PBS, and n = 2 for NL per group) according to the irrigating solutions used: (I) saline (S); (II) 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (SH); (III) 5.25% SH + 10% citric acid (CA); and (IV) 5.25% SH + 10% CA + 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). After root canal obturation, post space was prepared to receive the glass fiber post. Dual-cure resin was used for luting and light polymerization was performed. The root/fiber post assemblies were sectioned and subjected to in situ zymography, and PBS and NL expression analysis tests. The enzymatic activity was quantified and expressed as a percentage of the green fluorescence, while fractographic evaluation was performed after PBS with a stereomicroscope, and data were statistically analyzed at p < 0.05. The zymography analysis shows high expression of MMPs in the middle third of the root in all groups, while the most abundant activity of MMPs following the irrigating solutions is observed in groups I and III, where saline and citric acid are used, respectively. Inversely, group IV, where chlorhexidine is the final rinse, records the lowest MMP activity with the highest PBS, and the statistical analysis of the groups are ranked as: IV > II > III > I (p < 0.05). The combination of SH, CA, and CHX results in lower expression of MMPs and higher push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin, with no difference seen in the nanoleakage expression (p > 0.05); hence, this irrigation regime with chlorhexidine as a final rinse is more favorable than other combinations in ensuring optimal adhesion to root dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Omokeji Baruwa
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via S. Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via S. Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jorge N. R. Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via S. Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - António Ginjeira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ghazvehi K, Saffarpour A, Habibzadeh S. Effect of pretreatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on the durability of bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:893-899. [PMID: 35726182 PMCID: PMC9382050 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Application of matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors has been suggested to improve the durability of resin–dentin bonding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), carbodiimide (EDC), and chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment on the push‐out bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin. Materials and Methods 24 extracted premolars were assigned randomly to 4 groups after root canal treatment and post space preparation (n = 6). In the first, second, and third groups, radicular dentin was treated with 1 ml of 5% DMSO, 0.3 M EDC, and 2% CHX, respectively. The fourth group (control) received no treatment. The root canals were primed with ED primer II, and the fiber posts were cemented with Panavia F2.0. In each group, half of the specimens were subjected to the push‐out test and the other half to 3000 thermal cycles before testing. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance via SPSS version 20 (p < .05). Results Among the nonthermocycled specimens, the values of push‐out bond strength were observed in the control, EDC, CHX, and DMSO groups, in decreasing order. Among the thermocycled specimens, the values were observed in the control, EDC, DMSO, and CHX groups in decreasing order. Thermocycling had a significant adverse effect on the push‐out bond strength (p = .015), but the effect of material (p = .375), and the interaction effect of material and thermocycling (p = .998) were not significant. Conclusions Application of CHX, DMSO, and EDC had no significant effect on the bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiamehr Ghazvehi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Aida Saffarpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sareh Habibzadeh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Jurema ALB, Correia AMDO, Spinola MDS, Bresciani E, Caneppele TMF. Influence of different intraradicular chemical pretreatments on the bond strength of adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12881. [PMID: 35673777 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systematic review and network meta-analyses were performed to answer the question: Do intraradicular chemical pretreatments affect the bond strength of the adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements? A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library in October 2018 (updated September 2021). In vitro studies that compared the bond strength assessed by push-out tests following at least two dentine chemical treatments prior to fiber post cementation were included. Risk of bias was evaluated. A random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison model was used to compare push-out bond strength of different chemical pretreatments. SUCRA (surface area under the cumulative ranking) analysis was performed to rank the pretreatments. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 61 studies remained. SUCRA analysis showed that the best bond strength values for self-etch, etch-and-rinse, and self-adhesive cements were ethyl acetate (SUCRA: 99.8%), low concentration NaOCl (SUCRA: 83.4%), and grape seed extract (SUCRA: 97.6%), respectively. According to the SUCRA rankings, ethanol was in a good position for all adhesive strategies (SUCRA: 78.6%). The use of chemical pretreatments in intraradicular dentine of endodontically treated teeth depends on the adhesive and cementation strategy. The pretreatment generally associated with the highest bond strength was ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Barbosa Jurema
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University- UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Manuela da Silva Spinola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University- UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University- UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University- UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gelio MB, Ramos ATPR, Zaniboni JF, Escalante-Otárola WG, Besegato JF, Kuga MC. Effect of irrigation protocols on chemical smear layer formation over the post-space dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3005-3013. [PMID: 35535716 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of irrigation protocols using 95% ethanol (ET) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) prior the use of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) compared to distilled water (DW) on the chemical smear layer (CSL) formation and incidence of open dentin tubules at the apical, medium, and cervical third of the post-space dentin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images were used. Forty bovine roots were endodontically treated. After, post-space preparation was performed and the roots were randomized in four groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation protocol: DW, CHX, CHX-ET and CHX-PA. The chemical composition of CSL and the incidence of open dentin tubules at the post-space thirds were evaluated by EDS (500× magnification) and SEM (2000× magnification) images, respectively. Data from chemical composition of CSL were descriptively analyzed, while the incidence of open dentin tubules was evaluated by scores and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (p = .05). Cl, Bi, and Si were the chemical elements most found over the dentin after the irrigation with CHX and CHX-ET. Moreover, CHX and CHX-ET showed the highest incidence of CSL (p < .05), but without difference between them (p > .05), regardless of the post-space third. DW and CHX-PA showed similar incidence of CSL (p > .05). No difference on the incidence of open dentin tubules was found for any irrigation protocol and post-space third (p > .05). The use of 1% PA prior the post-space irrigation with CHX decrease the incidence of CSL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The post-space irrigation with chlorhexidine results in the formation of chemical smear layer. Ethanol is not capable to remove the chemical smear layer. Peracetic acid is more effective to remove the chemical smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bena Gelio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joissi Ferrari Zaniboni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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In Vitro Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth Restored with Prefabricated and Custom-Made Fibre-Reinforced Composite Posts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206214. [PMID: 34683806 PMCID: PMC8537123 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study aimed to compare and analyse the differences between the features of prefabricated fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and custom-made FRC posts in the form of a tape and confirm the necessity of using FRC posts in teeth treated endodontically in comparison to direct reconstruction with a composite material. (2) Methods: Sixty premolars after endodontic treatment were used. The teeth were divided into four groups (n-15). Group 1: teeth with embedded prefabricated posts (Mirafit White); group 2: teeth with embedded prefabricated posts (Rebilda); group 3 teeth with embedded custom-made posts in the form of a tape (EverStick); group 4: teeth without a post restored with composite material. The compressive strength of the teeth was tested using the Instron-5944 testing machine until the sample broke. The crystal structure of the investigated posts was detected with the X-ray diffractometer (3) Results: During the experiment, the maximum values of forces at which the damage of the restored premolar teeth after endodontic treatment occurred were obtained. The best results were obtained for teeth rebuilt with Rebilda Posts (1119 N), while teeth with cemented Mirafit White posts were the weakest (968 N). Teeth without an embedded FRC post, rebuilt only with light-cured composite material, obtained the lowest value-859 N. (4) Conclusions: The use of FRC posts increases the resistance to damage of an endodontically treated tooth when compared to direct restoration with light-cured composite material.
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Root canal pre-treatment and adhesive system affect bond strength durability of fiber posts ex vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6419-6434. [PMID: 34125299 PMCID: PMC8531046 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of different pre-treatments on the long-term bond strength of fiberglass posts luted either with dual-curing self-etch adhesives and core build-up composites or with a self-adhesive resin (SAR) cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 180 human root-filled teeth received post-space preparations and three different dentin pre-treatments (PTs): PT1, ethanol (99%); PT2, ethanol-tertiary-butanol-water-solution (AH Plus Cleaner, Dentsply Sirona; York, USA); and PT3, distilled water (control). Five luting systems were used: FU, Futurabond U (Voco; Cuxhaven, Germany); CL, Clearfil DC Bond (Kuraray Noritake; Okayama, Japan); GR, Gradia Core SE Bond (GC Europe NV; Leuven, Belgium); LU, LuxaBond Universal (DMG; Hamburg, Germany); and RX, RelyX Unicem 2 (3M; Minnesota, USA). Roots were cut into six slices (1 mm thick). From each root canal region, three slices were submitted to immediate and three to post-storage push-out testing. The latter were subjected to thermocycling (5-55°C, 6.000 cycles) and stored for six months in saline solution (0.9%, 37°C). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests (MV±SD). RESULTS Bond strength was significantly affected by material (p<0.0005), pre-treatment (p=0.016), and storage (p<0.0005; repeated-measures ANOVA). LU (18.8±8.1MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than RX (16.08±6.4MPa), GR (15.1±4.6MPa), CL (13.95±5.2MPa), and FU (13.7±6.3MPa). PT1 (16.5±6.9MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than PT3 (14.5±5.7MPa). CONCLUSIONS A universal adhesive in self-etch mode combined with a core build-up material revealed higher bond strength than a SAR cement, both interacted positively with Ethanol pre-treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Ethanol (99%) rinsing can be recommended as part of post and core pre-treatment for the investigated luting systems.
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Akram Z, Daood U, Aati S, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Formulation of pH-sensitive chlorhexidine-loaded/mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified experimental dentin adhesive. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bhuva B, Giovarruscio M, Rahim N, Bitter K, Mannocci F. The restoration of root filled teeth: a review of the clinical literature. Int Endod J 2021; 54:509-535. [PMID: 33128279 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians often face dilemmas regarding the most appropriate way to restore a tooth following root canal treatment. Whilst there is established consensus on the importance of the ferrule effect on the predictable restoration of root filled teeth, other factors, such as residual tooth volume, tooth location, number of proximal contacts, timing of the definitive restoration and the presence of cracks, have been reported to influence restoration and tooth survival. The continued evolution of dental materials and techniques, combined with a trend towards more conservative endodontic-restorative procedures, prompts re-evaluation of the scientific literature. The aim of this literature review was to provide an updated overview of the existing clinical literature relating to the restoration of root filled teeth. An electronic literature search of the PubMed, Ovid (via EMBASE) and MEDLINE (via EMBASE) databases up to July 2020 was performed to identify articles that related the survival of root filled teeth and/or restoration type. The following and other terms were searched: restoration, crown, onlay, root canal, root filled, post, clinical, survival, success. Wherever possible, only clinical studies were selected for the literature review. Full texts of the identified articles were independently screened by two reviewers according to pre-defined criteria. This review identifies the main clinical factors influencing the survival of teeth and restorations following root canal treatment in vivo and discusses the data related to specific restoration type on clinical survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhuva
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Giovarruscio
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Rahim
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Bitter
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Mannocci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Seraj B, Ghadimi S, Najafpoor E, Abdolalian F, Khanmohammadi R. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different methods of post space preparation in primary anterior teeth on the fracture resistance of tooth restorations. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:141-146. [PMID: 31592310 PMCID: PMC6773913 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Severely damaged teeth do not have adequate structure to support the composite crown; therefore, use of the canal space has been suggested to increase retention. Furthermore, the effect of post space irrigation protocols on the fracture resistance of the primary anterior teeth has not definitely been studied in postoperative modalities. This study compared the fracture resistance of restorations of primary anterior teeth following irrigation of the post space with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine with and without application of burs.
Methods. Ninety-four extracted primary anterior teeth were selected. Root canal treatments were carried out, 4 mm of the post space was left empty and 1 mm was regarded as a bed. The post space was prepared with and without a bur and the irrigation procedures were carried out with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions. Composite posts were inserted into the canals and the crowns were restored. Following composite etching and light-curing, the fracture resistance of the restored teeth was determined by a universal testing machine.
Results. In the sodium hypochlorite group, fracture resistance of the teeth was 376.8±107.29 N and 475.5±186.89 N without and with bur preparation, respectively. For chlorhexidine protocol, the values were 370.88±175.46 N and 430.85±178.22 N without and with bur preparation, respectively. The effect of irrigating material was not significant; however, the bur and irrigating preparation significantly increased the fracture resistance of the restored teeth (P=0.02).
Conclusion. Post space irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine or 2.5% sodium hypochlorite did not significantly affect the fracture resistance of primary anterior teeth in the post treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Seraj
- Dental Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadimi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Najafpoor
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdolalian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Khanmohammadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Comba A, Scotti N, Mazzoni A, Maravic T, Ribeiro Cunha S, Michelotto Tempesta R, Carossa M, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L. Carbodiimide inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases in radicular dentine. J Dent 2019; 82:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Effects of Endodontic Sealers and Irrigation Systems on Smear Layer Removal after Post Space Preparation. J Endod 2018; 44:1293-1297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Maroulakos G, He J, Nagy WW. The Post-endodontic Adhesive Interface: Theoretical Perspectives and Potential Flaws. J Endod 2018; 44:363-371. [PMID: 29306531 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this review was to analyze the potential of successful bonds of endodontic posts to radicular dentin as well as the limitations of the post-endodontic adhesive interface. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases were searched. The search was augmented by a manual search of the pertinent bibliographies. RESULTS The post-endodontic adhesive interface finds application in the endodontic cohesive units. Many techniques and materials exist to improve the bond between endodontic posts and resin-based materials as well as between resin-based materials and radicular dentin. Different techniques used for the adhesion of metallic and fiber-reinforced posts are discussed and critically analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Although adhesive cementation of endodontic posts is popular, a long-term predictable bond may be compromised because of procedures related to the endodontic treatment and/or the adhesive cementation procedures. Microleakage and degradation phenomena may further jeopardize the post-endodontic adhesive interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Maroulakos
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Jianing He
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - William W Nagy
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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Mokhtari F, Anvar E, Mirshahpanah M, Hemati H, Danesh Kazemi A. The Probable Effect of Irrigation Solution and Time on Bond Strength to Coronal Dentin: An In Vitro Evaluation. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:439-442. [PMID: 29225638 PMCID: PMC5722119 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v12i4.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of root canal irrigants on the microtensile bond strength of 2-step self-etch adhesive to dentin. Methods and Materials: n this study 36 sound extracted human third molars were used. After grinding 3 mm of occlusal surface, teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups based on irrigation material naming normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and also irrigation time (5 or 30 min). Next, teeth were restored with Clearfil SE bond adhesive resin system and Z250 composite. The teeth were then thermo cycled by thermo cycling machine, for 500 cycles between 5º and 55ºC with 60 sec dwell time and 12 sec transfer time. All samples were sectioned into bucco-lingual slabs. The sections were submitted to the micro tensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Irrigation with normal saline, 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 5 or 30 min did not significantly change the microtensile bond strength of adhesive to dentin (P=0.729 for time and P=0.153 for material). However the maximum and minimum microtensile bond strength was attributed to normal saline (44.13 N) and NaOCl (31.29 N) groups, respectively. Conclusion: Iirrigation solution and time have no influence on microtensile bond strength of two-step self-etch adhesive to coronal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mokhtari
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran
| | | | | | - Hamidreza Hemati
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran
| | - Alireza Danesh Kazemi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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ROCHA IJPB, SILVA LDR, SANTA MARIA SLD, OLIVEIRA DPD, PORFÍRIO Z. Análise de dois métodos de desinfecção de condutos radiculares após preparo para pinos: proposta de protocolo protético: estudo in vitro. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução Quando existe perda de suporte coronário e ainda desgaste adicional devido a tratamento endodôntico, muitas vezes, é necessária a utilização de um retentor intrarradicular que devolva a retenção para a restauração, reestabelecendo estética e função às estruturas dentárias perdidas. A cadeia asséptica mantida durante a endodontia pode ser quebrada com alguns procedimentos clínicos. Objetivo Testar um protocolo de desinfecção por E. faecalis dos condutos radiculares, nas etapas de confecção de um retentor intrarradicular, desmistificando que a quebra da cadeia asséptica e o surgimento de infecções radiculares sejam provenientes da reabilitação protética. Material e método 50 dentes unirradiculares com endodontia concluída foram desobturados, tiveram seus condutos preparados para retentor intrarradicular e foram contaminados por Enterococcus faecalis. Os dentes foram separados em três grupos de acordo com a substância desinfectante: G1-solução fisiológica (n=10), G2- hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% (n=20), G3- clorexidina 2% (n=20). Em seguida, foi feita a desinfecção do conduto, secagem e análise da eficácia da solução. A avaliação da presença da bactéria foi feita através do cultivo em caldo Brain Heart Infusion, pelo método da turvação, e posterior identificação pelo meio Ágar Bílis-Esculina. A análise estatística foi feita pelo método do quiquadrado em tabulação cruzada, onde p<0,0001. Resultado Observou-se a inibição bacteriana de 100% em G2 e G3 e crescimento bacteriano de 100% em G1. Conclusão O emprego das substâncias avaliadas nas etapas protéticas de finalização de um retentor intrarradicular, como protocolado por esta pesquisa, é capaz de manter a cadeia asséptica sem interferir no sucesso da reabilitação protética.
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Fráter M, Forster A, Jantyik Á, Braunitzer G, Nagy K, Grandini S. In vitro
fracture resistance of premolar teeth restored with fibre-reinforced composite posts using a single or a multi-post technique. AUST ENDOD J 2016; 43:16-22. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - András Forster
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ádám Jantyik
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gábor Braunitzer
- Department of Oral Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Simone Grandini
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry; Universita degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
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19
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Souza MA, Montagner A, Lana DLD, Vidal CMP, Farina AP, Cecchin D. Comparative evaluation of the retaining of QMix and chlorhexidine formulations on human dentin: a chemical analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:873-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Victorino KR, Kuga MC, Duarte MAH, Cavenago BC, Só MVR, Pereira JR. The effects of chlorhexidine and ethanol on push-out bond strength of fiber posts. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:96-100. [PMID: 26957803 PMCID: PMC4760025 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.173210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Irrigation of root canals with chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethanol is common practice to prevent root canal infection during postplacement. However, pretreatment with these solvents may interfere with the bond strength of posts. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate if root dentin pretreatment using CHX and/or ethanol influences the push-out bond strength of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty space posts prepared in endodontically treated extracted human canine roots were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the dentin pretreatment: Distilled water (W); 1% CHX diacetate solution (1C); CHX diacetate + 99% ethanol (1CE); 99% ethanol (E); and 2% CHX digluconate solution (2C). After pretreatment, the adhesive system (Peak Universal Bond; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) was applied in the root dentin and the FRCR was cemented with resin cement. Then, horizontal slices of 2 mm were obtained from each root third and the push-out bond strength was assessed. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS At all thirds, 1CE and E groups presented similar push-out bond strength values (P > 0.05), which were higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). W, 1C, and 2C groups were similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The root dentin pretreatment with ethanol, alone or mixed with CHX diacetate increased the bond strength of FRCR luted with resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Regina Victorino
- Department of Endodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cavalini Cavenago
- Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Ricardo Pereira
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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21
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Uzun I, Keleş A, Arslan H, Güler B, Keskin C, Gündüz K. Influence of oval and circular post placement using different resin cements on push-out bond strength and void volume analysed by micro-CT. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1175-1182. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Uzun
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
| | - A. Keleş
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
| | - H. Arslan
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ataturk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - B. Güler
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
| | - C. Keskin
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
| | - K. Gündüz
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
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22
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Cecchin D, Pin LC, Farina AP, Souza M, Vidal CDMP, Bello YD, Ferraz CCR, Bedran-Russo A. Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Root Dentin Treated with Natural Cross-linkers. J Endod 2015; 41:1667-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Gomes França FM, Vaneli RC, Conti CDM, Basting RT, do Amaral FLB, Turssi CP. Effect of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol Application on Long-term Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:547-553. [PMID: 26329409 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol application on the push-out bond strength and bond durability of fiber posts cemented with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system/resin cement to intraradicular dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four bovine roots were shaped for the cementation of a fiberglass post and received the application of 37% phosphoric acid. They were then randomly divided into three groups, according to the type of dentin treatment (n = 18) performed: no treatment (control group), 100% ethanol, or 2% chlorhexidine. Next, the adhesive system (Adper Scotch Bond Multipurpose Plus, 3M ESPE) was applied to the dentin, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Glass fiber posts were cemented with dual resin cement (Rely X ARC, 3M ESPE). After 48 hours, the specimens were serially sectioned for push-out test analysis, providing two slices from each root third (cervical, medium and apical), one of which was tested immediately and the other stored in distilled water for 180 days. The data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Tukey's test at a 5% significance level. RESULTS Intraradicular treatment with chlorhexidine yielded the highest bond strength means, followed by ethanol treatment. The control group presented the lowest bond strength means. Water storage exerted no effect on bond strength values. CONCLUSION Both chlorhexidine and ethanol improved push-out bond strength to intraradicular dentin, with the former providing the best results, regardless of the storage time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The application of 2% chlorhexidine or 100% ethanol may be an important step that can be taken to enhance bond strength of fiber posts to intraradicular dentin, when dual resin cements are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Swift, Campinas-SP 13045755 Brazil, e-mail:
| | - Rafaela Crystyan Vaneli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina de Melo Conti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Cecília Pedroso Turssi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo Brazil
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Arslan H, Akcay M, Saygili G, Keskı A, MeŞe İT, Gok A, Dalli M. Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin. Comparison of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming technique with needle and ultrasonic irrigation. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:348-52. [PMID: 25644092 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.967717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with various irrigating solutions on the bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two mandibular premolar roots were divided into six groups after post space preparation and treated with a needle irrigation with distilled water and NaOCl, ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl, PIPS with NaOCl, PIPS with EDTA and PIPS with distilled water at 0.3 W, 15 Hz and 20 mJ per pulse for 60 s. Fiber posts were cemented with a newly marketed, self-adhesive resin cement. The data obtained from the push-out tests were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS PIPS with distilled water resulted in higher push-out values than those of needle (with both distilled water and NaOCl) and ultrasonic irrigation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of PIPS may provide higher bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin than needle and ultrasonic irrigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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25
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Skupien JA, Sarkis-Onofre R, Cenci MS, Moraes RRD, Pereira-Cenci T. A systematic review of factors associated with the retention of glass fiber posts. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100401. [PMID: 26083089 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors that can affect the retention of glass fiber posts to intra-radicular dentin based on in vitro studies that compared the bond strength (BS) of GFPs cemented with resin cements. Searches were carried out in PubMed and Scopus until December 2013. Bond strength values and variables as type of tooth, presence of endodontic treatment, pretreatment of the post, type of bonding agent (if present), type of cement and mode of cement application were extracted from the 34 included studies. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the influence of these parameters on BS. The presence of endodontic treatment decreased the BS values in 22.7% considering the pooled data (p = 0.013). For regular cement, cleaning the post increased BS when compared to silane application without cleaning (p = 0.032), considering cleaning as ethanol, air abrasion, or phosphoric acid application. Applying the cement around the post and into root canal decreased the resistance compared to only around the post (p = 0.02) or only into root canal (p = 0.041), on the other hand, no difference was found for self-adhesive resin cement for the same comparisons (p = 0.858 and p = 0.067). Endodontic treatment, method of cement application, and post pretreatment are factors that might significantly affect the retention of glass-fiber posts into root canals mainly when cemented with regular resin cement. Self-adhesive resin cements were found to be less technique-sensitive to luting procedures as compared with regular resin cements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ratto de Moraes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pereira-Cenci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ertas H, Ok E, Uysal B, Arslan H. Effects of different irrigating solutions and disinfection methods on push-out bond strengths of fiber posts. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:783-7. [PMID: 24773130 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.906651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various irrigating solutions and photoactivated disinfection (PAD) on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two human teeth were divided into eight groups, as follows: (1) irrigation with physiologic saline (control), (2) NaOCl irrigation, (3) chlorhexidine (CHX) irrigation, (4) ethanol (EtOH) irrigation, (5) NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA irrigation, (6) NaOCl-EDTA supplemented with CHX irrigation, (7) NaOCl-EDTA supplemented with EtOH irrigation and (8) NaOCl-EDTA irrigation supplemented with PAD. After the posts were cemented, the roots were transversally sectioned to obtain four slices (1 mm thick) (n = 16). Push-out tests were conducted by applying a load at 0.5 mm/min, types of fracture failures were recorded and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS Push-out bond strength was significantly affected by the type of irrigating solution and the disinfection protocol (p < 0.05). The bond strength of the EtOH, NaOCl and NaOCl-EDTA-CHX irrigated groups was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The highest bond strength was observed in the EtOH irrigated group and the lowest was the NaOCl-EDTA irrigated group. CONCLUSIONS Irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA combined caused lower bond strength than observed in the control group. However, supplementing this combination with CHX improved the post-dentin bond strengths; supplementing with PAD did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ertas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir , Turkey
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27
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Influence of chlorhexidine application time on the bond strength between fiber posts and dentin. J Endod 2014; 40:2045-8. [PMID: 25282373 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) application time on the bond strength and durability of the adhesion of fiber posts relined with resin composite to the root dentin. METHODS Eighty bovine incisor roots were divided into 4 groups after root preparation: control group (irrigation with physiological solution) and experimental groups, CHX for 30 seconds, CHX for 60 seconds, and CHX for 120 seconds. Fiber posts relined with resin composite were cemented with RelyX ARC. The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose total-etching adhesive system was used in half of the samples of each group, and the Clearfil SE Bond self-etching adhesive system was used in the other half. The samples were randomly divided into 2 subgroups, 24 hours of storage and 12 months of storage. All roots were sectioned transversely, and push-out tests were performed. Bond strength means were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Failure mode was determined by examining specimen's surfaces under scanning electron microscope, and its distribution was evaluated by using χ(2) test (α = 0.05). RESULTS CHX pretreatment resulted in homogeneous bond strength values at 24 hours and 12 months of storage, irrespective of the CHX application time and adhesive system (P < .05). A significant bond strength decrease was noticed after 12 months of storage when irrigation was performed with physiological solution in the control groups (P > .05). Significant differences were observed for fracture patterns (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The use of CHX pretreatment could preserve the bond strength of the fiber post relined with resin composite to root dentin for 12 months, irrespective of the CHX application time and adhesive system used.
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Dias KC, Soares CJ, Steier L, Versiani MA, Abi Rached-Júnior FJ, Pécora JD, Correa Silva-Sousa YT, de Sousa-Neto MD. Influence of Drying Protocol with Isopropyl Alcohol on the Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealers to the Root Dentin. J Endod 2014; 40:1454-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou J, Yang X, Chen L, Liu X, Ma L, Tan J. Pre-treatment of radicular dentin by self-etch primer containing chlorhexidine can improve fiber post bond durability. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:248-55. [PMID: 23538760 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the pre-treatment of radicular dentin by ED Primer containing different concentrations of chlorhexidine can improve the bond durability of fiber post to radicular dentin. Experimental ED primers containing different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0%, 0.5% and 1.0%) were prepared. Thirty extracted maxillary anterior teeth were divided into 3 groups, each group corresponding to different chlorhexidine concentrations. Fiber posts were cemented in endodontically treated teeth with experimental ED primers and Panavia F. The bonded teeth were transversally sectioned into six slices and then were processed for thin slice push-out test 24 h later or after 18-months water storage. Eighteen-month storage resulted in significant bond strength reduction of all groups (p<0.05). The bond strength reduction of 1.0% group was significantly lower than that of control group and 0.5% group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the incorporation of 1.0% chlorhexidine into ED primer can extend the bond longevity of fiber post to radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P R of China
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Ekambaram M, Yiu CKY, Matinlinna JP, Chang JWW, Tay FR, King NM. Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive to intraradicular dentine. J Dent 2014; 42:872-82. [PMID: 24561042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of adjunctive application of ethanol-wet bonding and chlorhexidine (CHX) with a hydrophobic adhesive on bond durability of fibre posts to intraradicular dentine. METHODS Ninety-six extracted human teeth with a single root and root canal were prepared for post placement after endodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=24) after etching and rinsing for rewetting: Group 1: water-wet bonding, Group 2: water-wet bonding with CHX, Group 3: ethanol-wet bonding and Group 4: ethanol-wet bonding with CHX. Teeth in Groups 1 and 2 were treated with either distilled water or distilled water with 2% CHX for 60 s; while teeth in Groups 3 and 4 were treated with either 100% ethanol or 100% ethanol with 2% CHX. Two coats of primer, followed by neat resin were applied and light-cured for 40 s. Fibre posts were luted to bonded root dentine using dual-cure resin cement. Bonded roots were subjected to push-out bond strength testing and interfacial nanoleakage evaluation after 24 h, 6 and 12 months of storage. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA (rewetting solutions, time and post space regions) and SNK tests. RESULTS Groups 3 and 4 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher bond strengths and lower nanoleakage than Groups 1 and 2 after 12 months of ageing. Addition of 2% chlorhexidine to ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive did not further improve the bonding of a fibre post to intraradicular dentine, when compared to ethanol-wet bonding alone after 12 months of ageing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive alone could improve the bond durability of fibre post to intraradicular dentine and therefore would increase the success rate of post and core restorations of endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ekambaram
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Material Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jeffrey Wen Wei Chang
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Franklin Russell Tay
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nigel Martyn King
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Oral Health Centre of WA, Australia
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Cuadros-Sanchez J, Szesz A, Hass V, Patzlaff RT, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effects of sonic application of adhesive systems on bonding fiber posts to root canals. J Endod 2014; 40:1201-5. [PMID: 25069933 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luting posts inside the root canal is still a challenge because of the difficulty of bonding adhesive materials in the apical third of roots. This study evaluated the effect of the application mode of 3 simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives on the push-out bond strength (PBS), nanoleakage (NL), and in situ degree of conversion (DC) of fiber posts in the root canal. METHODS The roots of human premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 6 groups according to the combination of the main factors: adhesive (Ambar, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Adper Single Bond 2, 3MESPE, St Paul, MN; and XP Bond+self-cure activator, DeTrey Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) and application mode (manual or sonic). The posts were cemented and the PBS tested at 0.5 mm/min. The NL was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy after the immersion of specimens in 50% silver nitrate. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the in situ DC. Root third was also considered in the statistical evaluation. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%). RESULTS Under sonic application, the PBS and the in situ DC increased, whereas NL decreased significantly for all groups in the middle and apical thirds (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The application of simplified adhesives by sonic mode in the root canal is a feasible tool to increase the fiber post bond to root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Cuadros-Sanchez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anna Szesz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Viviane Hass
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tiago Patzlaff
- Department of Research and Development, Odeme Biotechnology, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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Hülsmann M. Effects of mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation on the root canal dentin and surrounding tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arslan H, Yılmaz CB, Karatas E, Barutcigil C, Topcuoglu HS, Yeter KY. Efficacy of different treatments of root canal walls on the pull-out bond strength of the fiber posts. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:863-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bitter K, Aschendorff L, Neumann K, Blunck U, Sterzenbach G. Do chlorhexidine and ethanol improve bond strength and durability of adhesion of fiber posts inside the root canal? Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:927-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bitter K, Hambarayan A, Neumann K, Blunck U, Sterzenbach G. Various irrigation protocols for final rinse to improve bond strengths of fiber posts inside the root canal. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:349-54. [PMID: 23841787 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation after post space preparation and its effects on the bond strength of different adhesive strategies are still an issue of interest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of various irrigation protocols (IPs) on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts. One-hundred and fifty extracted human anterior teeth were divided into three groups (n = 50 each) and endodontically treated. The post space was irrigated before post placement using the following five IPs in each group: IP1 (control): 5 ml of distilled water; IP2: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) applied with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); IP3: 1% NaOCl applied with PUI; IP4: 18% ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) followed by 5.25% NaOCl; and IP5: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Fiber posts placement in each group was performed using three different adhesive strategies. A self-etch adhesive system revealed higher bond strength (16.2 ± 6.9 MPa) compared with an etch-and-rinse adhesive (8.5 ± 4.2 MPa) and a self-adhesive resin cement (9.2 ± 4.7 MPa). The use of 18% EDTA/5.25% NaOCl increased the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement. Conversely, this IP decreased the bond strength for the etch-and-rinse adhesive system, whilst 1% NaOCl enhanced the bond strength for the same system. Consequently, each adhesive strategy may need to be adapted to a specific IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bitter
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University School of Dental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Renovato SR, Santana FR, Ferreira JM, Souza JB, Soares CJ, Estrela C. Effect of calcium hydroxide and endodontic irrigants on fibre post bond strength to root canal dentine. Int Endod J 2013; 46:738-46. [PMID: 23551247 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Renovato
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia; MG; Brazil
| | - F. R. Santana
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia; MG; Brazil
| | - J. M. Ferreira
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia; MG; Brazil
| | - J. B. Souza
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - C. J. Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia; MG; Brazil
| | - C. Estrela
- Department of Stomatologic Science; Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
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Wang L, Pinto TA, Silva LM, Araújo DFG, Martins LM, Hannas AR, Pedreira APRV, Francisconi PAS, Honório HM. Effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on bond strength of a glass-fibre post to root dentine. Int Endod J 2013; 46:847-54. [PMID: 23441932 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the immediate influence of dentine bonding systems (DBS) associated with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on glass-fibre post-bond strength to root dentine, in terms of coronal, middle and apical thirds. METHODOLOGY Sixty bovine roots were root filled and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 10): SBMP (3-step etch-and-rinse system, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose), SB (2-step etch-and-rinse system, Single Bond 2), SE (2-step self-etching system, Clearfil SE Bond) and SBMP-CHX, SB-CHX and SE-CHX, respectively, associated with CHX. For all groups, a glass-fibre post was luted with a dual-cure resin cement, RelyX ARC. After 7-day storage, specimens were subjected to the push-out test. Failure modes were analysed under optical microscopy (40x). Bond strength values were statistically analysed by two-way anova and Bonferroni tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS The effect of DBS was significant (P < 0.05), and SE reached higher bond strength in comparison with the other DBS tested. CHX association did not show improvement with any DBS (P > 0.05); rather, it negatively affected SE, which was detected for all thirds. There was no difference between thirds (P > 0.05), except for the SE-CHX, which presented lower values for the apical third (P < 0.05). Adhesive cement/dentine adhesive failure was predominant for all groups. CHX did not influence the failure mode for any DBS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The performance of the dentine bonding systems was material dependent. CHX did not improve immediate bond strength; however, CHX negatively affected the bond strength of the self-etching system, especially in the third apical.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Souza M, Cecchin D, Farina AP, Leite CE, Cruz FF, Pereira CDC, Ferraz CCR, Figueiredo JAP. Evaluation of chlorhexidine substantivity on human dentin: a chemical analysis. J Endod 2012; 38:1249-52. [PMID: 22892744 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the substantivity of chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and gel within a root canal system for 24 hours, 30 days, and 90 days. METHODS Forty-five extracted human anterior teeth were used for this study. The samples were divided into 3 groups according to the chemical auxiliary substance used to perform the root canal preparation: group 1, 2% liquid CHX; group 2, 2% gel CHX; and group 3, distilled water (the control group). The working length was determined by inserting a #10 K-file into the canal up to the moment its tip was seen in the apex foramen and then withdrawing it 1 mm. The roots were prepared up to the instrument #45. Longitudinal grooves were carved on the free surfaces of the roots, providing 2 halves of each root and resulting in 30 samples per group. Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10), and substantivity was evaluated after 24 hours, 30 days, and 90 days of incubation. The amount of CHX (in micrometers) was measured through reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS The control group showed no substantivity. Significant amounts of CHX solution and gel remained retained in dentin substrates independent of the time of incubation (P < .05). CHX solution showed a higher substantivity than CHX gel, with the exception of groups incubated for 90 days. The decreasing amounts of retained CHX inside the canal were for 24 hours >30 days >90 days for CHX solution and 24 hours >30 days ≥ 90 days for CHX gel. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that CHX solution and gel are retained in root canal dentin for up to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UPF, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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