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Okamoto M, Naito K, Duncan HF, Kinomoto Y, Kuriki N, Miura J, Mizuhira M, Suzuki M, Hayashi M. Microstructural Evaluation of the Mineralized Apical Barrier Induced by a Calcium Hydroxide Paste Containing Iodoform: A Case Report. J Endod 2024; 50:243-251. [PMID: 37918795 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 65-year-old man had nonsurgical retreatment using an iodoform and calcium hydroxide paste in a maxillary left canine with persistent apical periodontitis. An apical mineralized barrier (AMB) was observed 3-months postoperatively. Unfortunately, the tooth was extracted due to a cementum tear. This provided an opportunity to analyze the AMB histologically, as there is a lack of previous reports on its microstructure. METHODS After extraction and removal of the granulation tissue from the root surface, the canine was processed, and observed using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and light microscopy. Thereafter, the specimen was resin-embedded specimen was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to understand the mechanism and nature of the AMB formation during apical healing. RESULTS Nonsurgical retreatment was clinically successful based on the absence of clinical symptoms of apical periodontitis and the radiographic presence of an AMB. The AMB was opaque and could be readily differentiated from dentin under a light microscope. Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed that the AMB had the same mineral density as dentin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the AMB had two distinct layers based on the size of the calcified particles. Elemental mapping using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the localization of calcium and phosphorus differed between AMB and other areas of biomineralization. Raman spectral mapping revealed that the surface layer of the AMB consisted of collagen, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSIONS This study explored new analytical methods for elucidating the apical wound-healing process and the nature of the mineralized repair. The findings provided detailed information on the AMB highlighting a bilaminar structure with high calcium components higher on the inside and a brightness similar to cementum not dentin and the presence of hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Okamoto
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Katsuaki Naito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kinomoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanako Kuriki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiro Miura
- Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Mizuhira
- Bruker Japan K.K. Nano Analytics Division, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Teoh YY, Liew KY, Siao J, Wong S, Chandler N, Bogen G. The effects of chelation on the intratubular penetration depth of mineral trioxide aggregate. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:483-491. [PMID: 37200356 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The penetration depth and extent of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) crystallisation into dentinal tubules at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after chelation and MTA obturation were investigated. Standardised 12 mm human root specimens (45) were prepared with NiTi rotary files using 4% NaOCl irrigation. They were randomly allocated to three irrigants (n = 15: 4% NaOCl, 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or Edgemix) and obturated with sodium fluorescein tagged ProRoot MTA. One millimetre thick apical, middle and coronal sections were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine MTA penetration depth and area. Depths varied from 352 to 1821 μm at 6 weeks depending on section level and were unaffected by chelation. No differences (p > 0.05) were found in mean maximum penetration depth or dentine area (%) between the 3 irrigants at all time intervals. MTA mineralisation penetrated up to 90% of dentinal tubules and can extend to the cementum in roots with patent, non-infected tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Teoh
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Khai Yi Liew
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jethro Siao
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shaun Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Chandler
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George Bogen
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Jimenez-Bueno I, Garcia-Contreras R, Aranda-Herrera B, Sakagami H, Lopez-Ayuso CA, Nakajima H, Jurado CA, Nurrohman H. Cytotoxicity, Differentiation, and Biocompatibility of Root-End Filling: A Comprehensive Study. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:514. [PMID: 37999155 PMCID: PMC10669418 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the biocompatibility of endodontic root-end filling materials through cell line responses is both essential and of utmost importance. This study aimed to the cytotoxicity of the type of cell death through apoptosis and autophagy, and odontoblast cell-like differentiation effects of MTA, zinc oxide-eugenol, and two experimental Portland cements modified with bismuth (Portland Bi) and barium (Portland Ba) on primary cell cultures. Material and methods: The cells corresponded to human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts (HPLF, HGF), human pulp cells (HPC), and human squamous carcinoma cells from three different patients (HSC-2, -3, -4). The cements were inoculcated in different concentrations for cytotoxicity evaluation, DNA fragmentation in electrophoresis, apoptosis caspase activation, and autophagy antigen reaction, odontoblast-like cells were differentiated and tested for mineral deposition. The data were subject to a non-parametric test. Results: All cements caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. Contact with zinc oxide-eugenol induced neither DNA fragmentation nor apoptotic caspase-3 activation and autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin). Portland Bi accelerated significantly (p < 0.05) the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells. Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that Portland cement with bismuth exhibits cytocompatibility and promotes odontoblast-like cell differentiation. This research contributes valuable insights into biocompatibility, suggesting its potential use in endodontic repair and biomimetic remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jimenez-Bueno
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico (UAEMex), Toluca 50130, State of Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico; (R.G.-C.); (C.A.L.-A.)
| | - Benjamin Aranda-Herrera
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico; (R.G.-C.); (C.A.L.-A.)
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Christian Andrea Lopez-Ayuso
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico; (R.G.-C.); (C.A.L.-A.)
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Saitama, Japan
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, University of Texas School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Inada RNH, Queiroz MB, Lopes CS, Silva ECA, Torres FFE, da Silva GF, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Cerri PS, Tanomaru-Filho M. Biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and interface analysis calcium silicate repair cements in a dentin tube model. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05002-5. [PMID: 37014506 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to evaluate biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and dentin/material interface of Bio-C Repair (BIOC-R), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP), and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin tubes were implanted into subcutaneous of rats for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Thickness of capsules, number of inflammatory cells (ICs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), and von Kossa were evaluated. Porosity and material/dentin interface voids were also analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS IRM capsules were thicker and contained greater ICs and IL-6-immunopositive cells at 7 and 15 days. BIOC-R capsules exhibited higher thickness and ICs at 7 days and greater IL-6 at 7 and 15 days than MTAHP (p < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed among the groups. OCN-immunopositive cells, von Kossa-positive, and birefringent structures were observed in BIOC-R and MTAHP. MTAHP exhibited higher porosity and interface voids (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BIOC-R, MTAHP, and IRM are biocompatible. Bioceramics materials demonstrate bioactive potential. MTAHP presented the highest porosity and presence of voids. CLINICAL RELEVANCE BIOC-R and MTAHP have adequate biological properties. BIOC-R demonstrated lower porosity and presence of voids, which may represent better sealing for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nanami Handa Inada
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcela Borsatto Queiroz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Soares Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Evelin Carine Alves Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO), Rua Irmã Armida, 10-50, Bauru, SP, CEP 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology and Children Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil.
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Effect of Different Durations of Home Bleaching on Tooth Discoloration Caused by Mineral Trioxide
Aggregate: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.8.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Strategies of Bioceramics, Bioactive Glasses in Endodontics: Future Perspectives of Restorative Dentistry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2530156. [PMID: 35941984 PMCID: PMC9356887 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2530156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevalently, there is a primary strategy to cure caries using restorative materials notably bioceramics. Existing synthetic materials stimulate natural tooth structure with acceptable interfacial bonding and esthetic and biomechanical qualities with better durability. Several bioceramics have been introduced and investigated for their potentialities as restorative materials. Biomineralization of tooth initiates repair and regeneration of natural dental tissue and reinstating the integrity of periodontium. In the evolution of bioceramics in the aspects of different essential composition for dental application, recent technology and modern strategies revolutionize the restorative dentistry. Bioglass is one among the important bioceramics as a restorative material, and by regulating the properties of the material, it is possible to construct improved formulation towards restoration. This article reviews the current revolution of endodontics, existing restorative materials, and technologies to be achieve for engineering materials with the better design.
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Portland Cement: An Overview as a Root Repair Material. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3314912. [PMID: 35036431 PMCID: PMC8758263 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3314912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms the main component of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and demonstrates similar desirable properties as an orthograde or retrograde filling material. PC is able to protect pulp against bacterial infiltration, induce reparative dentinogenesis, and form dentin bridge during the pulp healing process. The biocompatibility, bioactivity, and physical properties of PC have been investigated in vitro and in animal models, as well as in some limited clinical trials. This paper reviews Portland cement's structure and its characteristics and reaction in various environments and eventually accentuates the present concerns with this material. This bioactive endodontic cement has shown promising success rates compared to MTA; however, considerable modifications are required in order to improve its characteristics and expand its application scope as a root repair material. Hence, the extensive chemical modifications incorporated into PC composition to facilitate preparation and handling procedures are discussed. It is still important to further address the applicability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of PC before transferring into day-to-day clinical practice.
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Huang YR, Wu IT, Chen CC, Ding SJ. In vitro comparisons of microscale and nanoscale calcium silicate particles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6034-6047. [PMID: 32597438 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate (CaSi) materials have been used for bone repair and generation due to their osteogenic properties. Tailoring the surface chemistry and structure of CaSi can enhance its clinical performance. There is no direct comparison between microscale and nanoscale CaSi particles. Therefore, this article aimed to compare and evaluate the surface chemistry, structure, and in vitro properties of microscale CaSi (μCaSi) and nanoscale CaSi (nCaSi) particles synthesized by the sol-gel method and precipitation method, respectively. As a result, the semi-crystalline μCaSi powders were assemblies of irregular microparticles containing a major β-dicalcium silicate phase, while the amorphous nCaSi powders consisted of spherical particles with a size of 100 nm. After soaking in a Tris-HCl solution, the amount of Si ions released from nCaSi was higher than that released from μCaSi, but there was no significant difference in Ca ion release between the two CaSi particles. Compared to microscale CaSi (μCaSi), nanoscale CaSi (nCaSi) significantly enhanced the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and inhibited the function of RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the case of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), nanoscale nCaSi displayed a higher bacteriostatic ratio, a greater growth inhibition zone and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than microscale μCaSi. The conclusion is that nanoscale CaSi had greater antibacterial and osteogenic activity compared to microscale CaSi. Next generation CaSi-based materials with unique properties are emerging to meet specific clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Huang
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ting Wu
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan and School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan. and Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Ding SJ, Chu YH, Chen PT. Mechanical Biocompatibility, Osteogenic Activity, and Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Silicate-Zirconia Biocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7106-7118. [PMID: 33748624 PMCID: PMC7970563 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics with high mechanical properties have been used as a load-bearing implant in the dental and orthopedic surgery. However, poor bone bonding properties and high elastic modulus remain a challenge. Calcium silicate (CaSi)-based ceramic can foster osteoblast adhesion, growth, and differentiation and facilitate bone ingrowth. This study was to prepare CaSi-ZrO2 composites and evaluate their mechanical properties, long-term stability, in vitro osteogenic activity, and antibacterial ability. The Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used to evaluate the antibacterial and osteogenic activities of implants in vitro, respectively. Results indicated that the three-point bending strength of ZrO2 was 486 MPa and Young's modulus was 128 GPa, which were much higher than those of the cortical bone. In contrast, the bending strength and modulus of 20% (201 MPa and 48 GPa, respectively) and 30% CaSi (126 MPa and 20 GPa, respectively) composites were close to the reported strength and modulus of the cortical bone. As expected, higher CaSi content implants significantly enhanced cell growth, differentiation, and mineralization of hMSCs. It is interesting to note the induction ability of CaSi in osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs even when cultured in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium. The composite with the higher CaSi contents exhibited the greater bacteriostatic effect against E. coli and S. aureus. In conclusion, the addition of 20 wt % CaSi can effectively improve the mechanical biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and antibacterial activity of ZrO2 ceramics, which may be a potential choice for load-bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute
of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department
of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University
Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hung Chu
- Institute
of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tung Chen
- Institute
of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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What is the best long-term treatment modality for immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis? Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:311-340. [PMID: 33420674 PMCID: PMC8213569 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and assess the current knowledge about apexification and regenerative techniques as a meaningful treatment modality and to map the scientific evidence for the efficacy of both methods for the management of traumatised immature teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. METHODS This systematic review searched five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Medline), and Embase. Published articles written in English were considered for inclusion. The following keywords were used: Regenerative endodontic treatment OR regenerat* OR revital* OR endodontic regeneration OR regenerative endodontics OR pulp revascularization OR revasculari* OR 'traumatized immature teeth'. Only peer-reviewed studies with a study size of at least 20 cases followed up for 24 months were included. Eligibility assessment was performed independently in a blinded manner by three reviewers and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Subgroup analyses were performed on three clinical outcomes: survival, success, and continued root development. RESULTS Seven full texts out of 1359 citations were included and conventional content analysis was performed. Most of the identified citations were case reports and case series. CONCLUSIONS In the present systematic review, the qualitative analysis revealed that both regenerative and apexification techniques had equal rates of success and survival and proved to be effective in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Endodontic regenerative techniques appear to be superior to apexification techniques in terms of stimulation of root maturation, i.e. root wall thickening and root lengthening. Knowledge gaps were identified regarding the treatment and follow-up protocols for both techniques.
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Saltareli FM, Leoni GB, de Lima Ferraz Aguiar N, de Faria NS, Oliveira IR, Bachmann L, Raucci-Neto W. Apatite-like forming ability, porosity, and bond strength of calcium aluminate cement with chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite additives. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:1192-1204. [PMID: 33351220 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite on the apatite-like forming ability, porosity, and bond-strength of calcium-aluminate cements (C). Three hundred bovine root-slices were assigned to one of five groups, according to the material: MTA, C, C + chitosan (Cchi), C + zirconium oxide (Czio), and C + hydroxyapatite (Chap), and within each group, two subgroups, according to the immersion: deionized water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) up to 14 days. Assessments (n = 10) of apatite-like forming ability were performed using scanning-electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. PBS was evaluated for pH and Ca2+ release (n = 10). Bond-strength was analyzed by push-out test (n = 10) and porosity by micro-CT (n = 10). Chemical and push-out data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = .05). Porosity data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and SNK tests (α = .05). Similar Ca/P ratios were observed between all groups (p > .05). The pH of MTA and Cchi were higher than that of other cements at d 3 and 6 (p < .05). Cchi had a higher release of Ca2+ up to 6 days (p < .05). All cements had lower porosity after PBS (p < .05). Cchi and Chap had similar porosity reduction (p > .05), and were higher than MTA, C, and Czio (p < .05). Cchi had higher bond-strength than the other groups (p < .05). PBS samples had higher bond-strength (p < .05). All cements had hydroxyapatite deposition and the chitosan blend had the lowest porosity and the highest bond-strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nayara de Lima Ferraz Aguiar
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Restorative Dentistry Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ivone Regina Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Bachmann
- Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter Raucci-Neto
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Wu IT, Kao PF, Huang YR, Ding SJ. In vitro and in vivo osteogenesis of gelatin-modified calcium silicate cement with washout resistance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Żuk-Grajewska E, Saunders WP, Chadwick RG. Fracture resistance of human roots filled with mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with phosphate-buffered saline, with and without calcium hydroxide pre-medication. Int Endod J 2020; 54:439-453. [PMID: 33025614 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the fracture strength of extracted human roots with apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with either Ca- and Mg-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or water, with and without calcium hydroxide (CH) canal pre-medication. METHODOLOGY A total of 180 single-rooted human teeth were prepared to resemble immature roots and divided into groups (n = 20). The negative control received canal irrigation only, and the positive control received intracanal treatment with CH for either two or twelve weeks. MTA mixed with water was used in Group 1: (i) without CH pre-medication - MTA(W); (ii) after 2 weeks CH pre-medication - 2/52CH + MTA(W); and (iii) after 12-week CH pre-medication - 12/52 CH + MTA(W). MTA mixed with PBS was used in Group 2: (i) without CH pre-medication - MTA(PBS); (ii) after 2-week CH pre-medication - 2/52CH + MTA(PBS); and (iii) after 12-week CH pre-medication - 12/52 CH + MTA(PBS). A compressive force was applied to each root until the point of fracture. The results were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparisons tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups MTA(W), MTA(PBS) and 2/52CH + MTA(PBS), and all three groups were significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) more resistant to fracture than the negative control. Within Group 1, the samples that received two- (P < 0.01) and twelve-week (P < 0.001) CH pre-treatment were more prone to fracture than those which did not. No difference was found amongst the control groups. The roots of the MTA(PBS) group had a higher dependability (P < 0.05) than the MTA(W) group when compared by the Weibull modulus. The difference was also present when a 2-week CH pre-medication was used. CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with Ca- and Mg-free phosphate-buffered saline had a significant strengthening effect on the fracture resistance of structurally weak roots, even when short-term calcium hydroxide pre-medication had been used. MTA mixed with water lost its strengthening effect on human roots when 2- or 12-week CH pre-treatment had been used. Use of CH dressing for up to 12 weeks had no negative effect on fracture resistance of human roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Żuk-Grajewska
- Restorative Department, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - W P Saunders
- Restorative Department, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - R G Chadwick
- Restorative Department, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Meneses CCB, Olivi LT, Carvalho CN, Gavini G, Sipert CR. Cytotoxic Effect of Niobium Phosphate Glass-based Gutta-Percha Points on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro. J Endod 2020; 46:1297-1301. [PMID: 32615173 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outcome of root canal obturation might be affected by the chemical components of the chosen filling materials. Niobium phosphate glass-based gutta-percha (GNB) was proposed as a biomaterial-based obturation point. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and cell modulation effects of GNB points on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vitro. METHODS Human PDLFs were cultured for the assays. Extracts of regular gutta-percha (GP) points and GNB were obtained, serially diluted (1:5, 1:10, and 1:25), and used to stimulate PDLFs. A cell viability assay was performed using alamarBlue reagent (Molecular Probes, Waltham, MA), and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the gene expression for collagen type I and cementum protein 1. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test was performed (P < .05). RESULTS Regular GP reduced cell viability only in pure extracts, whereas GNB exhibited cytotoxicity to PDLFs in pure extracts as well as 1/5 and 1/10 dilutions. The gene expression of collagen type I was down-regulated only in the GNB group (P < .05). The expression of cementum protein 1 remained unaltered by both tested materials. CONCLUSIONS The addition of niobium phosphate glass to GP points increased cytotoxicity, affecting PDLF viability and partially disturbing physiological cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Tofanello Olivi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, University Universidade do Centro de Estudos Unificados do Maranhão - CEUMA, São Luiz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Giulio Gavini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Renata Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tooth discoloration and the effects of internal bleaching on the novel endodontic filling material SavDen® MTA. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:476-482. [PMID: 32600866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was widely used in endodontic therapy as bioceramic material. Although MTA has high biocompatibility, it may lead to tooth discoloration. The aim of this study was to investigate the discoloration of two different bioceramic materials and the effects of internal bleaching. METHODS Thirty single-canal mandibular premolars were extracted and randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10), white ProRoot® MTA, SavDen® MTA and a control group. Endodontic access opening, cleaning and shaping were performed, then the teeth were obturated using the two bioceramic materials. Tooth color was recorded at baseline, day 1, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after treatment. At the end of 24 weeks, sodium perborate was used to perform internal bleaching. Tooth color was recorded at 1, 2, and 6 weeks subsequently. Teeth were measured using a DeguDent® spectrophotometer, and data were transformed into Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L∗a∗b∗ system. RESULTS Teeth treated with white ProRoot® MTA showed significant color change and decrease in L∗ value. Internal bleaching leaded to decrease of the ΔE∗ value for all three groups and increase in the L∗ value. There was no difference in tooth discoloration between SavDen® MTA and the control group after obturation and internal bleaching. CONCLUSION In terms of visual perception, white ProRoot® MTA tends to cause black and blue discoloration. SavDen® MTA, formulated with calcium lactate gluconate, could be used to reduce tooth discoloration in endodontic treatment.
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Pre-application of dentin bonding agent prevents discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:163. [PMID: 32493290 PMCID: PMC7268677 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate tooth discoloration by newly developed calcium silicate-based materials, and to examine the pre-application of dentin bonding agent (DBA) for preventing discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODS The roots of 50 premolars were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) and cavities were prepared from resected root surfaces. MTA was placed in the cavities of teeth belonging to the ProRoot MTA (MTA) and RetroMTA (RMTA) groups. For teeth belonging to the ProRoot + DBA (MTA-B) and RetroMTA + DBA (RMTA-B) groups, DBA was first applied to the cavities prior to the addition of MTA. Teeth in the control group were restored with composite resin only (i.e., without MTA). After 12 weeks, MTA was removed from the MTA and RMTA groups and bleaching agents were applied for 3 additional weeks. Color assessments were recorded at baseline, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks, as well as after bleaching. A one-way ANOVA was performed to assess the differences between the two types of MTAs and color changes following DBA pre-application in each MTA group. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance. RESULTS Following 12 weeks of MTA treatment, there was a significant difference between the discoloration in the MTA and RMTA groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the RMTA and RMTA-B groups (p > 0.05). Following bleaching, the color changes (ΔE values) of the MTA group were not significantly different from those of the MTA-B group (p > 0.05). The difference of ΔE between the RMTA group after internal bleaching and the RMTA-B group was also not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RetroMTA caused significantly less discoloration than ProRoot MTA. Pre-application of DBA reduced discoloration caused by ProRoot MTA. MTA discoloration was improved equally well between DBA pre-application and post-bleaching.
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Jamali Zavare F, Nojehdehian H, Moezizadeh M, Daneshpooy M. Chemical modification of MTA and CEM cement to decrease setting time and improve bioactivity properties by adding alkaline salts. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2020; 14:1-11. [PMID: 32454952 PMCID: PMC7235698 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Calcium-enriched Mixture (CEM) cement are used for pulp capping since they induce the formation of a dentinal bridge. Long setting time is a shortcoming of these types of cement. This study aimed to assess the effect of the incorporation of some alkaline salts to MTA and CEM cement on their setting time, ion release profile, pH, and surface morphology.
Methods. In this in vitro experimental study, 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium fluoride (NaF), and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] were separately added to MTA and CEM cement. The primary and final setting times of the cements were measured using a Gillmore needle apparatus. The samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for one, seven, and 14 days and subjected to x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for phase identification and surface morphology assessment. The change in the pH of solutions was studied, and the calcium ion release profile was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The data were analyzed with ANOVA, followed by post hoc tests.
Results. CaCl2 and CaO decreased the setting time of MTA, and Ca(NO3)2 decreased the setting time of CEM cement. The incorporation of the salts increased the pH and calcium ion release from both cements, and hydroxyapatite deposits were noted to cover the surface of the samples (observed by SEM and confirmed by EDXA).
Conclusion. The incorporation of CaCl2 and CaO into MTA and Ca(NO3)2 into CEM cement decreased their setting time and increased their pH and calcium ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Jamali Zavare
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Irainin Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nojehdehian
- Irainin Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moezizadeh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Daneshpooy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ürkmez EŞ, Pınar Erdem A. Bioactivity evaluation of calcium silicate‐based endodontic materials used for apexification. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:60-67. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Şeyda Ürkmez
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Fatih/Istanbul Turkey
| | - Arzu Pınar Erdem
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Fatih/Istanbul Turkey
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Rahimi S, Salarinasab S, Ghasemi N, Rahbarghazi R, Shahi S, Salem Milani A, Divband B, Davoudi P. In vitro induction of odontogenic activity of human dental pulp stem cells by white Portland cement enriched with zirconium oxide and zinc oxide components. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:3-10. [PMID: 31217912 PMCID: PMC6571518 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with white Portland cement (WPC) on odontogenic capacity of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days.
Methods. Synthesized ZnO and ZrO2 particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of human dental pulp stem cells was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay at 7-, 14- and 21-day intervals after seeding on WPC disks enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 MPs and NPs. Odontogenic potential of ZnO and ZrO2 particles in combination with WPC was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ionized calcium level of supernatant culture media at different time intervals. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Results. All the materials exhibited cell viability over a 21-day period, except for WPC with ZnO NPs on day 7, although it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The ALP activity and ionized calcium level increased in all the groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). ZnO NPs had superior effect on odontogenic activity and calcium ion release compared to ZnO MPs (P=0.046). There was no significant difference between ZrO2 MPs and NPs in odontogenic activity (P>0.05).
Conclusion. WPC enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 increased ALP activity and calcium ion release of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahimi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Salarinasab
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Salem Milani
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Davoudi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Argueta-Figueroa L, Delgado-García JJ, García-Contreras R, Martínez-Alvarez O, Santos-Cruz J, Oliva-Martínez C, Acosta-Torres LS, de la Fuente-Hernández J, Arenas-Arrocena MC. Mineral trioxide aggregate enriched with iron disulfide nanostructures: an evaluation of their physical and biological properties. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:234-243. [PMID: 29442393 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) enriched with iron disulfide (FeS2 ) nanostructures at different concentrations, and to investigate their storage modulus, radiopacity, setting time, pH, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. Iron disulfide nanostructures [with particle size of 0.357 ± 0.156 μm (mean ± SD)] at weight ratios of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt% were added to white MTA (wMTA). The radiopacity, rheological properties, setting time, and pH, as well as the cytotoxicity (assessed using the MTT assay) and antibacterial activity (assessed using the broth microdilution test) were determined for MTA/FeS2 nanostructures. The nanostructures did not modify the radiopacity values of wMTA (~6 mm of aluminium); however, they reduced the setting time from 18.2 ± 3.20 min to 13.7 ± 1.8 min, and the storage modulus was indicative of a good stiffness. Whereas the wMTA/FeS2 nanostructures did not induce cytotoxicity when in contact with human pulp cells (HPCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), they showed bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. Adding FeS2 nanostructures to MTA might be an option for improving the root canal sealing and antibacterial effects of wMTA in endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - José J Delgado-García
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - René García-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Omar Martínez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Santos-Cruz
- Facultad de Química, Energía-Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Oliva-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Laura S Acosta-Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Javier de la Fuente-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ma C Arenas-Arrocena
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
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Yoo YJ, Lee YS, Yoo JS, Perinpanayagam H, Yoo CS, Kang HS, Oh S, Chang SW, Kum KY. Intratubular Biomineralization in a Root Canal Filled with Calcium-Enriched Material over 8 Years. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1388. [PMID: 29206138 PMCID: PMC5744323 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes intratubular biomineralization in root canal, filled with calcium-enriched material after 8 years of clinical maintenance. The schematic findings of dentinal tubules were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The root canal obturation material was closely adapted to root dentin surface, suggesting the possibility of chemical bonding between the two interfaces. SEM and EDS observation of dentinal tubules showed intratubular biomineralized crystal structures with Ca/P ratio in a range of 1.30-2.12, suggesting bioactive capacity of calcium-enriched material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Daehakro 101, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yoo Sang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jun Sang Yoo
- Department of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Department of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Chang Seon Yoo
- Department of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyen Sug Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Daehakro 101, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Raghavendra SS, Jadhav GR, Gathani KM, Kotadia P. Bioceramics in endodontics - a review. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017; 51:S128-S137. [PMID: 29354316 PMCID: PMC5750835 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.63659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina,
Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite,
resorbable Calcium phosphates, among others. They have
been used in dentistry for filling up bony defects, root
repair materials, apical fill materials, perforation sealing,
as endodontic sealers and as aids in regeneration. They
have certain advantages like biocompatibility, non toxicity,
dimensional stability and most importantly in endodontic
applications, being bio-inert. They have a similarity to
Hydroxyapatite, an intrinsic osteo conductive activity and
have an ability to induce regenerative responses in the
human body. In Endodontics, they can be broadly classified
into Calcium Phosphate/ Tricalcium/ Hydroxyapatite based,
Calcium Silicate based or mixtures of Calcium Silicate
and Phosphates. This review focuses on an overview of
Bioceramics, classification and their advantages. It also
gives a detailed insight into individual bioceramic materials
currently used in the fields of Endodontics along with their
properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Surya Raghavendra
- Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Ranganath Jadhav
- Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Silva SRD, Silva Neto JDD, Schnaider TB, Veiga DF, Novo NF, Mesquita Filho M, Ferreira LM. The use of a biocompatible cement in endodontic surgery. A randomized clinical trial 1. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:422-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160060000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bernardi A, Bortoluzzi EA, Felippe WT, Felippe MCS, Wan WS, Teixeira CS. Effects of the addition of nanoparticulate calcium carbonate on setting time, dimensional change, compressive strength, solubility and pH of MTA. Int Endod J 2016; 50:97-105. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bernardi
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - E. A. Bortoluzzi
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - W. T. Felippe
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - M. C. S. Felippe
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - W. S. Wan
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University Ouro Preto; Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - C. S. Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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Jain R, Thomas MS, Yadav A. Resurrecting an unsalvageable lower incisor with a mono-block approach. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:423-6. [PMID: 26430310 PMCID: PMC4578191 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary techniques, as well as the availability of bioactive and adhesive materials in endodontics, have helped revivifying teeth that were deemed hopeless. These newer materials and techniques would enable the clinician: (a) to predictably stop microbial activity (b) to achieve a total corono-apical fluid tight seal and (c) to strengthen mutilated teeth by obtaining intra-radicular reinforcement through mono-block effect. This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of a mutilated anterior tooth with the use of bioactive and adhesive materials to obtain a total seal and mono-block effect. This article also shows the use of a simple method in the placement of root filling cement into the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Geetanjali Dental and Research Institute, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manuel S Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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In Vitro Evaluation of ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and MM-MTA on Human Alveolar Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Terms of Biocompatibility and Mineralization. J Endod 2015; 41:1646-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lee LW, Hsiao SH, Hung WC, Lin YH, Chen PY, Chiang CP. Clinical outcomes for teeth treated with electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber meshes/mineral trioxide aggregate direct pulp capping. J Endod 2015; 41:628-36. [PMID: 25687364 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible material for direct pulp capping. This study was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of pulp-exposed teeth treated with either poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber mesh (PCL-FM) as a barrier for MTA (so-called PCL-FM/MTA) or MTA direct pulp capping. METHODS Sixty human vital teeth were evenly divided into 4 groups (n = 15 in each group). Teeth in groups 1 and 3 had pulp exposure <1 mm in diameter, whereas teeth in groups 2 and 4 had pulp exposure of 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Teeth in groups 1 and 2 were treated with PCL-FM/MTA direct pulp capping, and those in groups 3 and 4 were treated with MTA direct pulp capping. RESULTS Teeth treated with PCL-FM/MTA direct pulp capping needed a significantly shorter mean duration for dentin bridge formation than teeth treated with MTA direct pulp capping. Moreover, teeth with pulp exposure <1.0 mm in diameter needed a significantly shorter mean duration for dentin bridge formation than teeth with pulp exposure of 1-1.5 mm in diameter after either PCL-FM/MTA or MTA direct pulp capping treatment. In addition, teeth treated with PCL-FM/MTA direct pulp capping formed an approximately 3-fold thicker dentin bridge than teeth treated with MTA direct pulp capping 8 weeks or 3 months later. Furthermore, none of the teeth treated with PCL-FM/MTA direct pulp capping showed tooth discoloration after treatment for 3 months. CONCLUSIONS PCL-FM/MTA is a better combination material than MTA alone for direct pulp capping of human permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wan Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Hsiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiang Hung
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ho Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee LW, Hsieh SC, Lin YH, Huang CF, Hsiao SH, Hung WC. Comparison of clinical outcomes for 40 necrotic immature permanent incisors treated with calcium hydroxide or mineral trioxide aggregate apexification/apexogenesis. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Silva SRD, Silva Neto JDD, Veiga DF, Schnaider TB, Ferreira LM. Portland cement versus MTA as a root-end filling material. A pilot study. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:160-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150020000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Huang SC, Wu BC, Ding SJ. Stem cell differentiation-induced calcium silicate cement with bacteriostatic activity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:570-580. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The calcium silicate cement (CSC) on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and bacteriostatic abilities was more effective than calcium phosphate cement (CPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- School of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
| | - Buor-Chang Wu
- School of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Department of Dentistry
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Science
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Setbon H, Devaux J, Iserentant A, Leloup G, Leprince J. Influence of composition on setting kinetics of new injectable and/or fast setting tricalcium silicate cements. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1291-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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ATMEH A, CHONG E, RICHARD G, BOYDE A, FESTY F, WATSON T. Calcium silicate cement-induced remineralisation of totally demineralised dentine in comparison with glass ionomer cement: tetracycline labelling and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2014; 257:151-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. ATMEH
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - E.Z. CHONG
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
| | - G. RICHARD
- Septodont; Saint Maur des Fossés Cedex France
| | - A. BOYDE
- Hard Tissue Research Unit; Queen Mary, University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS U.K
| | - F. FESTY
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
| | - T.F. WATSON
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
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Effect of tricalcium aluminate on the physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of partially stabilized cements. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106754. [PMID: 25247808 PMCID: PMC4172564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was widely used as a root-end filling material and for vital pulp therapy. A significant disadvantage to MTA is the prolonged setting time has limited the application in endodontic treatments. This study examined the physicochemical properties and biological performance of novel partially stabilized cements (PSCs) prepared to address some of the drawbacks of MTA, without causing any change in biological properties. PSC has a great potential as the vital pulp therapy material in dentistry. Methods This study examined three experimental groups consisting of samples that were fabricated using sol-gel processes in C3S/C3A molar ratios of 9/1, 7/3, and 5/5 (denoted as PSC-91, PSC-73, and PSC-55, respectively). The comparison group consisted of MTA samples. The setting times, pH variation, compressive strength, morphology, and phase composition of hydration products and ex vivo bioactivity were evaluated. Moreover, biocompatibility was assessed by using lactate dehydrogenase to determine the cytotoxicity and a cell proliferation (WST-1) assay kit to determine cell viability. Mineralization was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining. Results Crystalline phases, which were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis, confirmed that the C3A contents of the material powder differed. The initial setting times of PSC-73 and PSC-55 ranged between 15 and 25 min; these values are significantly (p<0.05, ANOVA and post-hoc test) lower than those obtained for MTA (165 min) and PSC-91 (80.5 min). All of the PSCs exhibited ex vivo bioactivity when immersed in simulated body fluid. The biocompatibility results for all of the tested cements were as favorable as those of the negative control, except for PSC-55, which exhibited mild cytotoxicity. Conclusion PSC-91 is a favorable material for vital pulp therapy because it exhibits optimal compressive strength, a short setting time, and high biocompatibility and bioactivity.
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Bidar M, Naghavi N, Mohtasham N, Sheik-Nezami M, Fallahrastegar A, Afkhami F, Attaran Mashhadi N, Nargesi I. Mineral trioxide aggregate and portland cement for direct pulp capping in dog: a histopathological evaluation. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2014; 8:134-40. [PMID: 25346831 PMCID: PMC4206754 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2014.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide are considered the gold standard pulp-capping materials. Recently, Portland cement has been introduced with properties similar to those of mineral trioxide aggregate. Histopathological effects of direct pulp capping using mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cements on dog dental pulp tissue were evaluated in the present study. Materials and methods. This histopatological study was carried out on 64 dog premolars. First, the pulp was exposed with a sterile bur. Then, the exposed pulp was capped with white or gray mineral trioxide aggregates and white or gray Portland cements in each quadrant and sealed with glass-ionomer. The specimens were evaluated under a light microscope after 6 months. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was defined at α=5%. Results. There was no acute inflammation in any of the specimens. Chronic inflammation in white and gray mineral trioxide aggregates and white and gray Portland cements was reported to be 45.5%, 27.3%, 57.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Although the differences were not statistically significant, severe inflammation was observed mostly adjacent to white mineral trioxide aggregate. The largest extent of increased vascularization (45%) and the least increase in fibrous tissue were observed adjacent to white mineral trioxide aggregate, with no significant differences. In addition, the least calcified tissue formed adjacent to white mineral trioxide aggregate, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion. The materials used in this study were equally effective as pulp protection materials following direct pulp capping in dog teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bidar
- Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Naghavi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Farzaneh Afkhami
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Attaran Mashhadi
- Student of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Nargesi
- Veterinarian, DVM, Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran
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Tedesco M, Felippe MCS, Felippe WT, Alves AMH, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CS. Adhesive interface and bond strength of endodontic sealers to root canal dentine after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:1015-22. [PMID: 25178588 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the bond strength (BS) and the adhesive interface of four endodontic sealers to root canal dentine, before, and after immersion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to simulate an in vivo environment. Eighty roots were instrumented using ProTaper rotatory files, under irrigation with 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl. Posteriorly were divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the sealer used: Endofill, AH Plus, Sealapex, and MTA Fillapex. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) and stored at 37°C immersed in water for 7 days and in PBS for 60 days. From each subgroup, 1 mm thick sections were obtained. One section of each region (coronal, middle, and apical) was submitted to the push-out test and failures were observed. Twelve sections of each subgroup (four from each region) were evaluated under SEM. Three-way ANOVA evaluation for BS showed significant differences between groups and regions (P < 0.0001), but not between subgroups (P > 0.05). AH Plus had significantly higher BS than the others sealers, regardless of the analyzed subgroup (Tukey's test, P < 0.5). The most common failures were adhesive to dentine and cohesive of the sealer. The SEM evaluation (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney) showed homogeneous adhesive interface formed and sealer tags in all groups with significant statistical differences with AH Plus, regardless of PBS immersion. AH Plus was superior to the other sealers for both BS and quality of interface formation. Immersion in PBS did not interfere on BS or adhesive interface of the sealers tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maybell Tedesco
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
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36
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Viapiana R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Hungaro-Duarte MA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Camilleri J. Chemical characterization and bioactivity of epoxy resin and Portland cement-based sealers with niobium and zirconium oxide radiopacifiers. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1005-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bacterial entombment by intratubular mineralization following orthograde mineral trioxide aggregate obturation: a scanning electron microscopy study. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:227-32. [PMID: 25012869 PMCID: PMC5153584 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The time domain entombment of bacteria by intratubular mineralization following orthograde canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Single-rooted human premolars (n=60) were instrumented to an apical size #50/0.06 using ProFile and treated as follows: Group 1 (n=10) was filled with phosphate buffered saline (PBS); Group 2 (n=10) was incubated with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks, and then filled with PBS; Group 3 (n=20) was obturated orthograde with a paste of OrthoMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea) and PBS; and Group 4 (n=20) was incubated with E. faecalis for 3 weeks and then obturated with OrthoMTA–PBS paste. Following their treatments, the coronal openings were sealed with PBS-soaked cotton and intermediate restorative material (IRM), and the roots were then stored in PBS for 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 weeks. After each incubation period, the roots were split and their dentin/MTA interfaces examined in both longitudinal and horizontal directions by SEM. There appeared to be an increase in intratubular mineralization over time in the OrthoMTA-filled roots (Groups 3 and 4). Furthermore, there was a gradual entombment of bacteria within the dentinal tubules in the E. faecalis inoculated MTA-filled roots (Group 4). Therefore, the orthograde obturation of root canals with OrthoMTA mixed with PBS may create a favorable environment for bacterial entombment by intratubular mineralization.
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Treatment Outcome of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Repair of Root Perforations—Long-term Results. J Endod 2014; 40:790-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Viapiana R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru J, Tanomaru-Filho M, Camilleri J. Interface of dentine to root canal sealers. J Dent 2014; 42:336-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Rosa RA, Santini MF, Heiden K, Só BB, Kuga MC, Pereira JR, Só MVR. SEM evaluation of the interface between filling and root-end filling materials. SCANNING 2014; 36:252-257. [PMID: 23733414 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the presence of gaps at the interface between filling material and three root-end filling materials. Thirty human upper molars disto-buccal roots were instrumented and filled with gutta-percha and eugenol-based sealer. The apicoectomy was performed 2 mm from the apex and retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic points (3 mm in deep). The samples were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10): Group I-white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); Group II-Super EBA; and Group III-Portland cement. The root-end filling materials were inserted into the retocavities using a MTA carrier. After 48 h, the roots were transversally sectioned in order to obtain the apical 5 mm. Next, each specimen was prepared longitudinally with crescent granulation of abrasives water-wet sandpapers in order to expose the filling and root-end filling materials. Then, the specimens were subjected to slow dehydration with silica gel, mounted onto specific stubs and coated with paladium coverage for SEM analysis of the interface between filling and root-end filling materials. The percentage of gaps at the interfacial area was calculated by using Image Tool 3.0 software. Super EBA presented the higher percentage of gaps (1.5 ± 0.67%), whereas MTA presented the lowest values (0.33 ± 0.20%; p = 0.0004). Despite the statistical differences observed between Super EBA and MTA, all the root-end filling materials presented great adaptation to the filling material, presenting small amount of gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rosa
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M F Santini
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K Heiden
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B B Só
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M C Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Pereira
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - M V R Só
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Almeida JD, Alves AMH, Melo RFD, Felippe MCS, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CDS, Felippe WT. The sealing ability of MTA apical plugs exposed to a phosphate-buffered saline. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:341-5. [PMID: 24037073 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure of the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) - with and without calcium chloride (CaCl2) - to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on the apical microleakage using a glucose leakage system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty root segments were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15). After resecting the apical segments and enlarging the canals with Gates-Glidden drills, the apical cavities were filled with MTA with or without CaCl2 and the root canals were dressed with a moistened cotton pellet or PBS, as follows: 1) MTA/cotton pellet; 2) MTA/PBS; 3) MTA+10%CaCl2/cotton pellet; 4) MTA+10%CaCl2/PBS. All root segments were introduced in floral foams moistened with PBS. After 2 months, all root segments were prepared to evaluate the glucose leakage along the apical plugs. The amount of glucose leakage was measured following an enzymatic reaction and quantified by a spectrophotometer. Four roots were used as controls. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS There were no differences between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05), and 3 and 4 (p>0.05). The addition of CaCl2 to the MTA significantly decreased its sealing ability (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The interaction with PBS did not improve the MTA sealing ability. The addition of CaCl2 to the MTA negatively influenced the apical seal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane de Almeida
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, FlorianópolisSC, Brazil
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Mente J, Leo M, Panagidis D, Ohle M, Schneider S, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Pfefferle T. Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate in open apex teeth. J Endod 2013; 39:20-6. [PMID: 23228252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cohort study is the second phase of a previously reported trial. The primary aim was to assess the outcome of the treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs. The secondary goal was to identify potential outcome factors for this kind of treatment with a larger sample size and longer follow-up periods than in the first phase of the project. METHODS Two hundred twenty-one patients who had been treated between 2000 and 2010 were contacted for follow-up examination 12-128 months after treatment (median, 21 months). At the time of treatment, these patients presented a total of 252 teeth with open apices caused by apical root resorption or excessive apical enlargement or with immature apices. Treatment was performed by supervised undergraduate students (12% of teeth), general dentists (49%), and dentists whose practice was limited to endodontics (39%). The investigated outcome relied on clinical and radiographic criteria and was dichotomized as healed or diseased. RESULTS Of 252 examined teeth (88% recall rate), 90% were healed. Teeth with and without preoperative periapical radiolucencies demonstrated healed rates of 85% and 96%, respectively. Forty-five percent of the teeth (113/252) were followed up at least 2 years later and 21% (53/252) at least 4 years later. Univariate survival analyses identified 4 prognostic factors: preoperative apical periodontitis, the experience of the treatment providers, the number of treatment sessions, and the apical extrusion of MTA. Multiple regression analyses confirmed an increased risk of disease for teeth with preoperative apical periodontitis (hazard ratio = 4.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-13.4; P = .005). In addition, the experience of the treatment provider was found to influence the outcome (hazard ratio = 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.75; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Orthograde placement of MTA apical plugs appears to be a promising treatment option for teeth with open apices. The healed rates for such teeth were high in this study, even after follow-up periods of more than 4 years. The presence of preoperative apical periodontitis was identified as an important prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mente
- Division of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wu BC, Huang SC, Ding SJ. Comparative Osteogenesis of Radiopaque Dicalcium Silicate Cement and White-Colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in a Rabbit Femur Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:5675-5689. [PMID: 28788416 PMCID: PMC5452751 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement (RDSC) displayed a shortened setting time and good biocompatibility. This study aimed to compare the regenerative potential of RDSC and white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using a rabbit femur model. The animals were sacrificed at one, three and six months to accomplish histological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that after one month of implantation, WMTA was associated with a greyish color alteration within its mass, while RDSC presented color stability even at six months. Histological assay with Masson's Trichrome and Von Kossa stains showed the presence of newly formed bone surrounding the implanted sites in the rabbit femur. The histochemical data revealed that the RDSC group had significantly more bone regeneration than did the WMTA groups at three and six months. The conclusion drawn is that the encouraging results support the potential applications of RDSC as an improved alternative to WMTA for endodontic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buor-Chang Wu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Ching Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Jang JH, Kang M, Ahn S, Kim S, Kim W, Kim Y, Kim E. Tooth discoloration after the use of new pozzolan cement (Endocem) and mineral trioxide aggregate and the effects of internal bleaching. J Endod 2013; 39:1598-602. [PMID: 24238455 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration after the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and to examine the effect of internal bleaching on discoloration associated with MTA. METHODS Thirty-two teeth were endodontically treated. Three-millimeter plugs of MTA, ProRoot, Angelus, or Endocem were placed on the access cavities of 24 teeth. Eight teeth served as the control group. After 24 hours, the access cavities were restored, and the tooth color was recorded at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the MTA materials were removed under a microscope, and an internal bleaching treatment was performed. After removal of the MTA materials and after a 1-week bleaching treatment, the color changes were measured, and the MTA-dentin interfaces were observed under a microscope. RESULTS The ProRoot and Angelus groups displayed increasing discoloration during a period of 12 weeks. The discoloration associated with ProRoot and Angelus was observed at the MTA-dentin interface and on the interior surface of the dentin. However, the Endocem groups demonstrated no significant discoloration (P < .05). No marginal discoloration was observed around the material in the Endocem group. Removal of the discolored MTA was effective for resolving the discoloration in all of the experimental groups (P < .05). However, a subsequent internal bleaching treatment was not significantly effective compared with the removal of MTA. CONCLUSIONS ProRoot and Angelus caused tooth discoloration. However, Endocem did not affect the contacting dentin surface. Removing the discolored MTA materials contributed more to resolving the tooth discoloration than post-treatment internal bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Jang
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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de Almeida J, Felippe MCS, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CS, Felippe WT. Influence of the exposure of MTA with and without calcium chloride to phosphate-buffered saline on the push-out bond strength to dentine. Int Endod J 2013; 47:449-53. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. de Almeida
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - M. C. S Felippe
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - E. A. Bortoluzzi
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - C. S. Teixeira
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - W. T. Felippe
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
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Chang SW. Chemical characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate and its hydration reaction. Restor Dent Endod 2012; 37:188-93. [PMID: 23429542 PMCID: PMC3568637 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2012.37.4.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed in early 1990s and has been successfully used for root perforation repair, root end filling, and one-visit apexification. MTA is composed mainly of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate. When MTA is hydrated, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium hydroxide is formed. Formed calcium hydroxide interacts with the phosphate ion in body fluid and form amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) which finally transforms into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). These mineral precipitate were reported to form the MTA-dentin interfacial layer which enhances the sealing ability of MTA. Clinically, the use of zinc oxide euginol (ZOE) based materials may retard the setting of MTA. Also, the use of acids or contact with excessive blood should be avoided before complete set of MTA, because these conditions could adversely affect the hydration reaction of MTA. Further studies on the chemical nature of MTA hydration reaction are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Chang
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Cornélio ALG, Andolfatto C, Salles LP, Tanomaru-Filho M. pH and Antimicrobial Activity of Portland Cement Associated with Different Radiopacifying Agents. ISRN DENTISTRY 2012; 2012:469019. [PMID: 23119173 PMCID: PMC3479987 DOI: 10.5402/2012/469019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and pH changes induced by Portland cement (PC) alone and in association with radiopacifiers. Methods. The materials tested were pure PC, PC + bismuth oxide, PC + zirconium oxide, PC + calcium tungstate, and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion test using the following strains: Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. After 24 hours of incubation at 37°C, inhibition of bacterial growth was observed and measured. For pH analysis, material samples (n = 10) were placed in polyethylene tubes and immersed in 10 mL of distilled water. After 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, the pH of the solutions was determined using a pH meter. Results. All microbial species were inhibited by the cements evaluated. All materials composed of PC with radiopacifying agents promoted pH increase similar to pure Portland cement. ZOE had the lowest pH values throughout all experimental periods. Conclusions. All Portland cement-based materials with the addition of different radiopacifiers (bismuth oxide, calcium tungstate, and zirconium oxide) presented antimicrobial activity and pH similar to pure Portland cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Lotfi M, Vosoughhosseini S, Saghiri MA, Rahimi S, Zand V, Reyhani MF, Samiei M, Ghasemi N, Mehrvarzfar P, Azimi S, Shokohinejad N. Effect of Synthetic Tissue Fluid on Microleakage of Grey and White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Root-End Filling Materials: An in vitro study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2012; 12:323-9. [PMID: 22912925 DOI: 10.12816/0003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The success of endodontic surgery has been shown to depend partly on the apical seal. Grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) produces hydroxyapatite twice as often as white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) when suspended in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage phenomenon of gray and white mineral trioxide aggregates as root-end filling materials after immersion in synthetic tissue fluid (STF). METHODS 55 single-rooted extracted maxillary anterior human teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 20 teeth each, plus 3 groups of 5 teeth each as two negative and one positive control groups. The root canals were cleaned, shaped, and laterally compacted with gutta-percha. The root ends were resected and 3 mm deep cavities were prepared. The root-end preparations were filled with GMTA or WMTA in the experimental groups. Leakage was determined using a dye penetration method. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS The mean dye leakage was 0.40 ± 0.1 mm for GMTA and 0.50±0.1 mm for WMTA groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P = 0.14). CONCLUSION Despite the different properties and behaviours of GMTA and WMTA in STF, there were no significant differences in microleakage when using GMTA or WMTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Lotfi
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nano Technology, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
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Bird DC, Komabayashi T, Guo L, Opperman LA, Spears R. In vitro evaluation of dentinal tubule penetration and biomineralization ability of a new root-end filling material. J Endod 2012; 38:1093-6. [PMID: 22794212 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capasio is being developed as a new generation of endodontic material with potential use as a root-end filling material. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of Capasio and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to penetrate human dentinal tubules and examine the interaction of Capasio and MTA with a synthetic tissue fluid (STF) and root canal walls in extracted human teeth. METHODS Root-end preparations were filled with Capasio or MTA, allowed to set for 4 weeks in STF, and then sectioned at 1, 2, and 3 mm from resected surface. Depth of penetration was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Next, Capasio and MTA samples were prepared both in 1-g pellets and in root-end preparations. Samples were placed in STF, allowed to set, and then characterized by using SEM, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. RESULTS Penetration of Capasio into dentinal tubules was observed at all levels. No penetration of MTA into dentinal tubules was observed at any level. Both Capasio and MTA formed apatite crystals in the supernatant, on their exposed surfaces, and in the interfacial layers that were similar in structure and elemental composition when evaluated by using SEM and EDXA. XRD analysis of these crystals corresponds with those reported for hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSIONS When used as a root-end filling material, Capasio is more likely to penetrate dentinal tubules. Both Capasio and MTA promote apatite deposition when exposed to STF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bird
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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