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Lopes ABS, R Lima A, D Bronzato J, Herrera DR, Francisco PA, Carvalho MCC, Abuna G, Sinhoreti M, Gomes BPFA. Influence of different presentation forms of chlorhexidine on contaminated root canals during agitation. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38803063 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to verify the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) (gel and solution) in association with different activation protocols on disinfection of root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. In total, 120 lower premolar roots were selected, contaminated and divided into 12 groups according to irrigation technique and substance. Samples were collected before and after each irrigation technique and analysed for colony-forming units (CFU). Three dentin discs were obtained for quantification of viable intratubular cells by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). CFU results showed that sonic and ultrasonic were more effective than conventional irrigation. Ultrasonic activation was more effective than sonic for CHX gel (p < 0.05). CLSM showed that either activation was better than conventional in all groups and root canal thirds (p < 0.05). It was concluded that ultrasonic/sonic activation was more effective than conventional techniques and CHX enhanced intratubular dentin decontamination across all irrigation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B S Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Augusto R Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Herrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Federal Fuminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Francisco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry - Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mario Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry - Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Rashidiani M, Zahedi E, Zare K, Seif A. Theoretical investigation on the mechanism and kinetics of the OH •‒initiated atmospheric degradation of p-chloroaniline: Addition of ∑ g-3O 2 and isomerization of peroxy radicals. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108651. [PMID: 37865033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation of the p-chloroaniline-OH• adduct [C6H4ClNH2-OH]• (AD-C2) by ∑g-3O2 and internal isomerization processes of peroxy radical [C6H4ClNH2-OH]•-O2 are theoretically investigated at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ and CBS-QB3//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theories. Potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the most efficient pathways indicated that the oxidation process begins via the complexation of individual reactants in syn mode forming PRCy-iOO-syn (y = 2,5) in an exothermic and endogenic step. The syn mode addition is favored over the anti one due to the formation of internal hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl and peroxy groups. Formation of new C5-OO bond in PRCy-iOO-syn complex is an unimolecular process which is exothermic and exoergic. This pathway is predominated over other internal conversions due to the presence of stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond. Cyclization of the produced [C6H4ClNH2-OH]•-O2 peroxy radical AD-C2-5OO-syn into the bicyclic peroxy radical AD-C2-5,6OO-syn is the last step which is strongly endothermic and endogenic. The rate coefficients are calculated by means of the RRKM theory over the temperature range 250-350 K and at a pressure range of 0.1 bar to the high-pressure limit. The RRKM rate coefficients at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level for the first bimolecular and last unimolecular steps are in order of 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and 10-7 s-1, respectively, while the obtained rate coefficients at the CBS-QB3//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ are overestimated about two order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rashidiani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry, Herbal Medicines Raw Materials Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Seif
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sy K, Chevalier C, Maton M, Mokbel I, Mahieux S, Houcke I, Neut C, Grosgogeat B, Deveaux E, Gritsch K, Agossa K. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium Hydroxide-Based Intracanal Medications in Endo-Periodontal Lesions: An Ex Vivo and In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 37760713 PMCID: PMC10525524 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endo-periodontal lesions are challenging clinical situations where both the supporting tissues and the root canal of the same tooth are infected. In the present study, chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes were used as intracanal medications (ICMs). They were prepared and tested on pathogens found in both the root canal and the periodontal pocket. Exposure to 0.5% and 1% CHX-loaded ICMs decreased the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and was effective in eradicating or inhibiting an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. CH was injected into the root canal of extracted human teeth immersed in deionized water. CHX-loaded ICMs resulted in the transradicular diffusion of active components outside the tooth through the apex and the lateral dentinal tubules, as shown by the release of CHX (from 3.99 µg/mL to 51.28 µg/mL) and changes in pH (from 6.63 to 8.18) and calcium concentrations (from 2.42 ppm to 14.67 ppm) after 7 days. The 0.5% CHX-loaded ICM was non-toxic and reduced the release of IL-6 by periodontal cells stimulated by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides. Results indicate that the root canal may serve as a reservoir for periodontal drug delivery and that CHX-based ICMs can be an adjuvant for the control of infections and inflammation in endo-periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiatou Sy
- U1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (E.D.); (K.A.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle d′Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; (B.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- UMR CNRS 5615 Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Mickaël Maton
- U1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (E.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Ilham Mokbel
- UMR CNRS 5615 Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Séverine Mahieux
- U1286 Infinite, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (S.M.); (I.H.); (C.N.)
| | - Isabelle Houcke
- U1286 Infinite, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (S.M.); (I.H.); (C.N.)
| | - Christel Neut
- U1286 Infinite, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (S.M.); (I.H.); (C.N.)
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle d′Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; (B.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Etienne Deveaux
- U1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (E.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle d′Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; (B.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- U1008, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Inserm, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (E.D.); (K.A.)
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Rashidiani M, Zahedi E, Zare K, Seif A. Theoretical investigation on the mechanism and kinetics of the OH•‒initiated atmospheric degradation of p-chloroaniline via OH•‒addition and hydrogen abstraction pathways. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Eren SK, Örs SA, Aksel H, Canay Ş, Karasan D. Effect of irrigants on the color stability, solubility, and surface characteristics of calcium-silicate based cements. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e10. [PMID: 35284325 PMCID: PMC8891465 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Küçükkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Askerbeyli Örs
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Şenay Canay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Karasan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire (CUMD), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Karthikeyan K, Chandran K, Sujatha V, Mahalaxmi S. Antibacterial evaluation of guava leaves extract and its effect on reactive oxygen species formed by calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine mixture. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:389-392. [PMID: 35282576 PMCID: PMC8896133 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_183_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed when mixing calcium hydroxide (CH) with chlorhexidine (CHX). Aim: To analyze the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous (AGL) and ethanolic (EGL) extracts of Psidium guajava leaves against root canal bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis, to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extracts and its ability to counteract the ROS. Materials and Methods: Three different concentrations (10%, 25%, and 35%) of AGL and EGL were prepared. The antibacterial efficacy was analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The different concentrations of both AGL and EGL were evaluated for their antioxidant property using ultraviolet spectrometer. Further, the ability of these extracts on neutralizing the ROS formation was analyzed using mass spectrometer. Results: CH and CHX mixture exhibited maximum antibacterial activity followed by the same mixture with 35% EGL. EGL showed greater antioxidant activity than AGL extract at all concentrations. Conclusions: The addition of natural antioxidants like guava leaves extract decreases ROS formed by CH and CHX mixture.
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Zieniewska I, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249684. [PMID: 33353105 PMCID: PMC7767252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a redox homeostasis disorder that results in oxidation of cell components and thus disturbs cell metabolism. OS is induced by numerous internal as well as external factors. According to recent studies, dental treatment may also be one of them. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of dental treatment on the redox balance of the oral cavity. We reviewed literature available in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, including the results from 2010 to 2020. Publications were searched according to the keywords: oxidative stress and dental monomers; oxidative stress and amalgam; oxidative stress and periodontitis, oxidative stress and braces, oxidative stress and titanium; oxidative stress and dental implants, oxidative stress and endodontics treatment, oxidative stress and dental treatment; and oxidative stress and dental composite. It was found that dental treatment with the use of composites, amalgams, glass-ionomers, materials for root canal filling/rinsing, orthodontic braces (made of various metal alloys), titanium implants, or whitening agents can disturb oral redox homeostasis by affecting the antioxidant barrier and increasing oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA. Abnormal saliva secretion/composition was also observed in dental patients in the course of OS. It is suggested that the addition of antioxidants to dental materials or antioxidant therapy applied during dental treatment could protect the patient against harmful effects of OS in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zieniewska
- Doctoral Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
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Khatib MS, Ameer B, Ajit Mannur N, Ramalingaiahsetty AM, Peerzade SM, Bambawale A. Decoding the Perplexing Mystery of Para-Chloroaniline Formation: A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:142-147. [PMID: 32670901 PMCID: PMC7340001 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_488_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this article was to understand and decode the mystery of the formation of para-chloroaniline (PCA). The ingredient of the brown precipitate after mixing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is still in debate. Materials and Methods Various studies adopt a different methodology to substantiate that it may contain PCA, which is a carcinogenic agent. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between PCA and brown precipitate. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies were manually searched. There was no disagreement between the two reviewers. This review was reported and conducted in step with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results Of 233 articles, only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Available scientific evidence was more supportive that the brown precipitate form after mixing NaOCl and CHX may form para-chloroamide moiety rather than free PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of CHX degradation. Conclusion On the basis of the current evidence and data extracted from the various databases, it can be concluded that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine does not form PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of high concentrated chlorhexidine. Further studies are required to substantiate the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sibghatullah Khatib
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Bilal Ameer
- SJM Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, India
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Arslan H, Karataş E, Keskin A. Response to the letter: 'Comments on misinterpretation of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data of a previous study' by Orhan&Irmak. Int Endod J 2020; 53:285-286. [PMID: 31917483 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - E Karataş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Keskin
- Eti Krom Research&Development Center, Elazığ, Turkey
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Costa CRR, Amorim BR, Silva SMMD, Acevedo AC, Magalhães PDO, Guerra ENS. In vitro evaluation of Eugenia dysenterica in primary culture of human gingival fibroblast cells. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e035. [PMID: 31038569 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenia dysenterica is a Brazilian tree investigated for its properties and bioactive compounds, which are believed to have both pharmacological and phytochemical therapeutic effects. The leaves of this tree contain tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, and saponins, with reportedly beneficial effects to the human body. Despite these therapeutic applications, its effects have never been tested on oral tissues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory and repair properties of the acetone fraction of E. dysenterica on primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts and on the immortalized murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). For this purpose, a metabolic activity assay, a wound healing assay, a nitric oxide assay, and RT-qPCR were performed. The assays revealed a cytoprotective effect of this plant, suggested by the increase in the expression of SOD1 and NRF2. An antioxidant potential effect was observed in the DPPH• assay. However, the fraction of E. dysenterica did not show anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, Eugenia dysenterica may promote cytoprotection when associated with chlorhexidine digluconate because of its antioxidant effect. However, additional studies are necessary on other human dental tissues using other parts of the plant in order to develop a possible mouthwash to assist patients with oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Rabelo Amorim
- Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Natural Products, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Anna H, Barnabás P, Zsolt L, Romána Z. Tracking of the degradation process of chlorhexidine digluconate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the presence of hyper-pure chlorine dioxide in endodontic disinfection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:360-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Santos Soares SMC, Brito-Júnior M, de Souza FK, Zastrow EV, Cunha COD, Silveira FF, Nunes E, César CAS, Glória JCR, Soares JA. Management of Cyst-like Periapical Lesions by Orthograde Decompression and Long-term Calcium Hydroxide/Chlorhexidine Intracanal Dressing: A Case Series. J Endod 2017; 42:1135-41. [PMID: 27325458 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyst-like periapical lesions should be treated initially with conservative nonsurgical procedures. In this case series, we describe the clinical and radiographic outcomes of large cyst-like lesions that were treated by orthograde decompression and long-term intracanal use of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] mixed with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Ten cases of cyst-like periapical lesions involving 15 teeth from 10 patients were selected. Maximal radiographic diameters of the lesions ranged from 11 to 28 mm. Nonsurgical procedures were performed, including apical patency, orthograde puncture of cyst-like exudates, chemomechanical preparation, and placement of intracanal Ca(OH)2/CHX dressings, which were periodically replaced during 6-10 months. The root canals were then filled with gutta-percha and sealer. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 24 months, and the outcome was classified as healed, healing, or failure. Nine lesions drained copious exudates after canal patency. One lesion only drained bloody serous exudate after periapical overinstrumentation. In 9 patients, intracanal exudation ceased in the first follow-up visit. At the 24-month follow-up, 6 lesions (60.0%) had healed, and 3 lesions (30.0%) were healing, with the corresponding patients being without clinical signs or symptoms. The case of treatment failure was submitted to surgical treatment. Microscopically, the lesion appeared to be an apical cyst with exuberant extraradicular bacterial biofilms attached to the sectioned root apex. This case series supports the use of nonsurgical methods to resolve larger cyst-like periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoel Brito-Júnior
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Kelly de Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Von Zastrow
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Oliveira da Cunha
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frank Ferreira Silveira
- Department of Dentistry, Pontificial Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nunes
- Department of Dentistry, Pontificial Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Santos César
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Cristiano Ramos Glória
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janir Alves Soares
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Waleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Escamilla-García E, Alcázar-Pizaña AG, Segoviano-Ramírez JC, Del Angel-Mosqueda C, López-Lozano AP, Cárdenas-Estrada E, De La Garza-Ramos MA, Medina-De La Garza CE, Márquez M. Antimicrobial Activity of a Cationic Guanidine Compound against Two Pathogenic Oral Bacteria. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5924717. [PMID: 28546811 PMCID: PMC5435906 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5924717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential antimicrobial properties of a polyguanidine (CatDex) on two oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate 1340 μmoL L-1 (CHX 0.12%) was used as control. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) were grown in BHI media. Bacterial sensitivity and antimicrobial activity were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Kirby-Bauer methods. To study side effects, that is, toxicity, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were used. Fluorometric cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy assays were used in order to test cell viability. CatDex inhibited growth of S. mutans at all concentrations and growth of P. gingivalis at all concentrations except 25 μmoL L-1. The MIC of CatDex was 50 μmoL L-1 for both S. mutans and P. gingivalis. The inhibition of bacteria exposed for 8 h at 50 μmoL L-1 of CatDex exhibited increased antimicrobial activity over time, with 91% inhibition in both bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of CatDex and CHX were similar when tested on two common bacteria. CatDex was significantly less toxic to DPSCs. CatDex toxicity depended on time and not on concentration. With regard to clinical relevance, CatDex may have potential as a novel antimicrobial agent. Further studies are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Escamilla-García
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - A. G. Alcázar-Pizaña
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - J. C. Segoviano-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - C. Del Angel-Mosqueda
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - A. P. López-Lozano
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - E. Cárdenas-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - M. A. De La Garza-Ramos
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - C. E. Medina-De La Garza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Gonzalitos s/n con Ave. Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - M. Márquez
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, CCK, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Zancan RF, Vivan RR, Milanda Lopes MR, Weckwerth PH, de Andrade FB, Ponce JB, Duarte MAH. Antimicrobial Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Used as Intracanal Medication. J Endod 2016; 42:1822-1828. [PMID: 27776884 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pH, calcium release, solubility, and antimicrobial action against biofilms of calcium hydroxide + saline solution, Calen (SS White Artigos Dentários Ltd, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) (CH/P), Calen camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) (CH/CMPC), and calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine (CH/CHX) pastes. METHODS The pH of the pastes was determined with a calibrated pH meter placed in direct contact with each paste. The root canals of acrylic teeth (N = 10) were filled with the previously mentioned intracanal dressings and immersed in ultrapure water to measure hydroxyl (pH meter) and calcium ion release (atomic absorption spectrophotometer) at time intervals of 3, 7, 15, and 30 days. To assess solubility, the root canals of acrylic teeth (N = 10) were filled with the previously mentioned pastes and scanned by micro-computed tomographic imaging before (initial) and after 7, 15, and 30 days of immersion in ultrapure water. The solubility of each specimen was the difference between the initial and final volume scanning. For antimicrobial analysis, monospecies and dual-species biofilms were in vitro induced on dentin blocks (N = 20). Afterward, they were treated with the pastes for 7 days. Live/dead dye and a confocal microscope were used to measure the percentage of living cells. Data were statistically compared (P < .05). RESULTS The highest OH- ion release values were found in 3 and 30 days. Ca2+ releases were greater in CH/CMCP. CH/P and CH/CMCP showed a higher percentage of volume loss values. CH/CHX presented the greatest antimicrobial action. CONCLUSIONS CH/P and CH/CMPC showed higher solubility values in the period analyzed. Seven days of contact may be insufficient for calcium hydroxide + saline solution, CH/P, and CH/CMCP pastes to kill bacterial cells in the biofilms studied. Chlorhexidine added to CH favored greater effectiveness against the previously mentioned bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Fernandes Zancan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Weckwerth
- Pro-Rectory of Research and Graduate Studies, University of Sagrado Coração, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Burgos Ponce
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Gonçalves AR, do Nascimento HL, Duarte GHB, Simas RC, de Jesus Soares A, Eberlin MN, Marques LA. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Determination of p-Chloroaniline in Gel and Aqueous Chlorhexidine Products Used in Dentistry. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Yao L, Yan F, Su B. Highly ordered surfactant micelles function as the extraction matrix for direct electrochemical detection of halonitrobenzenes at the ppb level. Analyst 2016; 141:2303-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection of halonitrobenzenes in complex samples like soil dispersion was accomplished using surfactant micelles as the extraction matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yao
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310012
- China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310012
- China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310012
- China
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18
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Pires CW, Botton G, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Azzolin VF, da Cruz IBM, Sagrillo MR, Praetzel JR. Induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity by root filling pastes used in primary teeth. Int Endod J 2015; 49:737-45. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - G. Botton
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - F. C. Cadoná
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - A. K. Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - V. F. Azzolin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - I. B. M. da Cruz
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - M. R. Sagrillo
- Biomedicine Course; Franciscan University Center (UNIFRA); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - J. R. Praetzel
- Department of Stomatology; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
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19
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Antoniazzi BF, Pires CW, Bresolin CR, Weiss RN, Praetzel JR. Antimicrobial activity of different filling pastes for deciduous tooth treatment. Braz Oral Res 2014; 29:1-6. [PMID: 25466327 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Guedes-Pinto paste is the filling material most employed in Brazil for endodontic treatment of deciduous teeth; however, the Rifocort® ointment has been removed. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of filling pastes, by proposing three new pharmacological associations to replace Rifocort® ointment with drugs of already established antimicrobial power: Nebacetin® ointment, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate gel, and Maxitrol® ointment. A paste composed of Iodoform, Rifocort® ointment and Camphorated Paramonochlorophenol (CPC) was employed as the gold standard (G1). The other associations were: Iodoform, Nebacetin® ointment and CPC (G2); Iodoform, 2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate gel and CPC (G3); Iodoform, Maxitrol® ointment and CPC (G4). The associations were tested for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), using the methods of dilution on solid medium - orifice agar - and broth dilution. The results were tested using statistical analysis ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. They showed that all the pastes had a bacteriostatic effect on all the microorganisms, without any statistically significant difference, compared with G1. S. aureus was statistically significant (multiple comparison test of Tukey), insofar as G2 and G3 presented the worst and the best performance, respectively. All associations were bactericidal for E. coli, S. aureus, S. mutans and S. oralis. Only G3 and G4 were bactericidal for E. faecalis, whereas no product was bactericidal for B. subtilis. Thus, the tested pastes have antimicrobial potential and have proved acceptable for endodontic treatment of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Feltrin Antoniazzi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Weber Pires
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmela Rampazzo Bresolin
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rita Niederauer Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Praetzel
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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20
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Estrela C, Sousa-Neto MD, Alves DRS, Alencar AHG, Santos TO, Pécora JD. A preliminary study of the antibacterial potential of cetylpyridinium chloride in root canals infected by E. faecalis. Braz Dent J 2014; 23:645-53. [PMID: 23338255 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study was to verify the antibacterial potential of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis. Forty human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. The teeth were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1: Root canal preparation (RCP) + 0.1% CPC with positive-pressure irrigation (PPI, Conventional, NaviTip(®)); 2: RCP + 0.2% CPC PPI; 3: RCP + 2.5% NaOCl PPI; 4: RCP + 2.5% NaOCl with negative-pressure irrigation system (NPI, EndoVac(®)); 5: Positive control; and 6: Negative control. Four teeth of each experimental group were evaluated by culture and 4 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In all teeth, the root canals were dried and filled with 17% EDTA (pH 7.2) for 3 min for smear layer removal. Samples from the infected root canals were collected and immersed in 7 mL of Letheen Broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was analyzed by turbidity of culture medium and then observed with a UV spectrophotometer. The irrigating solutions were further evaluated for antimicrobial effect by an agar diffusion test.The statistical data were treated by means, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance. Significance level was set at 5%. The results showed the presence of E. faecalis after root canal sanitization. The number of bacteria decreased after the use of CPC. In the agar diffusion test, CPC induced large microbial inhibition zones, similar to 2% chlorhexidine and large than 2.5% NaOCl. In conclusion, cetylpyridinium chloride showed antibacterial potential in endodontic infection with E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Dental School, UFG - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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