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Karia HM, Vaghela I, Dhanesha A, Mrugnayani, Solanki P, Rathwa R. Microscopic Evaluation of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Different Hand and Nickel-Titanium Files; An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S711-S713. [PMID: 38595627 PMCID: PMC11000995 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_960_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective endodontic instrumentation aims to remove microorganisms, debris, and tissue from the root canal while maintaining dentinal integrity. This study compares dentinal defect incidence following canal preparation with different hand files, nickel-titanium rotary files, and reciprocating files. Materials and Methods Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars with mature apices were collected. Four groups (n = 20) were established based on canal patency establishment, canal preparation technique, irrigation solution, and final irrigation. After root sectioning at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex, slices were examined under a stereomicroscope, and dentinal defects were recorded. A second examiner reviewed the images. Results The results showed significant difference of P = 0.031 among Hand files vs. Rotary ProTaper files: In Hand files vs. Reciprocating WaveOne files significant difference was P = 0.048, and for rotary ProTaper files vs. Reciprocating WaveOne files: No significant difference (P = 0.643). Dentinal defect counts were similar at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. Statistically significant variation was observed between hand files and rotary files, as well as hand files and reciprocating files. Conclusion Both rotary and reciprocating files showed a statistically significant increase in dentinal defect incidence compared to hand files. However, clinical implications should be considered cautiously. Instrumentation technique selection should be based on clinical context, operator experience, and patient factors. Further clinical studies are needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Milap Karia
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, R.R. Dental College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ishita Vaghela
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, GDCH, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Archan Dhanesha
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, AIIMS, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mrugnayani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranav Solanki
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Piplaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Rangesing Rathwa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, GDCH, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Kurt Ö, Zengin T, Üstün Y. Comparison of the effect of different glide path files on amount of apically extruded debris in curved root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:359-365. [PMID: 36946545 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to create a glide path before root canal preparation with nickel-titanium rotary files to avoid file breakage and preserve the original canal structure. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris after using different glide path files. A total of 96 first mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 16) which are K-files, Proglider, R-Pilot, TruNatomy Glider, WaveOne Gold Glider and group without a glide path. Apically extruded debris was measured after glide path and canal preparation. The highest amount of debris was found in the control group without a glide path and using a glide path file caused less debris and significant differences were observed between R-Pilot, TruNatomy Glider, ProGlider, WaveOne Gold Glider and K-file groups. It may be recommended to create a glide path before root canal shaping to reduce the amount of extrusion debris from the apical. Especially in curved and narrow root canals, it is recommended to use an R-Pilot file before root canal shaping in order to reduce the amount of apically extruded debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kurt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Talip Zengin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Yakup Üstün
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Batra R, Dixit A, Tiwari A, Kumar A, Sinha S, Badnaware S, Singh R. Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Defects After Root Canal Preparation Using Various Nickel Titanium Files: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38829. [PMID: 37303406 PMCID: PMC10252150 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study set out to compare the damage done to dentin by three distinct titanium file brands - the Hyflex EDM, the ProTaper Next, and the Waveone Gold Nickel - in order to draw conclusions about which one is the most effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-first premolars in the mandible with straight canals and single roots were instrumented using Hyflex EDM, Waveone Gold, and Protaper Next. Dentinal flaws after endodontic treatment were studied by sectioning specimens using a hard tissue microtome and analyzing them under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS There was no discernible variation between the groups in the coronal third (p=0.312) or apical third (p=0.076). Hyflex EDM and Protaper Next differed significantly in the middle portion of the tape (p=0.016). The Hyflex EDM sample had the fewest cracks. There was no statistically significant difference between Hyflex EDM and Waveone Gold; however, Hyflex EDM had fewer fractures in the middle third of the sample than Waveone Gold did. CONCLUSION Electric discharge machining (EDM) files made from Hyflex proved to be far superior to their Protaper Next and Waveone Gold counterparts as they induced the fewest cracks in the middle third of the root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Batra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, IND
| | - Ankita Dixit
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Anushree Tiwari
- Clinical Quality and Value, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Shagun Sinha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, IND
| | - Sheetal Badnaware
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Varanasi, IND
| | - Ramanpal Singh
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Chhattisgarh, IND
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Haupt F, Dullin C, Krebs M, Hettwer-Steeger I, Kanzow P, Rödig T. Micro-CT evaluation of frozen and embalmed human cadavers on the effect of root canal preparation on microcrack formation in old dentin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281124. [PMID: 36716302 PMCID: PMC9886256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of preoperative dentinal defects among differently preserved dentoalveolar bone-blocks (frozen vs. embalmed) and to investigate the effect of varying apical forces (low: <4 N, high: 4-8 N) during root canal preparation on microcrack formation using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Thirteen embalmed and seven frozen bone-blocks containing 1-3 single rooted teeth were collected. The teeth were evenly divided into three groups (n = 10): FLow (frozen, <4 N), ELow (embalmed, <4 N), EHigh (embalmed, 4-8 N). After working length determination all specimens were scanned preoperatively. Root canal preparation was performed using nickel-titanium instruments sizes 25/.06 and 40/.06 (F6 SkyTaper; Komet, Lemgo, Germany). A postoperative scan was performed and image stacks were co-registered. All cross-sectional images were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. The results were expressed as the percentage of teeth/slices presenting dentinal defects. The statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal-Wallis-Test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test (α = 5%). Embalmed specimens presented a significantly higher percentage of slices with preoperative microcracks (p<0.05) than frozen specimens. No significant difference between groups was observed regarding the induction of microcracks (p>0.05). Root canal preparation does not induce microcracks in dentoalveolar bone-blocks from donors of old age, irrespective of the preservation method and the apically directed forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Haupt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krebs
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Rödig
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Mustafa M, Attur K, Bagda KK, Singh S, Oak A, Kathiria N. An Appraisal on Newer Endodontic File Systems: A Narrative Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:944-952. [PMID: 37283003 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This narrative review aims to explore and elicit the newer endodontic file systems used for root canal treatments. BACKGROUND The primary goals of endodontic therapy continue to be the mechanical enlargement and shaping of the intricate endodontic root canal systems to aid in disinfection. Nowadays endodontists have access to a wide range of endodontic file systems for root canal preparations with various design characteristics and benefits. REVIEW RESULTS ProTaper Ultimate (PTU) files' tip have a triangular convex cross-section, an offset mass of rotating design, a maximum flute diameter of 1.0 mm, and are constructed of gold wire, hence, commonly applied in conditions with restricted accessibility or an extremely curved canal. TruNatomyhas advantages over other cutting-edge file systems like maximum flute diameter of the corona, reduced distance between active cutting flutes, and shorter handles in comparison to SX instruments. In comparison to PTU files, ProTaper Gold (PTG) files are noticeably more elastic and fatigue-resistant. Compared to files in the F1-F3 range, size S1 and S2 files have a significantly longer fatigue life. MicroMega One RECI is more resistant to cyclic fatigue because of its heat treatment and reciprocating action and the C-wire heat treatment of the former gives it flexibility and controlled memory, enabling the prebending of the file. The RECIPROC blue demonstrated enhanced flexibility, increased fatigue resistance, and lower microhardness while maintaining the same surface qualities. CONCLUSION As per the necessity and requirement on case to case basis, every endodontic file system has advantages and disadvantages as mentioned in this narrative review. According to the need, an endodontist can select the file system which is required specifically. Although several studies are comparing these various systems in the literature, this narrative review aims to give the clinician a summary of some recently launched endodontic rotary file systems available in the market and their clinical uses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As per the priority and need of the case, whether removal and extrusion of debris, reduction of micro-organisms, keeping canal anatomy, and cutting efficiency, a specific required file system can be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9987697896; e-mail:
| | - Kailash Attur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Bagda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anjali Oak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishtha Kathiria
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Barbosa AFA, de Lima CO, Sarmento EB, Gonçalves da Cunha G, Sassone LM, Lopes RT, da Silva EJNL. Impact of minimally invasive endodontics procedures on the development of dentinal microcracks. J Endod 2022; 48:1146-1151. [PMID: 35697303 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the impact of root canal preparation in teeth with ultraconservative access cavities (UltraAC) on the development of dentinal microcracks using a non-destructive longitudinal micro-CT imaging experimental model. Root canal preparation in teeth with traditional access cavities (TradAC) was used as control. METHODS Forty mandibular molars were scanned in a micro-CT device, anatomically matched, and distributed into 4 groups according to the type of access cavity and instrumentation system: traditional/Reciproc (TradAC/RC); traditional/XP-endo Shaper (TradAC/XP); ultraconservative/Reciproc (UltraAC/RC) and ultraconservative/XP-endo Shaper (UltraAC/XP). After root canal preparation, the teeth were rescanned. After reconstruction and co-registration procedures, the images were screened from the furcation level to the apex to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks. RESULTS From a total of 15340 cross-section images, 19.65% (3014 slices) had some dentinal microcrack. The qualitative analysis demonstrated the presence of some dentinal microcrack in 11%, 33%, 19%, and 15% of the images of cross-sections in TradAC/RC, TradAC/XP, UltraAC/RC, and UltraAC/XP groups, respectively. All dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation were already present in the corresponding images before canal instrumentation. Therefore, no new microcracks were detected, regardless of the access cavity and root canal instrumentation system. CONCLUSIONS Root canal preparation with Reciproc or XP-Endo Shaper under traditional or ultraconservative access cavities did not create dentinal microcracks in extracted mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Estéfano Borgo Sarmento
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departament of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Patel S, Bhuva B, Bose R. Vertical root fractures in root treated teeth-current status and future trends. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:804-826. [PMID: 35338655 PMCID: PMC9324143 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a common reason for the extraction of root filled teeth. The accurate diagnosis of VRF may be challenging due to the absence of clinical signs, whilst conventional radiographic assessment is often inconclusive. However, an understanding of the aetiology of VRFs, and more importantly, the key predisposing factors, is crucial in identifying teeth that may be susceptible. Thorough clinical examination with magnification and co-axial lighting is essential in identifying VRFs, and although CBCT is unable to reliably detect VRFs per se, the pattern of bone loss typically associated with VRF can be fully appreciated, and therefore, increases the probability of correct diagnosis and management. The prevalence of VRFs in root filled teeth is significantly greater than in teeth with vital pulps, demonstrating that the combination of loss of structural integrity, presence of pre-existing fractures and biochemical effects of loss of vitality, are highly relevant. Careful assessment of the occlusal scheme, presence of deflective contacts and identification of parafunctional habits is imperative in both preventing and managing VRFs. Furthermore, anatomical factors such as root canal morphology, may predispose certain teeth to VRF. The influence of access cavity design and root canal instrumentation protocols should be considered although the impact of these on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth is not clearly validated. The post-endodontic restoration of root filled teeth should be expedient and considerate to the residual tooth structure. Posts should be placed 'passively' and excessive 'post-space' preparation should be avoided. This narrative review aims to present the aetiology, potential predisposing factors, histopathology, diagnosis and management of VRF and present perspectives for future research. Currently, there are limited options other than extraction for the management of VRF, although root resection may be considered in multi-rooted teeth. Innovative techniques to 'repair' VRFs using both orthograde and surgical approaches require further research and validation. The prevention of VRFs is critical; identifying susceptible teeth, utilizing conservative endodontic procedures, together with expedient and appropriate post-endodontic restorative procedures is paramount to reducing the incidence of terminal VRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Patel
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.,Specialist Practice, London, UK
| | - Bhavin Bhuva
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Raul Bose
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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Arias A, Peters OA. Present Status and Future Directions - Canal Shaping. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:637-655. [PMID: 35118683 PMCID: PMC9303733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review will focus on the evolution, present and future of engine‐driven root canal preparation. Root canal preparation changed drastically when Walia in 1988 introduced the use of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloys in Endodontics. In 2013, five generations of NiTi endodontic instruments had been established based on their metallurgical, mechanical properties and design features. Since then, manufacturers have been introducing further major changes in instrument design and characteristics that have not been translated in new recognized generations of instruments. In general, those changes have demonstrated enhanced instrument properties, but it is not clear yet if all those improvements are directly translated to an improvement in clinical success. This narrative review attempts to address the present status of engine‐driven instruments in terms of both evidence from laboratory‐based studies and clinical data, to identify potential further generations of instruments, and last to anticipate future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Bhargava K, Newase P, Paunikar M, Bhawalkar A, Kumar T, Sarode G. Comparative evaluation of the effect of hand file, different nickel-titanium retreatment files, and self-adjusting file system on the incidence of dentinal microcrack formation during the removal of root canal filling material: An in vitro stereomicroscopic study. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_328_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Nassar S, Shetty H, S. Nair P, Gowri S, Jayaprakash K. Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated bicuspids instrumented with hand files, trunatomy, protaper next, protaper gold, and waveone – An In vitro study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S600-S604. [PMID: 36110709 PMCID: PMC9469274 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_739_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated bicuspids instrumented with Hand Files, TruNatomy (TRN), ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and WaveOne (WO). Materials and Methods: In total, 45 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 15 mm long. The samples were divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 9): instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) Hand Files (control group), instrumentation with TRN files, instrumentation with PTN files, instrumentation with PTG files, and instrumentation with WO files. The samples were obturated by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer. A vertical load was applied to the tooth using the universal testing machine (Tecsol-TSI-BDS-2Kn-Sr No. 170710) for the fracture resistance test. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The study reported that teeth instrumented with NiTi hand files exhibited the highest fracture resistance when compared to all the rotary and reciprocating file systems. Among rotary and reciprocating instruments, root prepared with TRN files showed the most significant resistance to fracture compared with PTN, PTG, and WO files. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that minimally invasive instrumentation of the system preserves more pericervical dentin, which may increase the resistance to fracture. Results of this study and other studies support the use of minimally tapered instruments to improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
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Yüksel BN, Öncü A, Çelİkten B, Bİlecenoğlu B, Orhan AI, Orhan K. Micro-CT evaluation of 'danger zone' and microcrack formation in mesial root canals of primary teeth with single-file rotary and reciprocating systems. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:109-115. [PMID: 34022087 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although single-file rotary systems are accepted in the field of paediatric dentistry in terms of providing time advantage, research works continue due to the variable anatomical structure of the root canal. AIM This study aimed to evaluate rotary systems in different kinematics in terms of microcracks and the shaping of the danger zone in primary molars by micro-CT. DESIGN The mesial canals of primary molars (n = 30) were used. Root canals in each group (n = 10) were prepared with single-file rotary systems (One Shape®, OS; XP-endo® Shaper, XP-ES; WaveOne Gold, WOG). The images were evaluated for dentin thickness in the danger zone and microcrack formation. RESULTS WOG caused the highest dentin reduction in the danger zone area. OS led to significantly less dentin reduction than XP-ES and WOG (P < .05). The XP-ES showed the highest number of microcracks (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was found between WOG and OS (P > .05). In all systems, more microcracks were observed in the middle third than coronal and apical. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the rotary systems were superior to reciprocating in terms of shaping ability in the danger zone. It is thought that further studies with different systems should be designed considering the anatomical variations and chemical composition of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Nihan Yüksel
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Öncü
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Çelİkten
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Bİlecenoğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Işıl Orhan
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Turkey.,Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bijari S, Saberi E, Dinarvand R. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the effect of different root-end resection methods in the crack formation in root canals filled with mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium-enriched mixture cement. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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13
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The Influence of Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted Files on Dentine Crack Formation. MACHINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/machines9120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Root canal preparation constitutes an important factor for success in endodontics. However, various complications may occur during this stage. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of cracks within radicular dentin after instrumentation with ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Twisted Files (TF), which utilize different kinematics. (2) Methods: Eighty single-rooted teeth were classified into four groups (n = 20). Three groups were instrumented using PTN (X1, X2), WOG (Primary), and TF (SM1–3). The non-instrumented group constituted the control group. Post-preparation, the roots were sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a low-speed saw (Southbay Technology Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA). The specimens were viewed through a microscope at x25 magnification (Leica M320, Wetzlar, Germany), and their surface was assessed tactilely to determine the presence of the crack. (3) Results: Partial cracks within radicular dentine were observed in all study groups (PTN: n = 4/20%, WOG: n = 3/15%, TF: n = 4/20%); no cracks were observed in the control group. No significant differences were observed among experimental groups. OR values for the incidence of cracks were: OR = 11.182 for PTN, OR = 8.2 for WOG, and OR = 8.2 for TF. (4) Conclusions: Instrumentation with PTN, WOG, and TF may result in dentinal cracks formation.
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Heberer MT, Roggendorf HC, Faber FJ, Lawrenz NA, Frankenberger R, Roggendorf MJ. Longitudinal craze line propagation in human root dentin after instrumentation with NiTi rotary files of different instrument tapers after long-term chewing simulation. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2671-2679. [PMID: 34787719 PMCID: PMC8898247 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether file design and taper significantly influence microcrack initiation during machine preparation. Materials and methods Sixty extracted teeth with straight single canals were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups based on their root canal anatomy and the corresponding NiTi rotary file system (I, Mtwo; II, ProTaper Universal; III, F6 SkyTaper; control, no preparation and filling). The root canals of the experimental groups were filled using the single-cone technique. The tested teeth were all subjected to a mechanical chewing simulation with flat lead loading over a period of 3 years (corresponding to 150,000 cycles). The teeth were checked for dentinal defects (accumulative crack growth in length) under the digital microscope (Keyence VHX-5000) at time 0 (baseline prior to chewing simulation) and after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of loading. The cumulative crack increase was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Jonckheere–Terpstra test, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The significance was set at p < 0.05. Results In contrast to preparation with greater-tapered instruments, ProTaper Universal (group II) and F6 SkyTaper (group III) instrumentation with the smaller tapered Mtwo files (group I) showed less accumulative propagation of craze lines (p < 0.05) at all time points. Conclusion Instruments with greater taper for root canal instrumentation should be used with care to avoid negative long-term effects in the form of propagation of dentinal defects over time. A positive cutting-edge angle and a smaller taper have a positive effect on a lower craze line development. Clinical relevance Instruments with a positive cutting-edge angle and a smaller taper are beneficial for the long-term preservation of dentinal tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Heberer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Straße 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Hubert C Roggendorf
- Interdisciplinary Department of Oral Surgery an Implantology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Faber
- Pre-Clinical Department, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolai-Alexander Lawrenz
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Straße 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Straße 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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Devi TP, Kaur A, Priyadarshini S, Deepak BS, Banerjee S, Sanjeeta N. Microscopic Assessment of Dentinal Defects Induced by ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex Electric Discharge Machining Rotary File Systems - An in vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:230-234. [PMID: 34759678 PMCID: PMC8525824 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_631_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomechanical preparation of root canal can damage root dentin leading to the formation of dentinal cracks which can eventually lead to fracture and failure of the treatment. Aim: The aim was to investigate the incidence of dentinal defects in root canals prepared with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex electric discharge machining (EDM) rotary file systems using handheld USB digital microscope. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canal were randomly divided into five groups (n = 30). Group 1: unprepared (negative control). Group 2: canal preparation done with nickel–titanium hand files (positive control), Group 3: canals prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary system, Group 4: canal preparation done with ProTaper Gold rotary system, and Group 5: canals prepared with Hyflex EDM rotary system. The specimens were sliced at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex with a slow-speed saw under water cooling. Digital images of each section were captured at ×40 magnification with the aid of a microscope. Two independent evaluators assessed the images for the presence of dentinal defects. The number of dentinal defects was recorded and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Results: The number of specimens presenting dentinal defects was as follows: Group 3; ProTaper Universal – 9/30 (30.0%), Group 4; ProTaper Gold – 2/30 (6.7%), and Group 5; Hyflex EDM – 1/30 (3.3%). No defects were detected in the negative and positive control groups (Group 1 and Group 2). Conclusion: ProTaper Universal showed the highest percentage of defects in comparison to ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takhellambam Premlata Devi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Shamurailatpam Priyadarshini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - B S Deepak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sumita Banerjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Ng Sanjeeta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
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16
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Tan VL, Hardiman R, Pilbrow V, Parashos P. Dentinal microcracks and cemental tears related to chemo-mechanical root canal instrumentation: a micro-CT Cadaver Study. Aust Dent J 2021; 67:76-82. [PMID: 34762293 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of radicular defects after root canal instrumentation is unresolved. This study used micro-CT to assess the relationship between the formation of radicular defects and chemo-mechanical instrumentation in a cadaver model. METHODS Maxillary and mandibular molars (n = 24) were sectioned from cadaver specimens as a tissue block containing the teeth, alveolar bone and attached mucogingival tissues. After a baseline micro-CT scan (13.45 μm), the specimens were distributed into 3 groups (n = 8 molars): Reciproc® , ProTaper Next™ and Mtwo® . Micro-CT scans of each specimen were obtained after access, glide path and preparation with each instrument. The pre-operative and final post-operative micro-CT cross-sectional images of the roots were screened by two blinded examiners to identify any pre-existing and new radicular defects. Pre-existing and new radicular defects were examined histologically. RESULTS Overall, 16 pre-existing radicular defects were identified in 12 of the 24 molars (50%). Most of these were cemental tears (87.5%), and not true dentinal microcracks. New dentinal microcracks were observed in the post-operative micro-CT scans of only 3 canals (3.9%; 3/77). However, only one of these defects was found to be present histologically. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, chemo-mechanical instrumentation did not routinely promote the formation of radicular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Tan
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Hardiman
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Pilbrow
- The Australian Institute of Archaeology, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Versiani MA, Cavalcante DM, Belladonna FG, Silva EJNL, Souza EM, De-Deus G. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study dentinal microcracks. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:178-226. [PMID: 34743355 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review was to discuss the scientific milestones that led to the current understanding of the root dentinal microcrack phenomenon based on the interplay between the usage of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as an analytical tool alongside a close-to-mouth experimental model. In 2009, reports on the development of dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth after root canal preparation triggered an awareness of the potential for vertical root fractures (VRFs) of endodontically treated teeth could be developed from defects created by the mechanical stress of nickel-titanium preparation systems on dentine. This assumption was taken for granted, even though no cause-effect relationship had been scientifically demonstrated. Since then, several studies using the sectioning method with extracted teeth have been published and the large discrepancy amongst their outcomes soon become evident. Moreover, the high frequency of reported dentinal microcracks largely contrasted with the clinical incidence of VRFs, raising doubts on their methodological reliability. Using micro-CT technology, it was demonstrated by several studies that, in extracted teeth, dentinal defects already existed before the endodontic procedures, indicating that the initial reports framed a non-existing cause-effect relationship between canal preparation and dentinal microcracks. Although these new findings contributed to a better comprehension of this phenomenon, the misconception that microcracks were the starting point for VRFs was only surpassed with a new in situ approach using fresh cadavers. Surprisingly, microcracks were not identified in sound teeth. As a conclusion, dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth can be considered a non-natural occurrence observed only in a laboratory set-up as a consequence of dehydration and storage conditions. Thus, dentinal microcracks shall not be considered as the starting point for VRFs as they do not manifest in non-extracted teeth. Identifying dentinal microcracks as a laboratory phenomenon highlights the impact of recent scientific developments to disclaim the clinical relevance of laboratory-obtained outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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18
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Yamakami SA, Gallas JA, Petean IBF, Souza-Gabriel AE, Sousa-Neto M, Macedo AP, Palma-Dibb RG. Impact of Endodontic Kinematics on Stress Distribution During Root Canal Treatment: Analysis of Photoelastic Stress. J Endod 2021; 48:255-262. [PMID: 34699903 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural defects created by endodontic treatment are the most common cause of major dental failures. This study analyzed levels of stress produced by endodontic instruments during the root canal treatment by photoelastic analysis of stress. METHODS Twenty-four human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6) according to instrumentation protocol: ProTaper Next (GPT), One Shape (GOS), Wave One Gold (GWO), and TF Adaptive (GTF). The evaluation of the photoelastic model was performed at 4 dental zones: dental-crown region, cervical third of root, middle third of root, and apical third of root. Silicone molds were prepared (2 × 15 mm), and pinjets were used inside the root canals to fixate teeth. Photoelastic resin (2:1 ratio) was poured into the silicone molds to form photoelastic models. A transmission polariscope was used to analyze the positions of interest and recorded with a digital camera. Tardy's method was used to quantify the fringe order (n) and calculate the maximum stress value (τ) at each selected point. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test (P < .05), fringe descriptive analysis. RESULTS All groups showed a significant increase in the level of stress created during biomechanical preparation of the root canals. In the quantitative analysis, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P > .05). In the qualitative analysis, GPT and GTF instruments achieved greater levels of stresses compared with GWO and GOS instruments. At the beginning of instrumentation, stresses were concentrated at the coronary level and the end of instrumentation at the middle and apical root level. CONCLUSIONS All endodontic systems resulted in accumulation of stress along the dental structure. Stress was found in different concentrations along the tooth and at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelyn Akari Yamakami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Adornes Gallas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Bagheri R, Abbaszadegan A, Nabavizadeh MR, Ferooz M, Parashos P. Mathematical validation of measurement of root fracture resistance: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:503. [PMID: 34620146 PMCID: PMC8499452 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop a mathematically valid method of assessing fracture resistance of roots. The model developed used mesial roots of lower molars instrumented using stainless steel hand files (SS) and two rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods Eighty human lower molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). After instrumentation, the root canals were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha. The roots were covered with a simulated periodontal ligament and mounted vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic in PVC tubes. Using a universal testing machine, the force to fracture (N) was applied and the maximum load (FL) was recorded. Remaining dentine volume was calculated and the fracture resistance (FR) was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with P < .05.
Results There were no significant differences among the instrumentation methods for FL but in FR the roots instrumented using rotary NiTi showed significantly lower values than control groups and SS files (P < 0.001). Conclusions Considering the effect of root length, volume of the root, and volume of the instrumented canal as well as the maximum failure load may be a more objective method of reporting fracture resistance of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Bagheri
- Dental Materials Department and Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Abbaszadegan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Nabavizadeh
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ferooz
- Royal Australian Air Force, RAAF Base Williamtown, Williamtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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20
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Rahman H, Chandra A, Khangwal M, Goel A, Shakya VK. Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Microcrack Formation in Dentin by ProTaper Next, Revo S, and WaveOne Gold File System. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:439-443. [PMID: 35068846 PMCID: PMC8740783 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_760_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the biomechanical preparation of the root canal by rotary file systems, stress is generated within the canal, which leads to dentinal microcrack formation. Such defects are evaluated only under the microscope. Aim The present study aimed to evaluate dentinal microcrack formation after instrumentation with ProTaper Next (M-wire), Revo S (conventional NiTi), and WaveOne Gold (Gold-wire) file systems under the stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods Forty single-rooted teeth free from any defect were selected and divided into four groups (Control, PTN, RS, and WOG). Experimental groups were instrumented with file system used in the study, and the control group were left unprepared. Samples were further decoronated and sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex perpendicular to the long axis and examined under a stereomicroscope at ×25 for different types of microcracks (no fracture, complete fracture, partial fracture, and other fracture). Statistical Analysis Used Data analysis was done by the Chi-square test using the SPSS version 17.0 software. A two-sided (α = 2) P < 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results The null hypothesis was rejected. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. All file systems created microcracks in the root dentin. WOG group showed an incidence of 66.7% for no fracture, PTN group had 40% for other fracture, and RS group had 60% for complete fracture. Conclusion Single file system WOG with gold wire technology proves to be the best choice for canal preparation among the tested groups in terms of least dentinal crack formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Rahman
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, FODS, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Khangwal
- Department of Dentistry, BPS GMC for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Haryana, India
| | - Akriti Goel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, FODS, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Shakya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, FODS, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Martins JCLGD, Oliveira BP, Duarte DA, Antonino ACD, Aguiar CM, Câmara AC. Micro-computed tomographic assessment of dentinal microcrack formation in straight and curved root canals in extracted teeth prepared with hand, rotary and reciprocating instruments. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1362-1368. [PMID: 33760261 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare microcrack formation in roots of extracted teeth after the shaping of straight and curved root canals with hand, rotary and reciprocating files using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. METHODOLOGY Thirty straight mandibular incisors and 30 severely curved mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the systems used for the root canal preparation and the root canal curvature: ProTaper Universal for Hand Use (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), HyFlex EDM (Coltene-Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) files used in mandibular incisors (straight canals) and mesial roots of mandibular molars (curved canals). The roots were imaged with micro-CT scanning at an isotropic resolution of 14 μm before and after root canal preparation, and the cross-sectional images generated were assessed to detect microcracks. RESULTS All dentinal defects identified after root canal preparation were already present before instrumentation, and no new microcracks were detected. Dentinal microcracks were present in 19% (ProTaper Universal for Hand Use), 11% (Hyflex EDM) and 23% (Reciproc Blue) of the cross-sections when the instrumentation was performed in mandibular incisors. Instrumentation of mandibular molars revealed microcracks in 15% (ProTaper Universal for Hand Use), 16% (Hyflex EDM) and 17% (Reciproc Blue) of the cross-sections. CONCLUSIONS Preparation of straight and curved root canals with ProTaper Universal for Hand Use, HyFlex EDM and Reciproc Blue systems did not produce microcracks in extracted teeth when evaluated with micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C L G D Martins
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - B P Oliveira
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - D A Duarte
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A C D Antonino
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - C M Aguiar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A C Câmara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Recife, PE, Brazil
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22
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Pandey SH, Patni PM, Jain P, Raghuwanshi S, Sanwatsarkar G, Chaturvedi A. Light emitting diode assessment of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation with 4 different heat-treated file systems. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 70:257-262. [PMID: 34264044 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this research was to evaluate the dentinal microcracks formation after root canal preparation with Hyflex EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining), Neolix Neoniti A1 EDM, Wave One Gold and Edge File X1 under illumination and magnification. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 mandibular molars with 2 different mesial canals extracted for periodontal reasons were included in the study. The samples were decoronated at 15mm from the apex using a carborundum disc under copious water cooling. Access opening was done using a round bur. Sectioning of the distal root was done. Patency of mesial canals were checked using a 10K file. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups using simple randomization technique. Group 1: Uninstrumented group. Group 2: Hyflex EDM(HEDM). Group 3: Neolix Neoniti A1(NA1). Group 4: Wave One Gold (WOG). Group 5: Edge File X1(EFX). Biomechanical preparation in all groups was done following the manufacturer's instructions. Sectioning was done at 3mm, 6mm, and 9mm from the apex using a 0.13mm circular saw under copious water cooling. Sections were observed at 16x magnification under the dental operating microscope and illumination using a Light Emitting Diode (LED) curing light. The chi-square test was used to determine the statistically significant differences at P < .05. Intergroup comparison was done by the Post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Total of 1800 images were analyzed. The highest number of cracks was seen in Neoniti A1 group (43.33%) while the least number of cracks were seen with Wave One Gold group (13.33%). There was statistically difference between reciprocating groups and the rotary group. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that all the heat-treated file systems produced dentinal microcracks. Rotary group(NA1 and HEDM) produced significantly more cracks than Reciprocation group (WOG and EFX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket H Pandey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India -
| | - Pallav M Patni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swadhin Raghuwanshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gauri Sanwatsarkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Chaturvedi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Belladonna FG, Rodrigues LLC, Leal ASM, Oliveira HE, Maciel ACDC, Cavalcante DM, Silva EJNL, Valois ÉM, Souza EM, De-Deus G. Is canal overinstrumentation able to produce apical root dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth? Int Endod J 2021; 54:1647-1652. [PMID: 33932037 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of mechanical overinstrumentation of root canals in extracted teeth on the development of dentinal microcracks in the apical portion of the root by means of micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. Root canal preparation short of the canal terminus and at the apical foramen (AF) were used as controls. METHODOLOGY Twenty 2-rooted maxillary premolars with two canals were selected, scanned in a micro-CT device and the root canals prepared sequentially using Reciproc M-Wire R25 instruments to working lengths: 1 mm short of the AF (AF - 1 mm), at the AF (AF), and overinstrumentation (AF + 1 mm). A micro-CT scan of each specimen was performed after each time point. After reconstruction and co-registration procedures, the images were screened from the cementoenamel junction to the apex (n = 55 352) to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks in the apical third of the root. RESULTS After the analyses of 55 352 slices, dentinal microcracks were visualized in 12.45% of the images (6892 slices), with 5.73% (3174 slices) in the cervical, 3.57% (1976 slices) in the middle and 3.15% (1740 slices) in the apical third. All dentinal microcracks observed at all time points (AF - 1 mm, AF and AF + 1 mm) were already present in the corresponding images before canal instrumentation. Therefore, no new microcracks were detected, regardless of the working length used for canal instrumentation. CONCLUSION Reciprocating root canal preparation either short, at or beyond the AF (overinstrumentation) did not create dentinal microcracks in the roots of extracted 2-rooted maxillary premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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24
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Aggarwal A, Nawal RR, Yadav S, Talwar S, Kunnoth S, Mahajan P. Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcrack Formation before and after Root Canal Preparation Using Rotary, Reciprocating, and Adaptive Instruments at Different Working Lengths-A Micro-computed Tomographic Study. J Endod 2021; 47:1314-1320. [PMID: 34023360 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare root dentinal microcrack formation after root canal shaping using rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive instruments at different working lengths using micro-computed tomographic imaging. METHODS One hundred eighty extracted mature mandibular molar mesial roots with 2 separate canals were selected. The mesial roots were resected at the cementoenamel junction and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 45) based on the nickel-titanium file system used: ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Maillefer), Twisted File Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany). Each of the 4 groups were then subdivided into 3 groups (n = 15) depending on the working length used for root canal preparation (ie, instrumentation 1 mm short, flush, and 1 mm beyond the major apical foramen). The roots were imaged with micro-computed tomographic scanning before and after root canal preparation. The cross-sectional images generated were screened to detect the presence of new microcracks. RESULTS The ProTaper Universal system significantly increased the number of postinstrumentation microcracks at all working lengths (P ≤ .05). No significant increase (P > .05) in postinstrumentation microcracks was observed in the ProTaper Gold, Twisted File Adaptive, or Reciproc Blue groups. CONCLUSIONS Rotary instrumentation induced a higher number of dentinal microcracks compared with reciprocating and adaptive instruments. Instrumentation at different working lengths did not significantly influence the formation of dentinal microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Aggarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sriram Kunnoth
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Mahajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Arumugam S, Yew HZ, Baharin SA, Qamaruz Zaman J, Muchtar A, Kanagasingam S. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of dentinal microcracks following canal preparation with thermomechanically heat-treated engine-driven files. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:520-530. [PMID: 33956372 PMCID: PMC9291541 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the frequency of microcracks and its severity at different root canal dentin locations, after preparation with thermomechanically heat‐treated engine‐driven nickel‐titanium instruments. Forty mandibular premolars were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10): ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue. After pre‐instrumentation micro‐computed tomography scans, the root canals were prepared to size 25. Following post‐instrumentation scans, pre‐ and post‐instrumentation scanned images were analysed for the presence and extent of dentinal defects. A total of 56 500 cross‐sectional images were obtained, showing that less than 2.3% with pre‐existing dentinal microcracks. No new microcracks were identified during the post‐instrumentation analyses. No significant association was found between the types of dentinal defects, file motions and sequences. Thermomechanically heat‐treated rotary files did not induce the formation of new microcracks. There was also no association between the kinematic motions and sequences of the rotary instruments to the types of dentinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmini Arumugam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hsu Zenn Yew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Safura Anita Baharin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmina Qamaruz Zaman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andanastuti Muchtar
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Kanagasingam
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Unprepared surface areas, accumulated hard tissue debris, and dentinal crack formation after preparation using reciprocating or rotary instruments: a study in human cadavers. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6239-6248. [PMID: 33903962 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study using contralateral teeth from human cadavers assessed the amount of unprepared wall surface areas (USA), accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), and dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation using either reciprocating or rotary instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Incisors with a single root canal from 11 human mandibles had their root canals prepared with Reciproc or Mtwo. Each contralateral tooth was treated with one of the test instruments in order to create matched pairs. Micro-CT scans were taken before and after preparation to instrument sizes 40 and 50 in both groups. USA and AHTD were evaluated in the full canal length or the apical portion only. Crack formation was also evaluated in the full root length. RESULTS After size 40, no significant differences in USA and AHTD were observed in the full canal length (P > .05). Separate analysis of the apical 4-mm canal revealed no difference in AHTD, but significantly more USA with Mtwo than Reciproc (P < .05). After size 50, the amount of USA was similar between groups both in the full canal and in the apical canal (P > .05). More AHTD were observed in the full canal after using Mtwo size 50 (P < .05), but no difference occurred in the apical canal only (P > .05). Intragroup analyses showed a significant decrease of USA and a significant increase of AHTD when preparation size increased from 40 to 50 (P < .05). In teeth without any pre-existing detectable dentinal defect (n = 38), crack formation occurred in 4 teeth, 2 from each preparation system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reciproc instrument size 40 resulted in more prepared areas in the apical canal than Mtwo instrument of the same size. However, the amount of AHTD did not differ between them at this file size. Canal enlargement to size 50 prepared more walls but created more debris. Dentinal defects were produced after preparation with both systems.
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A Digital Microscopic Inspection of Dentinal Defects after Using Endodontic Retreatment Files. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6661387. [PMID: 33628247 PMCID: PMC7884119 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study aimed at evaluating the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal retreatment with ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR) and XP-endo Shaper and Finisher R (XP). Materials and Methods Sixty extracted single-rooted human premolars were selected and divided into 4 groups of 15 teeth each. In the negative control group, the teeth were left unprepared. In the positive control group, the teeth were prepared with ProTaper Next and obturated with no further retreatment. In the PTUR and XP groups, the teeth were prepared and obturated followed by removal of the filling material at body temperature using PTUR and XP instruments, respectively. The roots were then sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and observed under a digital microscope to detect defects. Results PTUR group showed significantly higher (p value <0.05) incidence of defects than the other groups. Comparison of no defects versus defects between groups in different areas of root canals demonstrated significant difference among the groups in the apical and cervical regions. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, PTUR files created significantly more dentinal defects than XP files, with most of those defects at the cervical and apical areas of the root canals.
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Guha A, Pandharikar R, Shivangi S, Rao RD, Verma M, Jain AK. Comparative evaluation of dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation with Neoendo Flex and Mani Silk files: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:468-472. [PMID: 33911355 PMCID: PMC8066664 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_428_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Neoendo Flex and Mani Silk are recently launched nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary files. Dentinal cracks and file separation remain a critical problem in the endodontic domain. Aim: The aim was to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation with Neoendo flex and Mani silk files. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted single-rooted premolars with straight, single root canals were selected for the study. The specimens were randomly assigned to three groups, with 12 samples in each group. The root canal preparation for the three groups was done with hand K-file, Mani Silk, and Neoendo Flex files, respectively, following which the specimens were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. Sectioned samples were viewed under a stereomicroscope to determine the presence or absence of dentinal cracks. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: Hand K-files and Mani Silk files produced a lesser number of cracks than Neoendo Flex files; however, the difference was not statistically significant among the three file groups at 3 mm and 6 mm (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference between the groups was seen at 9 mm, where Mani Silk files produced fewer cracks than K files and Neoendo Flex files (P = 0.007). Overall, Neoendo Flex significantly produced more cracks than Mani Silk and hand K-files (P = 0.0029). Conclusions: Both hand K files and NiTi rotary instruments may cause dentinal cracks. Neoendo Flex files tend to produce more dentinal cracks than Mani silk and K-file.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Guha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Richa Pandharikar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreya Shivangi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul D Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish K Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Kolhe SJ, Kolhe PS, Gulve MN, Aher GB, Bhadage CJ, Mashalkar SS. Microcomputed tomographic evaluation of shaping ability of two thermo mechanically treated single-file systems in severely curved roots. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:244-248. [PMID: 33551593 PMCID: PMC7861081 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_349_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Canal shaping abilities such as canal transportation, centering ability, and preparation time are important and have to be considered before using any Nickel–Titanium file system. Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the amount of canal transportation, centering ability, and time required for the shaping of severely curved canals with WaveOne Gold (WOG) Primary Reciprocating file and One Curve (OC) Rotary file using the micro computed tomography (μCT). Materials and Methods: Thirty intact mesial roots of extracted human mandibular first molars having severe curvature (25°–35°) were selected. Samples were divided into two groups. Samples in Group I and II were shaped with WOG primary reciprocating files and OC rotary files, respectively, to the working length. Time required to prepare each canal was recorded. μCT pre- and post-instrumentation scans of all samples were taken. The cross-sectional images at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and unpaired t-test. Results: At 3 mm, OC showed statistically lower canal transportation with mean value (0.17 ± 0.10) than WOG (0.55 ± 0.42). Furthermore, OC showed statistically significant better centering ability (0.59 ± 0.25) than WOG (0.39 ± 0.20) at 3 mm level. However, the differences between both instruments were not statistical significant at 6 and 9 mm level for canal transportation and centering ratio. WOG reciprocating file required less time for canal preparation than OC file. Conclusions: OC rotary file showed less canal transportation and better canal centring ability than WOG file, during the preparation of severely curved canals. However, WOG required less time for canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil J Kolhe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka S Kolhe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meenal N Gulve
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gayatri B Aher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan J Bhadage
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra S Mashalkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
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Influence of additional apical enlargement on microcrack formation in root dentine: a micro-computed tomography investigation. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4137-4143. [PMID: 33409686 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of additional apical enlargement using nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments on the incidence of microcracks using micro-computed tomographic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one premolars with single canals were enlarged to ProTaper Gold (PTG) F2 (25/08) (Dentsply Sirona), ProFile Vortex Blue (VB) 25/06 (Dentsply Tulsa), or WaveOne Gold (WOG) primary (25/07) (Dentsply Sirona) NiTi rotary instruments (n = 17 each). Afterward, additional apical enlargement was performed in each group with its corresponding larger instrument (F3 (30/09), VB 30/06, or WOG Medium (35/06) instruments, respectively). All teeth were imaged with micro-computed tomography before canal enlargement and after initial and additional apical enlargements to detect new microcracks at the apical 5 mm. An Aligned Rank Transform ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of file type and canal enlargement on the number of new microcracks resulting from enlargement. A Kruskal-Wallis test was run to compare the file types at each canal enlargement stage. RESULTS A significant main effect (P = 0.026) of canal enlargement on the number of new microcracks was found; the number of apical microcracks found after additional enlargement was significantly greater than baseline (P = 0.021); no significant difference was found between baseline and initial enlargement (P = 0.506) and between initial enlargement and additional enlargement (P = 0.252). The Kruskal-Wallis tests found no difference between file types at baseline (P = 0.348), after initial enlargement (P = 0.369) or additional enlargement (P = 0.133). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the instrumentation system used, additional apical enlargement led to the formation of high number of new microcracks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results indicated that additional enlargement induced significant number of apical microcracks.
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Campello AF, Marceliano-Alves MF, Provenzano JC, Loyola SC, Siqueira JF, Machado AG, Machado AL, Lopes RT, Paiva MM, Alves FRF. Accuracy of Microcomputed Tomography in Detecting Dentinal Cracks: A Correlative Study with Scanning Electron and Operative Microscopy. SCANNING 2021; 2021:5571123. [PMID: 34104287 PMCID: PMC8143888 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5571123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of microcomputed tomography (mCT) to detect dentinal cracks when compared with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and operating microscopy (OM). Different conditions of pixel size (10 or 17 μm), sample moisture (dry/moist), and transillumination (with/without) were evaluated. Additionally, the influence of the dentinal defect width on its detection was analyzed. The root canals of human mandibular incisors were prepared with the Reciproc R40 instrument (VDW, Munich, Germany). The roots were sectioned 5 and 10 mm from the apex, and mCT scans of middle and apical segments were performed at two pixel sizes: 10 μm and 17 μm, under dry and moist conditions (groups: 10dry, 10moist, 17dry, and 17moist). The operating microscope was used with and without transillumination (groups: OMTrans and OM). Findings showed that accuracy was moderate for the 10dry, 10moist, and OMTrans groups, poor for OM and very poor for 17dry and 17moist. The thickness of the dentin crack significantly influenced its detection by mCT using the resolution of 10 μm in both dry and wet conditions (P = .002), 17 μm in the dry condition (P = .002), and by the operating microscope using transillumination (P = .009). Some cracks visualized in SEM were not detected by mCT and an operating microscope. Not only the mCT resolution but also the sample moisture condition and the dentinal crack width can significantly influence its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone C. Loyola
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - José F. Siqueira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - André G. Machado
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - André L. Machado
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Lopes
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio R. F. Alves
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Venkataraman KJ, Thanapathi S, Balasubramanian S, Gandhi SA, Sarojinikutty AC. Fracture Resistance of Titanium, Chrome-Cobalt, and Gold Alloy as Post and Core Materials: A Comparative Evaluation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S583-S588. [PMID: 33149525 PMCID: PMC7595494 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_205_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of different metallic post and core materials. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four maxillary–central incisors were selected, standardized, and segregated into three groups (GP I–III) (n = 8) based on the type of alloy used for post and core preparation. GP I (gold alloy [Au]), GP II (chrome–cobalt alloy [Co–Cr]), and GP III (titanium alloy [Ti]) were comparatively evaluated for use as post and core materials. The teeth were endodontically treated and tooth preparation for post core was done.Metal post and cores were fabricated using indirect wax pattern and luted. Teeth were mounted on resin bases, fracture testing was done, and type of fractures were analyzed. Results: Mesiodistal type of fracture was the most common among experimental groups with a percentage incidence of 54.20%. The comminuted type of fracture was the next most common with a percentage incidence of 29.2%. The incidence of buccolingual, transverse, and other type of fracture was not common and had a percentage incidence of 29.2%, 4.2%, 8.3% and 4.2% respectively. Group II had the highest fracture resistance with a mean value of 742.89N. Group III and Group I had mean values of 482.33 and 361.1123N. Statistically significant difference between experimental groups (I and II) and (II and III) was observed in load values of root fracture (P < 0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the protocols used and limitations of this study, among metallic post and core materials tested, GP II had the highest fracture resistance values. Further evaluation of these different post and core systems, new alloy formulations designed specifically for use as post and core materials, and assessment in a clinical setting is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathya Thanapathi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shrimanikandan Ayappa Gandhi
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery & Dentistry, Velammal Medical Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bal SS, Pare S, Unnikrishnan A, Shetty D, Kumar HG, Ragher M. Detection of Dentinal Microcracks in Radicular Dentin after Shaping with XP-endo Shaper, Neoendo Flex Files, and Hero Shaper Using Scanning Electron Microscope: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S259-S263. [PMID: 33149467 PMCID: PMC7595507 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_76_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the extent of dentinal microcracks in the radicular dentin using hand K files and various types of rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) file systems. Forty mandibular incisor teeth (human) were grouped for the study. The root apices were closed, and the canals were straight (<5°). The samples were divided into four groups (n = 10). Group 1-Hand K file system (SybronEndo, SA), Group 2-XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), Groups 3-Neoendoflex file (Neoendo, Orikam, India), and Group 4-Hero Shaper files (Micro-Mega, Becacon, France). Sectioning was done at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, perpendicular to the long axis using a diamond disc under water coolant. The cut samples were then observed through a scanning electron microscope at ×50 enlargement. The control group showed no microcracks except one sample in the coronal third, which was less significant. The difference in the amount of crack detected on comparing the different groups was significant. In the experimental groups, XP-endo Shaper group showed significantly less number of cracks than the Neoendo flex, and Hero Shaper groups. Within the limitations of this study, all the system, except hand K files, produced remarkable dentinal microcracks. Least cracks were seen in canals instrumented with XP-endo Shaper. It can also be noted that single file system causes less number of microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti S Bal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath Pare
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arya Unnikrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish G Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Ragher
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Amiri P, Tour Savadkouhi S, abbasi M. Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcrack Incidence After Root Canal Preparation by BioRaCe and Edge Taper Platinum. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Delvarani A, Moshary AA, Ghasemian Yadegari M, Bitaraf T. In-Vitro Comparison of the Effect of XP-Endo Shaper and One-Shape Rotary Files on the Incidence of Root Dentin Cracks. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.4.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Root fractures in seniors: Consequences of acute embrittlement of dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1464-1473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Miguéns-Vila R, Martín-Biedma B, De-Deus G, Belladonna FG, Peña-López A, Castelo-Baz P. Micro-computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks after Preparation of Curved Root Canals with ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold, and ProTaper Next Instruments. J Endod 2020; 47:309-314. [PMID: 33096193 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rotary (ProTaper Next [PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland] and ProTaper Gold [PTG, Dentsply Maillefer]) and reciprocating (WaveOne Gold [WOG, Dentsply Maillefer]) systems in dentinal microcrack generation after the preparation of curved root canals using micro-computed tomographic analysis. METHODS Twenty-four human mandibular molars with curved roots were scanned in a micro-computed tomographic device using an isotropic resolution of 6.78 μm and randomly assigned into 1 of 3 experimental groups (n = 8) according to the root canal instrumentation system used (PTN, PTG, or WOG). Then, the root canals were prepared up to PTN X2, PTG F2, and WOG Primary instruments in the PTN, PTG, and WOG groups, respectively. After canal preparation, each specimen was scanned again. Pre- and postoperative cross-sectional images of the roots (N = 35,304) were analyzed to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks. RESULTS Overall, 26% of the images presented dentinal defects (n = 9188). Dentinal microcracks were observed in 24.6%, 26%, and 27.4% of the postinstrumentation images from the PTN, PTG, and WOG groups, respectively. However, all of these dentinal microcracks were already present in the corresponding preoperative images. No new microcracks were generated after the preparation of curved root canals of mandibular molars using the aforementioned systems. CONCLUSIONS Root canal instrumentation with PTN, PTG, and WOG systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Miguéns-Vila
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | | | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Castelo-Baz
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Valle AD, Dotto L, Morgental RD, Pereira-Cenci T, Pereira GKDR, Sarkis-Onofre R. Influence of Root Canal Preparation on Formation of Dentinal Microcracks: A Systematic Review. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:201-220. [PMID: 32667513 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of root canal preparation technique on microcrack initiation is a controversial issue. This systematic review aimed to assess the role of root canal preparation techniques with different kinematics (manual, rotary, reciprocating, adaptive, self-adjusting file) on microcrack initiation. In vitro and in situ studies comparing the influence of at least two different root canal preparation techniques on the initiation of dentin microcracks were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS up to June 5, 2018 without language and period restriction. Two authors independently reviewed all identified titles and abstracts for eligibility. Tables were generated to summarize the included studies, and the included studies were assessed for bias. Fifty-four (n=54) articles met the eligibility criteria. The results were classified according to the method used for microcrack evaluation, and most studies that used micro-computed tomography showed no formation of new cracks after root canal preparation. In general, the instrumentation techniques induced microcrack formation when the methods were destructive, irrespective of kinematics. In relation to the apex region, when the preparation working length was set as the root canal length subtracted of 1 mm, the risk of microcrack initiation reduces. The majority of the included studies had low risk of bias for all assessed domains. Our results seem to indicate that the various root canal preparation techniques considered in this study will not cause damage to the dental structure when adequately employed and the proper methodology is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alânia Dalla Valle
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculdade Meridional, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara Dotto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculdade Meridional, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Anous W, Al-Ashry S, Ali M, Kataia M. Effect of different kinematic cutting motion in multiple versus single-file concept on dentinal crack formation: An in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_141_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Arashiro FN, De‐Deus G, Belladonna FG, Cavalcante DM, Coelho MS, Silva EJNL, Pereira KFS, Silva PG, Lopes RT, Souza EM. Dentinal microcracks on freshly extracted teeth: the impact of the extraction technique. Int Endod J 2019; 53:440-446. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. N. Arashiro
- Department of Endodontics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - G. De‐Deus
- Department of Endodontics Fluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil
| | - F. G. Belladonna
- Department of Endodontics Fluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil
| | - D. M. Cavalcante
- Department of Endodontics Fluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil
| | - M. S. Coelho
- Faculty of Dentistry São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas Brazil
| | - E. J. N. L. Silva
- Department of Endodontics Grande Rio University Duque de Caxias Brazil
| | - K. F. S. Pereira
- Department of Endodontics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - P. G. Silva
- Department of Endodontics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - R. T. Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - E. M. Souza
- Department of Dentistry II Federal University of Maranhão São Luís Brazil
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Kesim B, Sagsen B, Aslan T. Evaluation of dentinal defects during root canal preparation using thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium files. Eur J Dent 2019; 11:157-161. [PMID: 28729785 PMCID: PMC5502557 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_254_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root cracks after root canal instrumentation with thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files with different instrumentation kinematics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were divided into five groups and used in this study. In Group 1, 30 teeth were prepared using hand K-files and assigned to control group, Group 2 was instrumented using K3XF Rotary files (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) with continuous rotary motion. The teeth in Group 3 were instrumented by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary files which make asymmetric rotary motion, In Group 4, teeth were instrumented by RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) with reciprocation motion and in Group 5, teeth were instrumented by Twisted File (TF) Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) files that use combination of continuous rotation and reciprocation motion (n = 30/per group). All the roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low speed saw under water cooling. Then, the slices were examined through a stereomicroscope to determine the presence of dentinal microcracks. RESULTS For the apical (3-mm) and coronal (9-mm) sections, the ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive produced significantly more cracks than the hand files, RECIPROC, and K3XF (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups and control group at the 6-mm level (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all thermal-treated Ni-Ti instruments and hand files caused microcracks in root canal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Kesim
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkiye
| | - Burak Sagsen
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Tugrul Aslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
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Pawar AM, Thakur B, Kfir A, Kim HC. Dentinal defects induced by 6 different endodontic files when used for oval root canals: an in vitro comparative study. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e31. [PMID: 31485427 PMCID: PMC6713082 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the formation of dentinal defects using stainless-steel hand K-files (HFs), rotary files, reciprocating files, and Self-Adjusting File (SAF), when used for oval root canals. Materials and Methods One hundred and forty extracted human mandibular premolar with single root and oval canal were selected for this study. Oval canals were confirmed by exposing to mesio-distal and bucco-lingual radiographs. Teeth with open apices or anatomic irregularities were excluded. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, leaving roots segments approximately of 16 mm in length. Twenty teeth were left unprepared (control), and the remaining 120 teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20) and instrumented using HF (size 40/0.02), Revo-S (RS; size 40/0.06), ProTaper NEXT (PTN; size 40/0.06), WaveOne (WO; size 40/0.09), RECIPROC (RC; size 40/0.06), and the SAF (2 mm). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and observed under stereomicroscope, for presence of dentinal defects. “No defect” was defined as root dentin that presented with no visible microcracks or fractures. “Defect” was defined by microcracks or fractures in the root dentin. Results The control, HF, and SAF did not exhibit any dentinal defects. In roots instrumented by RS, PTN, WO, and RC files exhibited microcracks (incomplete or complete) in 40%, 30%, 55%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files may create microcracks in radicular dentine, whereas the stainless-steel hand file instrumentation, and the SAF produce minimal or less cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhagyashree Thakur
- Department of Dentistry, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Gokturk H, Aydin U, Ozkocak I, Aydemir ME. Effect of different chelating agents on dentinal crack formation. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:294-299. [PMID: 31217378 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the degree of crack formation during canal preparation using reciprocating files. A total of 120 incisor teeth were divided into eight groups according to irrigation protocol (n = 15). The irrigation solution and chelating agents included distilled water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), citric acid, maleic acid, peracetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel, and EDTA liquid. The root canals were prepared using reciprocating instruments while one of the agents was present within the root canals. A control group was subjected to neither preparation nor irrigation. The roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm away from the apices. The numbers of cracks were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using a chi-squared test. The chelating agents resulted in similar numbers of cracked sections. The use of one of the chelating agents during preparation using reciprocating instruments appears to be beneficial in reducing crack formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Gokturk
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University
| | - Ugur Aydin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University
| | - Ismail Ozkocak
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University
| | - Mehmet E Aydemir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University
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Rödig T, Krämer J, Müller C, Wiegand A, Haupt F, Rizk M. Incidence of microcracks after preparation of straight and curved root canals with three different NiTi instrumentation techniques assessed by micro-CT. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 45:394-399. [PMID: 30907062 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of three different NiTi instrumentation techniques on the incidence of microcracks after the preparation of straight and curved root canals using micro-CT. Roots from mandibular premolars and maxillary molars (n = 66) with the same mean canal curvatures were assigned to three groups of straight and three groups of curved roots (n = 11). After preoperative micro-CT scans, root canals were prepared with Reciproc, OneShape and ProTaper Next to size 25. Specimens were scanned again, and pre- and post-operative cross-sectional images (n = 75 263) were screened to identify the presence of dentinal microcracks. Overall, microcracks were detected in 2.97% (n = 2236) of the cross-sectional images. No new dentinal microcracks were observed after root canal instrumentation of straight and curved canals with the tested NiTi systems. Instrumentation with Reciproc, OneShape and ProTaper Next did not induce the formation of dentinal microcracks irrespective of canal curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Rödig
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Krämer
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Müller
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Haupt
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marta Rizk
- Department for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Shantiaee Y, Dianat O, Mosayebi G, Namdari M, Tordik P. Effect of Root Canal Preparation Techniques on Crack Formation in Root Dentin. J Endod 2019; 45:447-452. [PMID: 30827767 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of root crack formation caused by the use of manual instrumentation, 2 rotary systems, and 1 reciprocating system using light-emitting diode transillumination. METHODS One hundred fifty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 30): control 1, no intervention; control 2, instrumented with hand files; group 3, instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland); group 4, instrumented with OneShape rotary files (Micro-Mega, Besancon, France); and group 5: instrumented with the WaveOne reciprocal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). After root canal preparations, the roots were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with water irrigation. The slices were inspected under a stereomicroscope with light-emitting diode transillumination from the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal directions at ×40 magnification to determine the presence/absence of cracks (dentinal defects). The chi-square test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS There was a significant difference among the groups in crack frequency (P < .05). The 2 single systems had significantly higher cracks than the other 3 groups. At 3 mm from the apex, there were significantly more cracks in groups 4 and 5 than in groups 1, 2, and 3 (P < .05). At 6 mm from the apex, no significant difference was noted (P > .05). At 9 mm from the apex, the frequency of cracks in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, using rotary instrumentation can result in some dentinal defects, and single-file systems, regardless of motion type, can cause significantly higher crack formation in the apical third of root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Shantiaee
- Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center For Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Dianat
- Iranian Center For Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endodontic Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Tordik
- Endodontic Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Uğur Aydın Z, Keskin NB, Özyürek T. Effect of Reciproc blue, XP‐endo shaper, and WaveOne gold instruments on dentinal microcrack formation: A micro‐computed tomographic evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:856-860. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Uğur Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryBolu Abant lzzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Neslihan Büşra Keskin
- Department of EndodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Yildirim Beyazit University Ankara Turkey
| | - Taha Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryIstanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey
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Effective Establishment of Glide-Path to Reduce Torsional Stress during Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instrumentation. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030493. [PMID: 30764565 PMCID: PMC6384996 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the torque generation during canal shaping with a nickel-titanium endodontic instrument according to the extent of glide-path establishment. Seventy-five simulated S-shaped canal blocks were divided into five groups (n = 15) according to the number of repetitive insertions to the working length using a One G glide-path instrument: groups with 5, 10, 15, and 20 insertions as well as group Z without glide-path establishment. When the tip of the One G file reached the working length, the file was moved back and forth repetitively at the working length for the designated number of times for each group. The instrumentation procedure with HyFlex EDM had 15 pecking strokes. During instrumentation, the generated torque was transmitted to a customized data acquisition module and collected using customized software. Data were computed to determine the maximum torque and total stress. The maximum screw-in forces were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc comparison test with a significance level of 95%. While the maximum stress did not have significant differences among the five groups (p > 0.05), groups with more than 10 repetitive insertions generated lower total stress during instrumentation than did the group with 5 insertions and group Z (p < 0.05). Under the limitations of this study, repetitive insertions of glide-path establishment files at the working length reduced stress generation during the shaping using nickel-titanium instruments.
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Yan W, Montoya C, Øilo M, Ossa A, Paranjpe A, Zhang H, Arola DD. Contribution of Root Canal Treatment to the Fracture Resistance of Dentin. J Endod 2019; 45:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cakici F, Cakici EB, Sadik B, Keles A, Fundaoglu Kucukekenci F. Comparison of newly formed microcracks after instrumentation using protaper next, reciproc and self-adjusting file systems. Eur Oral Res 2019; 53:21-24. [PMID: 31309188 PMCID: PMC6612756 DOI: 10.26650/eor.201972917418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present study is to assess the rate of newly formed microcracks comparatively during root canal instrumentation by using ProTaper Next, Reciproc, and Self-Adjusting File systems using micro-computed tomography. Subjects and methods Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n = 10) as follows, ProTaper Next, Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File system. Preoperative and postoperative scans were obtained at the isotropic resolution of 13.68 µm. Cross-section images were examined to identify the presence of newly formed dentinal microcracks. Results The Self-Adjusting File and Reciproc systems caused a higher rate of new microcrack formation than the ProTaper Next group (p<0.001). There were also significant differences in the new microcrack formation between Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File groups (p<0.001). Conclusion Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File systems caused a higher rate of newly formed microcraks compared to ProTaper Next system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Cakici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Ordu University Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Cakici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Ordu University Turkey
| | | | - Ali Keles
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University Turkey
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Aboud LRDL, Santos BCD, Lopes RT, Viana LAC, Scelza MFZ. Effect of Aging on Dentinal Crack Formation after Treatment and Retreatment Procedures: a Micro-CT Study. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:530-535. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In order to evaluate the volume of dentinal cracks taking into account the age of the dentin and the type of file system used for endodontic procedures, forty freshly extracted single-rooted lower incisive teeth presenting similar root volume, were divided into two groups according to the age of the patient: Group Young (18 - 30 years old) and Group Old (60 years old or more). Each specimen was scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in three stages: (i) before any treatment, (ii) after endodontic treatment with Reciproc files (REC), and (iii) after subsequent endodontic retreatment. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the retreatment technique used: retreatment with REC or with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR) files. For each subgroup, the images were analyzed for differences in the volume of dentinal cracks in the middle and apical thirds of the teeth , according to the dentin age. In both stages (before and after instrumentation), the micro-CT images of the old root dentin presented with higher volume of cracks than those of the young root dentin, statistical significance notwithstanding (p>0.01). The use of REC files appeared to have no statistically significant differences in the generation of cracks in any type of root dentin when compared with PUR files (p>0.01). When retreated with PUR, the old root dentin presented with a significantly higher volume of cracks (p<0.01) when compared with the old root dentin initially.
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