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Boppré LM, Menezes Savaris J, Catherine Maiola E, Peressoni Vieira-Schuldt D, da Fonseca Roberti Garcia L, da Silveira Teixeira C, Antunes Bortoluzzi E. Can Heated Distilled Water Effectively Prevent Precipitate Formation between NaOCl and CHX? Int J Dent 2024; 2024:6612675. [PMID: 38222303 PMCID: PMC10787650 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6612675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of different irrigation protocols using heated distilled water at 65°C (HDW), in preventing the formation of the brown-orange precipitate observed after the interaction between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Methods Forty human canines were selected, prepared, and cleaved in two halves. Images of delimited areas in each root canal thirds were obtained through a stereomicroscope (16x and 40x). After reassembly, the teeth were distributed into four groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1 (no HDW): EDTA + NaOCl + CHX with conventional irrigation (CI); G2 (HDW + CI): EDTA with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + HDW (CI) + CHX (PUI); G3 (HDW + PUI): EDTA + NaOCl + HDW + CHX with PUI; G4 (HDW + CUI): EDTA (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + HDW with continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI) + CHX (PUI). After irrigation, the teeth were re-separated and images of the same delimited areas were obtained again. Scores were assigned according to the amount of precipitate observed, comparing the initial and final images. The data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Friedman statistical tests (α = 5%). Results G1(no HDW) showed the highest scores in the analysis between groups (p < 0.001), with a greater amount of precipitate in the cervical and medium thirds (p < 0.001). The thirds of the other experimental groups did not differ from each other (p > 0.05). Conclusion The intermediate irrigation with heated distilled water at 65°C prevented the formation of brown-orange precipitate, regardless of the use of ultrasonic activation (PUI or CUI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Mendes Boppré
- Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Menezes Savaris
- Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Catherine Maiola
- Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi
- Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, Division of Endodontics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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A Comparative ex-vivo Study of Effects of Different Irrigation Protocols with/without Laser Activation on the Root Dentine's Micro-Hardness. Eur Endod J 2019; 4:127-132. [PMID: 32161899 PMCID: PMC7006590 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.49369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of different irrigation protocols, with/without laser activation, on the radicular dentine's micro-hardness. Methods Eighty-two human extracted premolars were decoronated and divided into 7 groups. Roots were longitudinally split into two halves. The micro-hardness was measured for one half before and after irrigation protocols. The groups were; G1: MTAD without laser-activation, G2: MTAD with laser-activation, G3: sodium-hypochlorite (SH) with laser-activation, G4: SH then EDTA with laser-activation, G5: SH then MTAD with laser-activation, G6: SH without laser-activation. G7: distilled water (control). In the two-irrigants groups G4 and G5), samples were irrigated first with SH then with MTAD or EDTA irrigants, which were activated by the laser. The difference between the before- and after-irrigation micro-hardness was calculated to obtain the micro-hardness difference. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample-t and Two-ways ANOVA tests at P=0.05. Results Overall, the mean dentine's micro-hardness after-irrigation (103.1) was lower than before-irrigation (116.1) (P<0.001); except for the distilled-water group, (116.6 and 112.9, respectively) (P=0.075). The micro-hardness reduction of SH without laser-activation group (32.5) was the greatest (P<0.001). The single-irrigant or laser-activation irrigation protocols caused significantly less micro-hardness reduction compared to the two-irrigants or no laser-activation protocols. The mean micro-hardness reduction of SH and MTAD groups (both with laser-activation) (5.8 and 9.3, respectively) were significantly lower than other groups, but not from that of the control group (3.7). Conclusion Using irrigants significantly reduced the root-dentine's micro-hardness. Although irrigants agitation by an Er: Yag laser significantly minimized micro-hardness reduction, it did not suppress the adverse effects on dentine micro-hardness when two-irrigants were used.
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Lima Nogueira BM, da Costa Pereira TI, Pedrinha VF, de Almeida Rodrigues P. Effects of Different Irrigation Solutions and Protocols on Mineral Content and Ultrastructure of Root Canal Dentine. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2018; 13:209-215. [PMID: 29707017 PMCID: PMC5911296 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v13i2.19287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions and irrigation protocols on the chemical and physical structure of root dentin. Materials and Methods Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected and then distributed into the following treatment groups (n=10): G1, saline solution (0.9% NaCl); G2, 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl; G3, 2.5% NaOCl + 9% Etidronate (HEBP) + 2.5% NaOCl; G4, mixture of 5% NaOCl + 18% HEBP; G5, 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 0.9% NaCl, and G6, 2.5% NaOCl + 9% HEBP + 0.9% NaCl. The ultrastructure of dentin was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) determined the chemical composition in terms of the calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) content and the Ca/P ratio; and the crystalline phase was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). A descriptive analysis was performed on the ultrastructure and the crystallography data of dentin. Data analysis included a chemical composition analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and a subsequent multiple comparison test (Tukey's test). Results Except for the control group, all groups showed morphological changes upon visualization with SEM. For EDS, G2 and G5 showed significant mineral loss and changes in the Ca/P ratio (P<0.05); the highest values of Ca and P were observed in G3, G4 and G6. Conclusion All the irrigating solutions and irrigation protocols tested promoted changes in the morphology and physical and chemical composition of the dentin. However, no significant differences were observed crystallographically.
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Gonçalves D, Vassalo AR, Mamede AP, Makhoul C, Piga G, Cunha E, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Crystal clear: Vibrational spectroscopy reveals intrabone, intraskeleton, and interskeleton variation in human bones. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:296-312. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gonçalves
- Archaeosciences LaboratoryDirectorate General for Cultural Heritage (LARC/CIBIO/InBIO), Rua da Bica do Marquês 2Lisboa1300‐087 Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra. Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - A. R. Vassalo
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra. Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - A. P. Mamede
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
| | - C. Makhoul
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
| | - G. Piga
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - E. Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - M. P. M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
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Nagendrababu V, Sheriff Sultan O, Kannathasan S, Patel AS, Chitra E, Neelakantan P, Davamani F. Root canal irrigants influence the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to root canal dentin: an in vitro study. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 43:e1. [PMID: 29487832 PMCID: PMC5816986 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro. Materials and Methods Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omer Sheriff Sultan
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Amir Shahreza Patel
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Mei L, Yu H, Muhammad I, Pan Y, Huang S. Effect of application time of maleic acid on smear layer removal and mechanical properties of root canal dentin. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:59-66. [PMID: 27796169 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1248789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of maleic acid (MA) on the cleaning efficacy and mechanical properties of root canal dentine with respect to different time exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eighty single-canal premolars were instrumented with rotary-files and then randomly assigned to test groups receiving 7% MA for 30 s, 45 s, 1 min, or 3 min or to control groups treated with 0.9% saline or 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 45 s. The micro-hardness, nano-hardness and elastic modules were measured before and after treatment, while the amount of smear and erosion in the coronal, middle and apical thirds in root canal were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, finally, the fracture strength was assessed by vertical root fracture testing. RESULTS The efficacy of smear layer removal increased with increasing MA application time. The largest effect was observed at 45 s, even in the apical third, whereas the treatment for 1 min resulted in irreversible erosion of the dentine surface. The micro-hardness and nano-indentation testing confirmed that the micro- and nano-scale mechanical properties were significantly decreased after MA application for 1 min. Furthermore, the specimens treated with MA for 3 min presented the lowest fracture resistance among all groups. In contrast, the 45 s treatment appeared to increase the fracture resistance of the tooth. CONCLUSIONS The cleaning efficacy and mechanical properties of root canal dentine varied with MA exposure time. The application of MA for 45 s was found to be the most promising for clinical use.
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Thaha KA, Varma RL, Nair MG, Sam Joseph V, Krishnan U. Interaction between Octenidine-based Solution and Sodium Hypochlorite: A Mass Spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Scanning Electron Microscopy–based Observational Study. J Endod 2017; 43:135-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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