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Dai Y, Xuan G, Yin M. DUXAP8 Promotes LPS-Induced Cell Injury in Pulpitis by Regulating miR-18b-5p/HIF3A. Int Dent J 2023; 73:636-644. [PMID: 36522211 PMCID: PMC10509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in progression of various diseases, including pulpitis. Double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) has been found to be upregulated in pulpitis. Herein, the functional mechanism of DUXAP8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulpitis was explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS DUXAP8, microRNA-18b-5p (miR-18b-5p), or hypoxia-inducible factor 3A (HIF3A) levels were examined through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell behaviours were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay for cell viability, Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay for cell proliferation, and flow cytometry for cell apoptosis. Protein levels were measured using western blot. Inflammatory reaction was analysed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative stress was assessed by commercial kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and pull-down assay were used for validation of interaction between targets. RESULTS Cell apoptosis, inflammatory reaction, and oxidative stress were induced by LPS in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). DUXAP8 upregulation and miR-18b-5p downregulation were found in pulpitis. LPS-induced cell injury was relieved after downregulation of DUXAP8. DUXAP8 interacted with miR-18b-5p. The regulation of DUXAP8 was related to miR-18b-5p sponging function in LPS-treated HDPCs. HIF3A served as a target of miR-18b-5p. MiR-18b-5p protected against LPS-induced cell injury through targeting HIF3A. DUXAP8 targeted miR-18b-5p to regulate HIF3A level. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that LPS-induced cell injury in pulpitis was promoted by DUXAP8 through mediating miR-18b-5p/HIF3A axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guihong Xuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
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2
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Vidal CMP, Carrilho MR. Dentin Degradation: From Tissue Breakdown to Possibilities for Therapeutic Intervention. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2023; 10:99-110. [PMID: 37928132 PMCID: PMC10624336 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-023-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Presently, dental materials science is driven by the search for new and improved materials that can trigger specific reactions from the affected tissue to stimulate repair or regeneration while interacting with the oral environment to promote or maintain oral health. In parallel, evidence from the past decades has challenged the exclusive role of bacteria in dentin tissue degradation in caries, questioning our understanding of caries etiopathogenesis. The goal of this review is to recapitulate the current evidence on the host and bacterial contributions to degradation, inflammation, and repair of the dentin-pulp complex in caries. Recent Findings Contrasting findings attribute dentin breakdown to the activity of endogenous enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins, while the role of bacteria and their by-products in the destruction of dentin organic matrix and pulp inflammation has been for decades supported as an incontestable paradigm. Aiming to better understand the mechanisms involved in collagen degradation by host enzymes in caries, studies have showed that these proteinases are expressed in the mature dentin (i.e., after dentin formation) and become activated by the low pH in the acidic environment resulted by bacterial metabolism in caries. However, different host sources other than dentin-bound proteinases seem to also contribute to caries progression, such as saliva and pulp. Interestingly, studies evaluating pulp responses to bacteria invasion and inflammation in caries report higher levels of MMPs and cathepsins in inflamed tissue, but also showed MMP potential to resolve inflammation and stimulate wound healing. Notably, as reported for other tissues, MMPs exert dual roles in the dentin-pulp complex in caries, participating or regulating both degradative and reparative mechanisms. Summary The specific roles of host and bacteria and their by-products in caries progression have yet to be clarified. The complex interactions between inflammation and repair in caries pose challenges to a clear understanding of the dentin-pulp complex responses and changes to bacteria invasion. However, it opens new venues for the development of novel therapies and dental biomaterials based on the modulation of specific mechanisms to favor tissue repair and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. P. Vidal
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, 801 Newton Road, DSB S245, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Yao S, Zhou Z, Wang L, Lv H, Liu D, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Zhao G, Hu Y. Targeting endometrial inflammation in intrauterine adhesion ameliorates endometrial fibrosis by priming MSCs to secrete C1INH. iScience 2023; 26:107201. [PMID: 37456855 PMCID: PMC10344943 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common cause of uterine infertility and its histopathologic characteristic is endometrial fibrosis. A shortage of stem cells in the endometrial basalis has been recognized as a common cause of IUA development because approximately 90% of patients suffer from IUA after endometrial injury. In this study, we provide evidence that persistent inflammation is the main contributor to endometrial fibrosis in IUA patients. We further found that treating an IUA-like mouse model with ITI-hUC-MSCs (hUC-MSCs reprogrammed by IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) significantly decreased endometrial inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, high levels of complement 1 inhibitor (C1INH) secreted by ITI-hUC-MSCs prevented inflammation from inducing profibrotic CD301+ macrophage polarization by downregulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, persistent inflammation in the endometria of IUA patients provides macrophage polarization with a profibrotic niche to promote endometrial fibrosis, and the powerful immunomodulatory effects of ITI-hUC-MSCs improve the immune microenvironment of endometrial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Pribadi N, Rahayu RP, Ismiyatin K, Putri CR, Surboyo MDC. The Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum on Dental Pulp Inflammation. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:682-686. [PMID: 34416767 PMCID: PMC8630942 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveLactobacillus plantarum,
a bacterium located in deep caries, has a virulence factor in the form of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is found in the bacterial cell wall. LTA is able to trigger a neutrophils response in the dental pulp inflammation process within the first 6 to 24 hours. The quantity of bacteria is one factor influencing the increase in number of neutrophils in addition to the quality of the bacteria. This study seeks to analyze the effect of lipoteichoic acid of
Lactobacillus plantarum
(LTA-Lp) in the dental pulp inflammation by observing the number of neutrophil cells in a histopathological view.
Materials and Methods
The LTA was isolated from
L. plantarum.
The left upper molar of
Rattus novergicus
was mechanically perforated under anesthesia to induce dental pulp inflammation. The perforated tooth was then induced by 10 and 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and then restored by a temporary filling. The perforated tooth in the control group was only restored by a temporary filling. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the tooth was extracted and then stained with hematoxylins and eosin to observe the neutrophils in the dental pulp via a light microscope.
Result
The number of neutrophils in the dental pulp after induction by 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp is higher than 10 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and both controls. There were significant differences in the number of neutrophils in the dental pulp, in each group on 24, 48, and 72 hours after LTA-Lp inducing (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The LTA-Lp dose of of 10 and 15 µg/mL affected the dental pulp inflammation by affecting the number of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirawati Pribadi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Pudji Rahayu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kun Ismiyatin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Ramadhan Putri
- Bachelor of Dental Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Zhang F, Liu E, Radaic A, Yu X, Yang S, Yu C, Xiao S, Ye C. Diagnostic potential and future directions of matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid of oral and systemic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:180-196. [PMID: 34339782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a physiological fluid and an inflammatory serum exudate derived from the gingival plexus of blood vessels and mixed with host tissues and subgingival plaque flows. In addition to proteins, GCF contains a diverse population of cells, including desquamated epithelial cells, cytokines, electrolytes, and bacteria from adjacent plaques. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs), which are endopeptidases that are active against extracellular macromolecules, in GCF have been revealed as potential utility biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of oral and systemic diseases, thereby facilitating the early evaluation of malignancy risk and the monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are specific inhibitors of matrixins that participate in the regulation of local activities of MMPs in tissues. This review provides an overview of the latest findings on the diagnostic and prognostic values of MMPs and TIMPs in GCF of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, pulpitis, peri-implantitis and cardiovascular disease as well as the extraction, detection and analytical methods for GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang X, Sun H, Hu Z, Mei P, Wu Y, Zhu M. NUTM2A-AS1 silencing alleviates LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in dental pulp cells through targeting let-7c-5p/HMGB1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107497. [PMID: 33831808 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NUTM2A antisense RNA 1 (NUTM2A-AS1) has been reported to be abnormally up-regulated in pulpitis tissues. However, the function of NUTM2A-AS1 in pulpitis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and working mechanism of NUTM2A-AS1 in pulpitis using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODS 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release detection assay were conducted to analyze the viability of HDPCs. Cell inflammatory response was analyzed through measuring the protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. Western blot assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were applied to measure protein expression and RNA expression, respectively. Bioinformatic database StarBase was used to predict the possible targets of NUTM2A-AS1 and let-7c-5p, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify these intermolecular interactions. RESULTS LPS stimulation restrained cell viability and induced cell apoptosis and inflammation of HDPCs. LPS exposure up-regulated the expression of NUTM2A-AS1 and High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and down-regulated the level of let-7c-5p. LPS-induced injury in HDPCs was partly attenuated by the silencing of NUTM2A-AS1 or HMGB1. Let-7c-5p was confirmed as a direct target of NUTM2A-AS1, and let-7c-5p bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of HMGB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HDPCs. HMGB1 overexpression largely overturned NUTM2A-AS1 silencing-mediated effects in LPS-induced HDPCs. CONCLUSION NUTM2A-AS1 knockdown attenuated LPS-induced damage in HDPCs partly through targeting let-7c-5p/HMGB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Peng Mei
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Mieczkowski M, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B, Siwko T, Bujalska-Zadrozny M, de Corde-Skurska A, Wolinska R, Gasinska E, Grzela T, Foltynski P, Kowara M, Mieczkowska Z, Czupryniak L. Insulin, but Not Metformin, Supports Wound Healing Process in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1505-1517. [PMID: 33854349 PMCID: PMC8039538 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s296287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimal glycemic control is crucial for proper wound healing in patients with diabetes. However, it is not clear whether other antidiabetic drugs support wound healing in mechanisms different from the normalization of blood glucose control. We assessed the effect of insulin and metformin administration on the wound healing process in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS The study was conducted on 200 male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In the last phase of the study, 45 rats, with the most stable glucose levels in the range of 350-500 mg/dL, were divided into three groups: group I received human non-protamine insulin subcutaneously (5 IU/kg body mass) once a day, group II received metformin intragastrically (500 mg/kg b.m.), and group III (control) was given saline subcutaneously. After 14 days of antidiabetic treatment, a 2 cm × 2 cm thin layer of skin was cut from each rat's dorsum and a 4 cm disk with a hole in its center was sewn in to stabilize the skin and standardize the healing process. The wound healing process was followed up for 9 days, with assessment every 3 days. Biopsy samples were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical assays. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed significant influence of treatment type (insulin, control, or metformin) on the relative change in wound surface area. The wound healing process in rats treated with insulin was more effective than in the metformin and control groups. Wound tissue samples taken from the insulin-treated animals presented significantly lower levels of inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemical assessment showed the greatest density of centers of proliferation Ki-67 in insulin-treated animals. CONCLUSION These results suggest that an insulin-based treatment is more beneficial than metformin, in terms of accelerating the wound healing process in an animal model of streptozocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mieczkowski
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland ul. Banacha 1A, Warsaw, 02-097, PolandTel +48 600 311 399Fax +48225992832 Email
| | - Tomasz Siwko
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Renata Wolinska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Gasinska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzela
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Foltynski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kowara
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Mieczkowska
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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LncRNA LEF1-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via sponging miR-24-3p. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:161-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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An S. Nitric Oxide in Dental Pulp Tissue: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Application in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:327-347. [PMID: 32131706 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), is a versatile endogenous molecule with multiple biological effects on many tissues and organs. In dental pulp tissue, NO has been found to play multifaceted roles in regulating physiological activities, inflammation processes, and tissue repair events, such as cell proliferation, neuronal degeneration, angiogenesis, and odontoblastic differentiation. However, there is a deficiency of detailed discussion on the NO-mediated interactions between inflammation and reparative/regenerative responses in wounded dental pulp tissue, which is a central determinant of ultimate clinical outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this review is to outline the current molecular understanding on the roles of Janus-faced molecule NO in dental pulp physiology, inflammation, and reparative activities. Based on this knowledge, advanced physicochemical techniques designed to manipulate the therapeutic potential of NOS and NO production in endodontic regeneration procedures are further discussed. Impact statement The interaction between inflammation and reparative/regenerative responses is very important for regenerative endodontic procedures, which are biologically based approaches intended to replace damaged tissues. Inside dental pulp tissue, endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is generated mainly by immunocompetent cells and dental pulp cells and mediates not only inflammatory/immune activities but also signaling cascades that regulate tissue repair and reconstruction, indicating its involvement in both tissue destruction and regeneration. Thus, it is feasible that NO acts as one of the indicators and modulators in dental pulp repair or regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Diagnostic Cytokines and Comparative Analysis Secreted from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235900. [PMID: 31771293 PMCID: PMC6928984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to clarify the distinctive features of stem cells for effective cell-based therapy strategies in regenerative medicine. The expression levels of cytokines secreted from stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were examined to identify the details of their characteristics. A total of 174 cytokines were analyzed using cytokine antibody array, and their expression levels were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicated that 11 cytokines that were related to tissue regeneration, including growth factors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines, were identical in SHED, DPSCs, and BMMSCs. The comparative analyses between SHED and BMMSCs revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase-3, and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were expressed 6.7-, 2.5-, and 2.1-fold higher, respectively, in SHEDs. HGF was also expressed 3.4-fold higher in DPSCs than BMMSCs. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and-3 were expressed more strongly in BMMSCs. SHED contained significantly higher SDF-1 levels than DPSCs. The distinct cytokine secretion indicated that they had different character besides basic MSC features. This knowledge of diagnostic cytokines analysis secreted from SHED, DPSCs, and BMMSCs extends our understanding, and can provide a novel therapeutic paradigm shift for functional cell-based therapy.
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11
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Khorasani MMY, Hassanshahi G, Brodzikowska A, Khorramdelazad H. Role(s) of cytokines in pulpitis: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches. Cytokine 2019; 126:154896. [PMID: 31670007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulpitis is known as a typical inflammation of dental pulp tissue, and microorganisms of the oral microbiome are involved in this opportunistic infection. Studies indicated that several factors related to host response have a crucial role in pulpitis. Among these factors, inflammatory mediators of the immune system such as cytokines and chemokines contribute to pulpal defense mechanisms. A wide range of cytokines have been observed in dental pulp and these small molecules are able to trigger inflammation and participate in immune cell trafficking, cell proliferation, inflammation, and tissue damage in pulp space. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Y Khorasani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Aniela Brodzikowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, 00-246 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yuan H, Zhao H, Wang J, Zhang H, Hong L, Li H, Che H, Zhang Z. MicroRNA let-7c-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signal blockade. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:389-397. [PMID: 30575977 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulpitis suppressed the level of let-7c-5p that promotes osteogenesis and bone formation by repressing HMGA2. In the current study, the function of let-7c-5p in the inflammation and osteogenesis in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was explored. The level of let-7c-5p in DPSCs was up-regulated, and the cells were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. The effect of let-7c-5p on cell proliferation potential, osteogenic differentiation potential, and activity of HMGA2/PI3K/Akt pathway was detected. The administration of LPS suppressed the cell proliferation of DPSCs and suppressed calcium deposition, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of OCN, OPN, OSX, MSX2, and RUNX2 in inflamed DPSCs. The impaired osteogenic differentiation of inflamed DPSCs was associated with the increased levels of HMGA2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt. In let-7c-5p-overexpressed inflamed DPSCs, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs were restored, and the activation of HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signalling was inhibited. In rat pulpitis models, the injection of let-7c-5p agomir restored the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp cells and inhibited HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signalling. The findings demonstrated the anti-inflammation and pro-osteogenesis effect of let-7c-5p during the attack of pulpitis, which depended on the inhibition of HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongze Che
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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