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Lin HN, Chen MS, Chang PJ, Lee YC, Chen CY, Chiou YJ, Lin CK. Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gelled Barium Zirconate as Novel MTA Radiopacifiers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3015. [PMID: 38930384 PMCID: PMC11205342 DOI: 10.3390/ma17123015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Barium zirconate (BaZrO3, BZO), which exhibits superior mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability, has been widely used in many applications. In dentistry, BZO is used as a radiopacifier in mineral trioxide aggregates (MTAs) for endodontic filling applications. In the present study, BZO was prepared using the sol-gel process, followed by calcination at 700-1000 °C. The calcined BZO powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thereafter, MTA-like cements with the addition of calcined BZO powder were evaluated to determine the optimal composition based on radiopacity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and setting times. The experimental results showed that calcined BZO exhibited a majority BZO phase with minor zirconia crystals. The crystallinity, the percentage, and the average crystalline size of BZO increased with the increasing calcination temperature. The optimal MTA-like cement was obtained by adding 20% of the 700 °C-calcined BZO powder. The initial and final setting times were 25 and 32 min, respectively. They were significantly shorter than those (70 and 56 min, respectively) prepared with commercial BZO powder. It exhibited a radiopacity of 3.60 ± 0.22 mmAl and a DTS of 3.02 ± 0.18 MPa. After 28 days of simulated oral environment storage, the radiopacity and DTS decreased to 3.36 ± 0.53 mmAl and 2.84 ± 0.27 MPa, respectively. This suggests that 700 °C-calcined BZO powder has potential as a novel radiopacifier for MTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Na Lin
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - May-Show Chen
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chang
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Yi Chen
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jing Chiou
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Kwei Lin
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-N.L.); (M.-S.C.); (P.-J.C.).; (C.-Y.C.)
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Cardoso PDC, Chaves GS, Decurcio DDA, Decurcio RDA, Rossi-Fedele G, de Magalhães APR. Late discolouration of root-treated teeth and subsequent restorative retreatment: three case reports. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:179-186. [PMID: 34637558 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Root-filled teeth that receive ceramic veneers may experience subsequent coronal discolouration, which will likely negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their relationship with the clinician. This manuscript describes three cases of this undesirable aesthetic consequence in anterior teeth of young patients and the subsequent restorative reintervention, with satisfactory results. In all three reports, the root canal filling was performed using cements containing bismuth oxide that likely disassociated into reduced metallic crystals when in contact with LED light. The discolouration observed after veneer cementation was most likely caused by the accumulation of these bismuth metallic crystals. These cases highlight the importance of preventing this undesirable complication, which may also result in the potential subsequent further sacrifice of sound coronal dental structure, and the role of recall in aesthetically demanding clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Carvalho Cardoso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Esthetic, Brazilian Dentistry Association - Section of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Silva Chaves
- Department of Endodontics, Dentistry School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael de Almeida Decurcio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Esthetic, Brazilian Dentistry Association - Section of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070865. [PMID: 34356786 PMCID: PMC8300656 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.
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Baghdadi I, Zaazou A, Tarboush B, Zakhour M, Özcan M, Salameh Z. Physiochemical properties of a bioceramic-based root canal sealer reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide and boron nitride biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Manipulation of TiO 2 Nanoparticle/Polymer Coatings Wettability and Friction in Different Environments. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071702. [PMID: 32260518 PMCID: PMC7178706 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An AISI 316L surface was functionalized by the adsorption of hydrophilic epoxy and epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coatings and hydrophobic epoxy/fluoroalkylsilane-functionalized FAS-TiO2/epoxy coatings. We characterized the coatings’ wettability, morphology and average surface roughness and discussed the influence of surface wettability and morphology on the coefficient of friction and the wear resistance. Experiments were performed in dry, distilled water and in a simulated physiological solution (Hank’s solution). In the case of dry sliding, a lower coefficient of friction is achieved for both TiO2 coatings compared to the pure epoxy coating. In a water environment the same level of friction is shown for all three coatings, whereas in Hank’s solution the friction is reduced for the hydrophilic epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coating, increased for the hydrophobic epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coating and has no effect on the pure epoxy coating. The results show that the corrosion resistance is significantly improved for the hydrophobic epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coating compared to the hydrophilic pure epoxy and epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coatings.
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The Relationship of Surface Characteristics and Antimicrobial Performance of Pulp Capping Materials. J Endod 2018; 44:1115-1120. [PMID: 29861063 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulp capping materials need to be able to protect the pulp but also bond to the overlying restorative materials. Light-curable pulp capping materials bond better to restorative materials and are easier to place than most water-based cements. The aim of this study was to characterize new light-curable tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping materials and compare their surface and antimicrobial properties with clinically available Theracal (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France). METHODS The surface characteristics of 3 light-curable pulp capping materials based on a resin and filled with tricalcium silicate and tantalum oxide radiopacifier and Theracal and Biodentine were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and contact angle measurement. The radiopacity was measured following ISO 6876 standards. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the direct contact test and the antibiofilm activity by the adenosine triphosphate assay and the confocal laser scanning Live/Dead assay (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR) using a polymicrobial culture. RESULTS The surface characteristics of the materials varied with the unfilled resin and Biodentine exhibiting a hydrophobic surface. Biodentine showed significantly higher antimicrobial properties in the direct contact test, but this property was absent in the antibiofilm activity tests. The resins filled with tricalcium silicate and Theracal showed higher antimicrobial activity than Biodentine in the adenosine triphosphate and live/dead assays. CONCLUSIONS The surface characteristics of a material affect its antimicrobial properties. The experimental resin-modified materials exhibited comparable antimicrobial properties with other light-curable pulp capping agents. Further long-term studies on the materials' antimicrobial activity are required to assess whether they can result in better clinical outcomes.
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Jafari F, Jafari S. Composition and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate based sealers: A review article. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1249-e1255. [PMID: 29167717 PMCID: PMC5694156 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently a new generation of endodontic sealers has been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, Total Fill BC Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, iRoot SP, Endo CPM sealer, MTA-Angelus and ProRoot Endo Sealer. A review of literature was conducted to discuss the composition, physicochemical properties, and clinical perspectives of calcium silicate based sealers. Material and Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and web of knowledge databases with appropriate MeSh terms and keywords. A total of 71 studies were reviewed for data extraction. Results and Conclusions Calcium silicate based sealers showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer. However, its high solubility remains an important issue. They show good performance regarding calcium ion release, film thickness, and fowability. More researches are required about features of calcium silicate based sealers before recommending them for clinical applications. Key words:Calcium silicate, root canal filling materials, composition, physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jafari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jafari
- Assistant Professor, Orthodontics Department, Dentistry Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences
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Arias-Moliz MT, Farrugia C, Lung CYK, Wismayer PS, Camilleri J. Antimicrobial and biological activity of leachate from light curable pulp capping materials. J Dent 2017. [PMID: 28645637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterization of a number of pulp capping materials and assessment of the leachate for elemental composition, antimicrobial activity and cell proliferation and expression. METHODOLOGY Three experimental light curable pulp-capping materials, Theracal and Biodentine were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The elemental composition of the leachate formed after 24h was assessed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The antimicrobial activity of the leachate was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against multispecies suspensions of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 33478 and Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33399. Cell proliferation and cell metabolic function over the material leachate was assessed by an indirect contact test using 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The hydration behavior of the test materials varied with Biodentine being the most reactive and releasing the highest amount of calcium ions in solution. All materials tested except the unfilled resin exhibited depletion of phosphate ions from the solution indicating interaction of the materials with the media. Regardless the different material characteristics, there was a similar antimicrobial activity and cellular activity. All the materials exhibited no antimicrobial activity and were initially cytotoxic with cell metabolic function improving after 3days. CONCLUSIONS The development of light curable tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping materials is important to improve the bonding to the final resin restoration. Testing of both antimicrobial activity and biological behavior is critical for material development. The experimental light curable materials exhibited promising biological properties but require further development to enhance the antimicrobial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cher Farrugia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Christie Y K Lung
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Josette Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Malta.
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Clinical relevance of antimicrobial testing results for dental restorative materials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e153-e161. [PMID: 28256700 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antimicrobial activity of restorative materials is clinically relevant because all dental materials are subject to an environment containing bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the use of 2 methodologies referred to in the literature to assess antimicrobial properties of restorative materials and investigate whether material properties alter results of these traditional methodologies. METHODS A number of dental restorative materials - namely, Chemfil Superior®, Spectrum®, Heliobond®, Ionoseal®, Dyract Extra®, Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR®) and Biodentine® - were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and pH analysis. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and biofilm accumulation tests. Key factors affecting results were assessed using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Biodentine after immediate mixing and Ionoseal aged for 6 weeks resulted in an inhibition zone, while significantly higher McFarland readings were observed in the presence of barium when using materials Ionoseal, Dyract and SDR at 24-hour aging. Through analysis of covariance it was shown that material properties affected methodology results. CONCLUSIONS Properties of materials affect results of antimicrobial testing, but this may not directly reflect the antimicrobial potential of the material in question. Careful choice of methodology and interpretation of results is important.
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A Comparative Chemical Study of Calcium Silicate-Containing and Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9808432. [PMID: 28097154 PMCID: PMC5206425 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9808432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The present study assessed the chemical elements in two novel calcium silicate-containing root canal sealers, BioRoot RCS and Well-Root ST, compared to a calcium silicate-containing root canal sealer that has been on the market for several years, MTA Fillapex, and epoxy resin-based sealer AHPlus. Material and Methods. The sealers were mixed and manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. Twelve cylindrical molds (inner diameter 4 mm; height 3 mm) were placed on a glass petri dish and packed with the materials. The dish was transferred to an incubator. After 72 h the molds were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Results. BioRoot RCS and Well-Root ST had high peaks of calcium, zirconium, oxygen, carbon, silicon, and chlorine. Well-Root ST also had sodium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium peaks. MTA Fillapex and AHPlus had carbon, oxygen, calcium, titanium, and bismuth peaks. A silicon peak was also observed for MTA Fillapex, and zirconium and tungsten peaks for AHPlus. Conclusion. BioRoot RSC had the highest degree of purity. The clinical implication of metals contained in the other sealers needs to be investigated.
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Development of novel tricalcium silicate-based endodontic cements with sintered radiopacifier phase. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:967-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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