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Niranjan NT, Dastidar PG, Penukonda R, Lin GSS, Babannavar R, Jaysheel A, Pattar H. Impact of calcium hydroxide and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid on the microhardness of root dentine: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024; 112:711-717. [PMID: 38087010 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate and compare the effect of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) on the microhardness of root dentine. Fifty-one matured maxillary central incisors with straight root and type I canal configuration were decoronated to a standardized length of 16 mm. The root canals were cleaned and shaped using rotary instruments up to size F5. The tooth samples were then randomly assigned into three groups (n = 17) based on the intracanal medicament placed. Group A: control group with no intracanal medicament, Group B: root canals placed with Ca(OH)2, and Group C: root canals placed with HICA. After 1 week, the intracanal medicaments placed within the root canals were removed and the canals were dried. Subsequently, the specimens were split longitudinally into two halves and subjected to the Vickers microhardness test with indentations made at the coronal, middle, and apical-third root regions. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. The control group showed significantly highest microhardness value (P < 0.001), followed by HICA and finally, Ca(OH)2 at the coronal, middle, and apical-third root regions, respectively. Nonetheless, there were no statistically significant differences in microhardness values across different root regions within each group. HICA was found to have a significantly lesser reduction in root dentine microhardness which could be a potential alternative to Ca(OH)2. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted to verify the present outcomes in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini T Niranjan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, 577004, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raghavendra Penukonda
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, 42610, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Roopa Babannavar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, 577004, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Jaysheel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, 577004, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshada Pattar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, 42610, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee P, Green L, Marzec B, Meldrum F, Del Galdo F, Alcacer-Pitarch B. Dystrophic calcinosis: structural and morphological composition, and evaluation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ('EDTA') for potential local treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:102. [PMID: 38778407 PMCID: PMC11110335 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc and identify a chemical dissolution of these deposits suitable for clinical use. METHODS Chemical analysis using Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy ('FTIR'), Raman microscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction ('PXRD'), and Transmission Electron Microscopy ('TEM') was undertaken of two distinct types of calcinosis deposits: paste and stone. Calcinosis sample titration with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ('EDTA') assessed the concentration at which the EDTA dissolved the calcinosis deposits in vitro. RESULTS FTIR spectra of the samples displayed peaks characteristic of hydroxyapatite, where signals attributable to the phosphate and carbonate ions were all identified. Polymorph characterization using Raman spectra were identical to a hydroxyapatite reference while the PXRD and electron diffraction patterns conclusively identified the mineral present as hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis showed differences of morphology between the samples. Rounded particles from stone samples were up to a few micron in size, while needle-like crystals from paste samples reached up to 0.5 µm in length. Calcium phosphate deposits were effectively dissolved with 3% aqueous solutions of EDTA, in vitro. Complete dissolution of both types of deposit was achieved in approximately 30 min using a molar ratio of EDTA/HAp of ≈ 300. CONCLUSIONS Stone and paste calcium-based deposits both comprise hydroxyapatite, but the constituent crystals vary in size and morphology. Hydroxyapatite is the only crystalline polymorph present in the SSc-related calcinosis deposits. Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in vitro using a dosage of EDTA considered safe for clinical application. Further research is required to establish the optimal medium to develop the medical product, determine the protocol for clinical application, and to assess the effectiveness of EDTA for local treatment of dystrophic calcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lorraine Green
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Bartosz Marzec
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fiona Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Begonya Alcacer-Pitarch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
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El-Banna A, Elmesellawy MY, Elsayed MA. Flexural strength and microhardness of human radicular dentin sticks after conditioning with different endodontic chelating agents. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:344-348. [PMID: 37398867 PMCID: PMC10309119 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_173_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this in vitro study was to examine the impact of different endodontic chelating agents on the flexural strength and microhardness of root dentin. Materials and Methods Fourty dentin sticks of (1 mm × 1 mm × 12 mm) were obtained from 10 single-rooted premolars and divided into four groups (n = 10). One stick from each tooth was assigned to one of the experimental groups and was soaked in one of the experimental chelating solutions for 5 min 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2.5% phytic acid (PA), 18% etidronic acid, or saline (control group). Following the 5-min soak, the sticks' flexural strength was evaluated using a 3-point loading test using the universal testing machine, and the surface microhardness was tested using a Vickers's microhardness tester. Results PA (2.5%) and etidronic acid (18%) showed no significant detrimental effect on either the flexural strength or the surface microhardness of radicular dentin compared to the control. EDTA (17%) exhibited a significant drop in the flexural strength and microhardness of radicular dentin compared to the other groups. Conclusions PA and etidronic acid chelators do not compromise the surface and bulk mechanical properties of radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maii Y. Elmesellawy
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Endodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Alhussain BS, Alajmi AM, Odeh LGH, Nasr LE, Alotaibi NA, Alqaidi SA. EDTA Vs Citric Acid Decalcifying Solutions: A Systematic Review to Compare the Clinical Efficacy. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/dr5ixlw1hd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muana HL, Nassar M, Dargham A, Hiraishi N, Tagami J. Effect of smear layer removal agents on the microhardness and roughness of radicular dentin. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:661-665. [PMID: 34803316 PMCID: PMC8589586 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of phytic acid (IP6) on the surface roughness and microhardness of human root canal dentin and compare it to other smear layer removal agents. Materials and methods Fifty extracted human maxillary incisors were sectioned longitudinally into a total of 100 specimens followed by embedding in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin. The specimens were polished and then randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the test solution used to condition root canal dentin: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); 10% citric acid (CA); 1% IP6; 37% phosphoric acid (PA); or distilled water (control group). Each specimen was treated with a total volume of 1 ml of each solution for 1 min with agitation. Each group was then divided into two subgroups of 10 specimens each. The specimens of the first subgroup were used to determine microhardness, using Vickers hardness tester, and the specimens of the second subgroup were used to measure surface roughness, using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, α = 0.05. Results All the tested groups exhibited microhardness and surface roughness values that were statistically significantly different when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The microhardness value obtained with IP6 was significantly lower when compared to EDTA, CA, and the control group, whereas its roughness value was significantly higher compared to the aforementioned groups. However, there was no significant difference between IP6 and PA (P > 0.05). Conclusions IP6 and PA showed the lowest microhardness and the highest surface roughness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosea Lalrin Muana
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmad Dargham
- RAK College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Serdar Eymirli P, Eymirli A, Uzunoğlu Özyürek E. The effect of intracanal medication variations on microhardness of simulated immature root dentin. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:616-623. [PMID: 34062622 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different medicaments and irrigation solutions on root dentin microhardness (MH) was evaluated depending on time. After initial measurements, MH of 60 maxillary incisors (n = 15 per group) was measured after 3 steps: irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, exposure to medicaments [triple antibiotic (TAP) or calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes, 1 week or 1 month)] and final irrigation [20 mL of 17% EDTA or 20 mL 1% phytic acid (PA)]. The percentage of MH reduction was calculated. Data were analysed statistically at P < 0.05. Treatments caused a significant decrease in MH values compared to baseline and pre-measurements (P < 0.05). TAP significantly reduced the MH values of the samples over time (P < 0.05). Removal of TAP after 1 month with PA resulted in a significant reduction in MH compared to removing TAP after 1 week and CH removing after 1 month (P < 0.05). Considering the chemical preparation steps, the most hazardous effect on MH was observed after the first irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Serdar Eymirli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Eymirli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoğlu Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculity of Dentisry, Hacettepe University, Altındağ/Ankara, Turkey
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Nikhil V, Jaiswal S, Bansal P, Arora R, Raj S, Malhotra P. Effect of phytic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and chitosan solutions on microhardness of the human radicular dentin. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:179-83. [PMID: 27099428 PMCID: PMC4815550 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.178705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and chitosan solutions on the microhardness of human radicular dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty dentin specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each according to the irrigant used: G1 - 1% phytic acid, G2 - 17% EDTA, and G3 - 0.2% chitosan. A standardized volume of each chelating solution was used for 3 min. Dentin microhardness was measured before and after application at the cervical, middle, and apical levels with a Vickers indenter under a 200-g load and a 10-s dwell time. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test. RESULTS Microhardness of the radicular dentin varied at the cervical, middle, and apical levels. EDTA had the greatest overall effect, causing a sharp percentage reduction in dentin microhardness with a significant difference from phytic acid and chitosan (P = 0.002). However, phytic acid and chitosan differed insignificantly from each other (P = 0.887). CONCLUSION All tested chelating solutions reduced microhardness of the radicular dentin layer at all the levels. However, reduction was least at the apical level. EDTA caused more reduction in dentin microhardness than chitosan while phytic acid reduced the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Nikhil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Jaiswal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalya Raj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkit Malhotra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Evaluation of the smear layer removal and erosive capacity of EDTA, boric acid, citric acid and desy clean solutions: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 26335205 PMCID: PMC4558635 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the smear layer removal and erosive capacity of various irrigation solutions with sequential use of NaOCl on instrumented root canal walls. Methods The root canals of single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instrument. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The root canals were irrigated with one of the following solutions (5 mL/1 min): 5 % EDTA, 5 % boric acid (BA), a mixture of BA and CA, 2.5 % citric acid (CA) and 5 % Desy Clean. After irrigating with 2.5 % NaOCl and distilled water, the roots were split into two halves and each half was prepared for SEM examination. Representative photographs were taken from each third at x500 and x1000 magnifications. Double blind scoring was performed by two calibrated observers for smear layer and erosion. The scores were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post hoc and Spearman’s correlation tests (p = 0.05). Results There were statistically significant differences among the solutions by means of smear layer and erosion (p < 0.05). While 2.5 % CA solution was the most effective solution in removal of smear layer, it was also the most erosive solution (p < 0.05). 5 % Desy Clean removed smear layer effectively and caused less erosion. There was a negative, but statistically significant correlation between presence of smear layer and erosion (r = −0.684; p < 0.0001). Conclusion Desy Clean can be a promising agent as an irrigation solution with optimal smear layer removal capacity and less erosive effects.
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Yilmaz S, Dumani A, Yoldas O. The effect of antibiotic pastes on microhardness of dentin. Dent Traumatol 2015; 32:27-31. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehnaz Yilmaz
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova University; Adana Turkey
| | - Aysin Dumani
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova University; Adana Turkey
| | - Oguz Yoldas
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova University; Adana Turkey
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Kato A, Ziegler A, Higuchi N, Nakata K, Nakamura H, Ohno N. Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics. Int Endod J 2014; 47:1012-33. [PMID: 24483229 PMCID: PMC4258081 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The C-shaped root canal constitutes an unusual root morphology that can be found primarily in mandibular second permanent molars. Due to the complexity of their structure, C-shaped root canal systems may complicate endodontic interventions. A thorough understanding of root canal morphology is therefore imperative for proper diagnosis and successful treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding C-shaped roots and root canals, from basic morphology to advanced endodontic procedures. To this end, a systematic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PLoS and BioMed Central databases, and many rarely cited articles were included. Furthermore, four interactive 3D models of extracted teeth are introduced that will allow for a better understanding of the complex C-shaped root canal morphology. In addition, the present publication includes an embedded best-practice video showing an exemplary root canal procedure on a tooth with a pronounced C-shaped root canal. The survey of this unusual structure concludes with a number of suggestions concerning future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kato
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan
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Hülsmann M. Effects of mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation on the root canal dentin and surrounding tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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