1
|
Sereti M, Zekeridou A, Cancela J, Mombelli A, Giannopoulou C. Microbiological testing of clinical samples before and after periodontal treatment. A comparative methodological study between real-time PCR and real-time-PCR associated to propidium monoazide. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1069-1079. [PMID: 34216116 PMCID: PMC8638278 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present methodological study was to evaluate the discrepancies in the detection of a number of periodontally involved pathogenic bacteria obtained from clinical samples by two methods: the quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and the qPCR combined with pre‐treatment by Propidium Monoazide (PMA). Material and methods Plaque and saliva samples were obtained from 30 subjects: 20 subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis in need of periodontal therapy with or without antibiotics and 10 subjects in Supportive Periodontal Treatment (SPT). The clinical samples taken before treatment (BL) and 1 month later (M1), were divided in two aliquots: one was immediately treated with PMA while the other was left untreated. All samples were further analyzed with qPCR after DNA extraction, for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Parvimonas micra (Pm), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). Results Large inter‐individual variations were observed in the concentration of the studied bacteria. At both instances (BL and M1) and for the three groups, significantly lower counts of bacteria were depicted when plaque and saliva samples were pre‐treated with PMA as compared to those without treatment. Treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of bacteria, mainly in the plaque samples. However, these changes were almost similar in the three groups independently of the method of detection used (PMA‐qPCR vs. q‐PCR). Conclusion Removal of DNA from non‐viable cells with PMA treatment is an easily applied step added to the classical qPCR that could give accurate information on the presence of viable bacterial load and evaluate the response to periodontal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sereti
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alkisti Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jose Cancela
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeong D, Bae H. Insight into functionally active bacteria in nitrification following Na + and Mg 2+ exposure based on 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143592. [PMID: 33277005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interests in osmotic membrane bioreactors, the information regarding the bacterial toxicity effects of reversely transported draw solute (RTDS) is limited. In this study, two representative draw solutes (NaCl and MgCl2) were used at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/L) to evaluate their toxicity in a continuous nitrifying bioreactor. Notably, Mg2+ selectively inhibited the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which decreased to 11.3% at 7.5 g-Mg2+/L. The rRNA-based analysis was more effective than the rDNA-based analysis to elucidate the relationship between active communities of nitrifying bacteria and the actual nitrifying performance. Nitrosomonas europaea, a representative AOB, was vulnerable to Mg2+ in comparison to Na+. In contrast, the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), Nitrobacter winogradskyi and Nitrolancea hollandica, maintained a relevant level of relative abundance for achieving nitrite oxidation after exposure to 10 g/L Na+ and Mg2+. This fundamental inhibition information of the draw solute can be applied to set the operational regime preventing the critical solute concentration in mixed liquor of nitrifying OMBRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jeong
- Institute of Environmental Research, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Liu Y, Zhang H, Lei L. The Susceptibility to Calcium Hydroxide Modulated by the Essential walR Gene Reveals the Role for Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Aggregation. J Endod 2019; 45:295-301.e2. [PMID: 30803536 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterococcus faecalis is considered a predominant pathogen for persistent periapical infections and in addition is reportedly resistant to calcium hydroxide medication. The WalRK 2-component system of E. faecalis is essential for environmental adaptation, survival, and virulence. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential roles of walR in the regulation of biofilm aggregation, alkaline stress, and susceptibility to calcium hydroxide (CH) medication. METHODS Antisense walR RNA (aswalR) overexpression strains were constructed. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and bacterial viability of E. faecalis biofilms were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the expressions of virulent factor genes. The proportion of viable bacteria and EPS production in dentin were assessed after CH medication. RESULTS We showed that walR interference by aswalR RNA leads to a reduction in the dextran-dependent aggregation in E. faecalis biofilm. The overexpression of aswalR reduced the transcripts of the virulence genes and alkaline stress tolerance ability. Furthermore, the down-regulation of walR sensitized E. faecalis in infected canals to CH medication associated with inhibiting EPS synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a role for the walR regulator in the susceptibility to CH associated with dispelling the EPS matrix, which could be explored as a potential supplementary therapy for the management of root canal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yunjie Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
In vitro evaluation by quantitative real-time PCR and culturing of the effectiveness of disinfection of multispecies biofilms in root canals by two irrigation systems. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:913-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
5
|
Nagendrababu V, Jayaraman J, Suresh A, Kalyanasundaram S, Neelakantan P. Effectiveness of ultrasonically activated irrigation on root canal disinfection: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:655-670. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
6
|
Pourhajibagher M, Raoofian R, Ghorbanzadeh R, Bahador A. An experimental study for rapid detection and quantification of endodontic microbiota following photo-activated disinfection via new multiplex real-time PCR assay. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:344-350. [PMID: 29337224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infected root canal system harbors one of the highest accumulations of polymicrobial infections. Since the eradication of endopathogenic microbiota is a major goal in endodontic infection therapy, photo-activated disinfection (PAD) can be used as an alternative therapeutic method in endodontic treatment. Compared to cultivation-based approaches, molecular techniques are more reliable for identifying microbial agents associated with endodontic infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of designed multiplex real-time PCR protocol for the rapid detection and quantification of six common microorganisms involved in endodontic infection before and after the PAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were taken from the root canals of 50 patients with primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections using sterile paper points. PAD with toluidine blue O (TBO) plus diode laser was performed on root canals. Resampling was then performed, and the samples were transferred to transport medium. Then, six target microorganisms were detected using multiplex real-time PCR before and after the PAD. RESULTS Veillonella parvula was found using multiplex real-time PCR to have the highest frequency among samples collected before the PAD (29.4%), followed by Porphyromonas gingivalis (23.1%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (13.6%), Actinomyces naeslundii (13.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (11.5%), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (9.4%). After TBO-mediated PAD, P. gingivalis strains, the most resistance microorganisms, were recovered in 41.7% of the samples using molecular approach (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION As the results shown, multiplex real-time PCR as an accurate detection approach with high-throughput and TBO-mediated PAD as an efficient antimicrobial strategy due to the significant reduction of the endopathogenic count can be used for detection and treatment of microbiota involved in infected root canals, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Raoofian
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Da Collina GA, Tempestini-Horliana ACR, da Silva DDFT, Longo PL, Makabe MLF, Pavani C. Oral hygiene in intensive care unit patients with photodynamic therapy: study protocol for randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:385. [PMID: 28830529 PMCID: PMC5568342 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intensive care units (ICUs), nosocomial infections are prevalent conditions and they have been related to high mortality indexes. Some studies have suggested that inefficient oral hygiene and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are related. Nowadays, in the Brazilian public health system there is no well-defined protocol for oral hygiene in an ICU. Due to the drawbacks of the use of antibiotics, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an interesting technique in order to reduce antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Methylene blue (MB) is the most common chemical agent for PDT in Brazil. However, new formulations for improved effectiveness are still lacking. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an MB mouthwash as an effective oral-hygiene procedure in an ICU and to show that oral hygiene using PDT with MB mouthwash may reduce VAP frequency to rates similar to, or higher than, chlorhexidine. METHODS Phase 1 will evaluate the most effective cleaning procedure, while phase 2 will correlate oral hygiene to VAP incidence. At the start of phase 1, the ICU patients will be randomly allocated into three different groups (10 patients/group): the efficacy of chlorhexidine, classical MB-PDT, and mouthwash MB-PDT will all be measured for the quantification of viable bacteria, both pre- and post-treatment, by a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In phase 2, the most effective procedure found in phase 1 and a mechanical cleaning with filtered water will be carried out daily, once a day, over 5 days, with a total of 52 ICU patients randomly allocated into the two groups. The clinical records will be evaluated in order to find any pneumonic diagnoses. DISCUSSION Since a variety of bacterial species are related to VAP, a universal primer for bacteria will be used in order to quantify the total bacteria count in the participants' samples. In order to quantify only the living bacteria before DNA extraction, the samples will be treated with propidium monoazide. This will infiltrate the dead bacteria and will intercalate the DNA bases, avoiding their DNA amplification. This will be the first trial to evaluate MB-PDT in a mouthwash formula that can increase the effectiveness due to the control of MB aggregation. The results of this study will be able to generate an easy and low-cost protocol to be used in an ICU for the Brazilian public health system. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui (1.317.834, CAAE: 49273515.9.3001.5551) and it was registered in Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC number: RBR-94bvrc;). First received: 12 July 2015; 1st version 6 June 2016. Data will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Da Collina
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini-Horliana
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Larcher Longo
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Pavani
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghoneim M, Saber SE, El-Badry T, Obeid M, Hassib N. The Use of Different Irrigation Techniques to Decrease Bacterial Loads in Healthy and Diabetic Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:714-719. [PMID: 28028421 PMCID: PMC5175529 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease which weakens the human's immunity. Subsequently, it worsens the sequelae of apical periodontitis by raising a fierce bacterial trait due to the impaired host response. AIM This study aimed to estimate bacterial reduction after using different irrigation techniques in systemically healthy and diabetic patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Fusobacterium necleatum bacteria were chosen, as they are the most common and prevailing strains found in periodontitis. Bacterial samples were retrieved from necrotic root canals of systemically healthy and diabetic patients, before and after endodontic cleaning and shaping by using two different irrigation techniques; the conventional one and the EndoVac system. Quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilised to detect the reduction in the bacterial count. RESULTS The EndoVac irrigation system was effective in reducing bacteria, especially Peptostreptococcus micros in the diabetic group when compared to conventional irrigation technique with a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION The EndoVac can be considered as a promising tool in combination with irrigant solution to defeat the bacterial colonies living in the root canal system. Additional studies ought to be done to improve the means of bacterial clearance mainly in immune-compromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ghoneim
- Endodontics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shehab ElDin Saber
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Badry
- Orodental Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
| | - Maram Obeid
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Hassib
- Orodental Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trivedi U, Madsen JS, Rumbaugh KP, Wolcott RD, Burmølle M, Sørensen SJ. A post-planktonic era of in vitro infectious models: issues and changes addressed by a clinically relevant wound like media. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:453-465. [PMID: 27869519 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1252312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical science is pitted against an ever-increasing rise in antibiotic tolerant microorganisms. Concurrently, during the past decade, biofilms have garnered much attention within research and clinical practice. Although the significance of clinical biofilms is becoming very apparent, current methods for diagnostics and direction of therapy plans in many hospitals do not reflect this knowledge; with many of the present tools proving to be inadequate for accurately mimicking the biofilm phenomenon. Based on current findings, we address some of the fundamental issues overlooked by clinical labs: the paradigm shifts that need to occur in assessing chronic wounds; better simulation of physiological conditions in vitro; and the importance of incorporating polymicrobial populations into biofilm models. In addition, this review considers using a biofilm relevant in vitro model for cultivating and determining the antibiotic tolerance and susceptibility of microorganisms associated with chronic wounds. This model presents itself as a highly rapid and functional tool that can be utilized by hospitals in an aim to improve bedside treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urvish Trivedi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonas S Madsen
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- b Department of Surgery , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | | | - Mette Burmølle
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mustafa M. Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:791-794. [PMID: 27794147 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. Several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neem leaf extract, 2% chlorhexidine, 3% sodium hypochlorite were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency. Agar well diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial efficacy with saline as control. The zone of inhibition was recorded, tabulated, and analyzed statistically with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics version 20 using analysis of variance test. RESULTS All the three medicaments showed well-defined and comparable zones of inhibition around their respective wells. All values were significantly higher than the control group. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between zone diameters of chlorhexidine, neem leaf extract, and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION From the present study, it can be concluded that neem leaf extract shows comparable zones of inhibition with that of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Neem leaf extract has significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and thus opens the perspectives for the use of neem extract as an intracanal medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mustafa
- Division of Endodontic, Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.BOX: 153, AlKharj - 11942 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966-11-5886240,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinheiro ET, Neves VD, Reis CC, Longo PL, Mayer MPA. Evaluation of the Propidium Monoazide-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for the Detection of Viable Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2016; 42:1089-92. [PMID: 27179593 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One limitation of DNA-based molecular assays is their inability to distinguish between live and dead cells. A sample treatment with propidium monoazide (PMA) before DNA amplification has been proposed to overcome this problem. The aim of this in vitro study was to test different concentrations of PMA coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of viable Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS Viable or heat-killed suspensions of E. faecalis (10⁶ colony-forming units/mL) were treated with PMA at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL before DNA extraction. qPCR was performed using primers complementary for E. faecalis 16S ribosomal RNA sequence. PMA was also tested on bacteria suspensions containing different proportions of viable and dead cells. Bacterial suspensions without PMA treatment were used as positive controls. RESULTS The treatment of heat-killed suspensions with PMA at different concentrations significantly reduced the DNA amplification when compared with the group without treatment (P < .0001), indicating that DNA from dead cells was not used as templates. The greatest reduction in qPCR amplification of dead cell DNA was found when 100 μg/mL PMA was used (P < .005). In mixtures containing live/dead cells, PMA allowed selective detection of viable cells. CONCLUSIONS PMA was effective in inhibiting qPCR amplification from the DNA of dead cells, enabling in vitro detection and quantification of viable cells of E. faecalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ericka T Pinheiro
- Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Viviane D Neves
- Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Reis
- Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Longo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Almeida J, Hoogenkamp M, Felippe WT, Crielaard W, van der Waal SV. Effectiveness of EDTA and Modified Salt Solution to Detach and Kill Cells from Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. J Endod 2016; 42:320-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
The effect of propidium monoazide treatment on the measured bacterial composition of clinical samples after the use of a mouthwash. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:813-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|