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Jeng PY, Chang SH, Wang CY, Lin LD, Jeng JH, Tsai YL. Surgical repair of external cervical resorption - Prognosis and prognostic factors. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:377-386. [PMID: 38303835 PMCID: PMC10829651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose External cervical resorption (ECR) is an aggressive form of root resorption, which etiology is unclear and its prognosis remains unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis and potential prognostic factors of ECR-affected teeth after surgical intervention for external repair with/without root canal treatment. Materials and methods Treated ECR cases from 2009 to 2019 were collected retrospectively. The survival of the teeth and the status of root resorption were assessed during the follow-up period. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed with log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier statistics. Results A total of 42 treated ECR-affected teeth were enrolled. The two-year survival rate was 71.20% [54.16%, 93.59%]. Persistent root resorption was the main complication after treatment. Patients with multiple ECR-affected teeth had greater recurrent potential than patients with solitary ECR-affected teeth. Prolonged calcium hydroxide dressing may contribute to a more favorable clinical outcome. Gender, age, tooth position and the need for root canal treatment did not show statistically significant effect on the prognosis. Conclusion The current surgical method was able to arrest ECR in most cases. However, the case type (the number of ECR-affected teeth per patient) could highly affect the prognosis of the teeth. Clinicians should consider long-term calcium hydroxide dressing in case of pulp involvement to achieve better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chang
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Askerbeyli Örs S, Küçükkaya Eren S. Effects of different treatment modalities on biomechanical behavior of maxillary incisors with external invasive cervical resorption at different progression levels. Dent Traumatol 2023; 39:605-615. [PMID: 37424177 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of maxillary incisors with external invasive cervical resorption (EICR) at different progression levels after receiving different modes of treatment under occlusal forces using finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) models of intact maxillary central incisors were constructed and modified to include EICR cavities with different progression levels in the buccal cervical areas. The EICR cavities confined to dentin were repaired using Biodentine™ (Septodont Ltd., Saint Maur des Fausse ́s, France), resin composite, or glass ionomer cement (GIC) . Additionally, EICR cavities with pulp invasion requiring direct pulp capping were simulated as repaired using Biodentine only or 1 mm thick Biodentine and either resin composite or GIC for the rest of the cavity. Moreover, models with root canal treatment and EICR defects repaired using Biodentine, resin composites, or GIC were also generated. A force of 240 N was applied to the incisal edge. The principal stresses in the dentin were evaluated. RESULTS GIC showed more favorable results than the other materials in EICR cavities confined to the dentin. However, Biodentine alone resulted in more favorable minimum principal stresses (Pmin ) compared to other materials in EICR cavities with close pulp proximity. Exceptionally, the models localized in the coronal third of the root with a circumferential extension of the cavity >90° showed more favorable results for GIC. The presence of root canal treatment had no significant effect on stress values. CONCLUSIONS Based on this FEA study the use of GIC in EICR lesions confined to the dentin is recommended. However, Biodentine may be a better option for restoring EICR lesions close to the pulp with or without root canal treatment. Except when the circumferential extension of the cavity is >90°, the use of GIC may be more advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Askerbeyli Örs
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Küçükkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bardini G, Orrù C, Ideo F, Nagendrababu V, Dummer P, Cotti E. Clinical management of external cervical resorption: A systematic review. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:769-787. [PMID: 37702252 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review investigated whether any therapeutic options influenced the outcome of treatment for teeth with external cervical resorption. Out of 870 articles identified by an electronic search, 60 clinical case reports and six case series were included. No randomised clinical trials were found. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. External surgical intervention was the preferred method of accessing the lesions. Removal of resorptive tissue was most often achieved mechanically. Bioactive endodontic cements were the preferred materials for restoring teeth. The outcome measures were based on clinical and radiographic parameters. Of the cases included in the review, no specific treatment approach had a superior outcome in relation to Heithersay's classification. Furthermore, due to the absence of randomised clinical trials, and the low level of evidence associated with case reports/case series, it was not possible to define the optimum clinical treatment for external cervical resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bardini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Orrù
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Ideo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Paul Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabetta Cotti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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4
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Huang J, Walsh RM, Witherspoon DE, Khalighinejad N, Tam EC, Jalali P, He J. The prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of external cervical resorption: a retrospective practice-based study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5595-5604. [PMID: 37493728 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES External cervical root resorption (ECR) is a poorly understood and aggressive form of resorption. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors associated with the occurrence of ECR in patients seeking endodontic care from private practice settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 343 patients with 390 teeth diagnosed with ECR were identified from 3 private endodontic practices from 2008 to 2022. The patients' demographic information, systemic conditions, and dental history were recorded. The characteristics of the cases including Heithersay classification, pulpal and periapical status, and their management were documented. The association between case severity and potential predisposing factors was examined using chi-square analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ECR among patients seeking endodontic care was low (< 1%). However, there was a greater than twofold increase in the pooled prevalence from 2016 to 2021 (0.99%) compared to the data from 2010 to 2015 (0.46%). The most commonly affected teeth were anterior teeth (48.7%). Class II (30.0%) and class III (45.4%) defects were the most often identified. Patients with a history of trauma or orthodontic treatment were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with severe cervical resorption (class III or IV) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There has been an increase in the prevalence of ECR in patients seeking endodontic care. A history of orthodontic treatment and traumatic dental mechanical injuries may predict the severity of resorption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The upward trend in the occurrence of ECR warrants close monitoring of the patients at high risk of developing the condition to facilitate early detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | | | - Esther C Tam
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Poorya Jalali
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Jianing He
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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5
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Wang N, Zhang M, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Wu J. Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2409-2422. [PMID: 36251582 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current literature on multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR), a rare and aggressive form of external root resorption, is limited to case reports and series. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of this condition. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WANFANG was conducted using key terms relevant to MICRR, supplemented by a grey literature search. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's and Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. A total of 36 studies with 47 cases were included. MICRR is more common among younger females and may be related to hormonal changes and denosumab use. Initially, the premolars are usually affected but all permanent teeth may eventually be involved. Cone-beam computed tomography is recommended for diagnosis and assessment of resorptive lesions. The management is focused on complete removal and restoration of the resorptive tissue to maintain the tooth's structural integrity. However, MICRR usually has a poor prognosis. Due to its invasive and aggressive behavior, MICRR requires greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiang Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaye Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Chan F, Brown LF, Parashos P. CBCT in contemporary endodontics. Aust Dent J 2023; 68 Suppl 1:S39-S55. [PMID: 37975281 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional imaging modality which can aid endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. While there are guidelines available describing the indications, there are divergent philosophies on when this technology should be applied in clinical practice. This paper reviews the applications of CBCT including the clinical relevance of parameters which can be assessed, highlights the limitations of this technology, and provides guidance on how to maximise its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L F Brown
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Nosrat A, Dianat O, Verma P, Levin MD, Price JB, Aminoshariae A, Rizzante FAP. Response to the letter by Jonathan A. Mason. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00212-1. [PMID: 37061163 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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External Cervical Resorption: Relationships Between Classification, Treatment, and One-Year Outcome with Evaluation of the Heithersay and Patel Classification Systems. J Endod 2023; 49:469-477. [PMID: 36931461 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRO The purpose of this study was to identify possible associations between classification, treatment, and one-year outcome of external cervical resorption (ECR) lesions using the Heithersay and Patel systems. Performance of the Patel 3-dimensional classification system was also evaluated. METHODS A chart review identified 142 cases of ECR over a twelve-year period. Information regarding demographics, predisposing factors, lesion classification, treatment, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Inter- and intra-observer reliability analyses were conducted for both classification systems. RESULTS There were 72 cases with at least one year of follow up. 70% of these cases survived. Treatment recommendations were correlated with both Heithersay and Patel classification. There were no correlations found between one-year outcome and either classification or treatment done. The weighted reliability analysis showed substantial agreement in both classification systems for both inter- and intra-observer agreement. There was a significant association between the two systems, however the Heithersay system tended to underestimate the apical extent of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS Periodic review of ECR lesions presents as a viable treatment option, at least for one year after diagnosis. The Patel 3-D classification system is at least as effective as the Heithersay system and should be used in future ECR prognosis studies. Further long-term outcome assessments are still needed.
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Suhr Villefrance J, Wenzel A, Kirkevang LL, Væth M, Christensen J, Matzen LH. Early detection of external cervical resorption in posterior teeth: a radiographic, cross-sectional study of an adolescent population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20220223. [PMID: 36331310 PMCID: PMC9974234 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20220223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the prevalence and severity of external cervical resorption (ECR) in posterior teeth observed in bitewing (BW) radiographs in an epidemiological study of a 17-year-old patient population from community dentistry. Furthermore, to assess the potential predisposing factors for ECR. METHODS Posterior BWs from 5596 patients (2717 females, 2879 males; mean age 17.8 years) were assessed by three observers in order to detect ECR (using Heithersay's classification system, severity classes 1-4). When ECR was suspected, cone beam CT (CBCT) was offered to verify diagnosis. Prevalence was estimated based on ECR suspected in BWs and finally in CBCT. Possible predisposing factors (orthodontic treatment, trauma, and periodontal disease) were recorded and assessed for association with ECR. RESULTS In 41 patients, ECR was suspected in BWs (suspected prevalence 0.73%). 32 patients accepted CBCT examination, of which eight were verified to have ECR (final prevalence 0.18%). In 24 patients, other disease entities and abnormal tooth morphology, that had mimicked ECR in BWs, excluded ECR in CBCT. ECR severity ranged from class 1-3 in BW and 2-4 in CBCT. All but one case had not been diagnosed by the patient's community dentist. No statistically significant association between predisposing factors and ECR was identified. CONCLUSIONS ECR had low prevalence in this adolescent population, as observed in both BWs and CBCT. Still, early detection of ECR is important for treatment prognosis, and attention should be paid to this disease entity when assessing BWs obtained for other diagnostic purposes. CBCT may subsequently aid in verifying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Suhr Villefrance
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann Wenzel
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise-Lotte Kirkevang
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Hauge Matzen
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mikušková K, Vaňuga P, Adamicová K, Statelová D, Janíčková M, Malachovský I, Siebert T. Multiple idiopathic external cervical root resorption in patient treated continuously with denosumab: a case report. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:129. [PMID: 35428235 PMCID: PMC9013172 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
External root resorption is an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action. Multiple external cervical root resorptions in permanent teeth are rare. The exact cause of external cervical root resorption is unclear. It is currently well established that RANK/RANKL signaling is essential for osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Denosumab is an anti-RANKL antibody used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. RANK/RANKL pathway suppression by denosumab is expected to suppress the activity of clastic cells responsible for hard tissue resorption involving both osteoclasts and odontoclasts.
Case presentation
This case report demonstrates aggressive and generalized idiopathic external cervical root resorption that started and advanced during ongoing antiresorptive therapy with the human monoclonal RANKL-blocking antibody denosumab without discontinuation of therapy in a 74-year-old female patient treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The extent of resorptive defects was too large and progressively led to fractures of the teeth. The number of teeth involved and the extend of destruction excluded conservative treatment. The affected teeth had to be extracted for functional prosthetic reconstruction.
Conclusions
This finding suggests that treatment with denosumab may be associated with severe and aggressive odontoclastic resorption of multiple dental roots despite an adequate inhibitory effect on osteoclasts in the treatment of osteoporosis. The RANKL-independent pathways of clastic cell formation are likely to be involved in this pathological process.
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Lee YB, Tseng CW, Huang YW, Wang HH. Interdisciplinary approach for management of external cervical resorption in the esthetic zone. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1073-1075. [PMID: 35756811 PMCID: PMC9201531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Irinakis E, Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Aleksejuniene J. External cervical resorption - Treatment outcomes and determinants: a retrospective cohort study with up to 10 years of follow-up. Int Endod J 2022; 55:441-452. [PMID: 35243651 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess long-term external cervical resorption (ECR) treatment outcomes in relation to both local and treatment-related determinants. METHODOLOGY Information was available for 76 patients (98 teeth) who were diagnosed with ECR during the period from 2008 to 2018 at the University of British Columbia graduate endodontics clinic. The ECR patients were followed-up, and a clinical and radiographic examination was conducted. Chi-Square test compared failure rates among different subgroups. The survival analysis was used to evaluate the overall ECR survival/failure rates in relation to several local and treatment-related determinants. RESULTS Overall, 67 patients (89 teeth) were followed-up. The mean follow-up time was 3.9 years, and the minimum was 1 year. Twenty-four teeth failed (19 extracted, 5 not functional), and the overall probability of failure was 50.0% 8 years after the diagnosis. Significant (p < 0.05) local ECR determinants were tooth location and the Heithersay classification, and treatment-related determinants were root canal treatment (RCT) and the ECR repair combined with RCT. Treatment outcomes for Heithersay class 1 and 2 cases were better than for class 3 and 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS Higher failure rates were associated with posterior tooth location and higher Heithersay class, while RCT and ECR repair combined with RCT were associated with lower failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Irinakis
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Haapasalo
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Aleksejuniene
- Department of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Suhr Villefrance J, Kirkevang LL, Wenzel A, Væth M, Matzen LH. Impact of cone beam CT on diagnosis of external cervical resorption: the severity of resorption assessed in periapical radiographs and cone beam CT. A prospective clinical study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210279. [PMID: 34520244 PMCID: PMC8802697 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the severity of external cervical resorption (ECR) observed in periapical (PA) images and cone beam CT (CBCT) using the Heithersay classification system and pulp involvement; and to assess inter- and intraobserver reproducibility for three observers. METHODS CBCT examination was performed in 245 teeth (in 190 patients, mean age 40 years, range 12-82) with ECR diagnosed in PA images. Three observers scored the severity of ECR using the Heithersay classification system (severity class 1-4) and pulp involvement (yes/no) in both PA images and CBCT. Percentage concordance and κ-statistics described observer variation in PA images and CBCT for both inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. RESULTS For all three observers, the ECR score was the same in the two modalities in more than half of cases (average 59%; obs1: 54%, obs2: 63%, obs3: 61%). However, in 38% (obs1: 44%, obs2: 33%, obs3: 36%) of the cases, the observers scored more severe ECR in CBCT than in PA images (p < 0.001). The ECR score changed to a less severe score in CBCT only in 3% (obs1: 1%, obs2: 4%, obs3: 4%). For pulp involvement, 14% (obs1: 7%, obs2: 20%, obs3: 15%) of the cases changed from "no" in PA images to "yes" in CBCT. In general, κ values were higher for CBCT than for PA images for both the Heithersay classification score and pulp involvement. CONCLUSIONS ECR was generally scored as more severe in CBCT than PA images using the Heithersay classification and also more cases had pulp involvement in CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Suhr Villefrance
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise-Lotte Kirkevang
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann Wenzel
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Louise Hauge Matzen
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Mavridou AM, Rubbers E, Schryvers A, Maes A, Linssen M, Barendregt DS, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. A clinical approach strategy for the diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of external cervical resorption. Int Endod J 2022; 55:347-373. [PMID: 35034370 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To propose a clinical approach strategy on the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of external cervical tooth resorption (ECR) cases. To investigate and discuss the outcome of this approach. METHODOLOGY A clinical approach strategy on ECR was developed based on a retrospective observation study of 542 teeth. 47 teeth were excluded due to lack of clinical/radiographical information, and 182 were immediately extracted. This approach had three steps: diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation. During diagnosis, the medical, dental history and clinical/radiographical characteristics were evaluated. Depending on the resorption extent, ECR cases were categorized into four classes according to Heithersay's classification. During treatment planning, a treatment decision flowchart was prepared based on four main decisive criteria: probing feasibility, pain, location and extent of resorption (class), and existence of bonelike tissue. Three treatment options were applied: a) extraction, b) monitoring, or c) conservative treatment by external, internal, or combination of internal-external treatments. During evaluation, assessment of ECR progression, tooth survival and other factors like esthetics and periodontal attachment were performed. Descriptive statistical analysis of the outcome for up to ten years (for the overall clinical approach and for each individual treatment decision), was carried out with OriginLabs OriginPro 9 and Microsoft Excel 365. RESULTS A three-step strategy was developed on how to deal with ECR cases. Indicative examples of each treatment decision were presented and discussed. The overall survival rate of this strategy was 84.6% (3 years), 70.3% (5 years), 42.7% (8 years) and 28.6% (10 years). Higher survival rate was observed for external treatment decision than for internal. The success of each treatment decision depended on the extent of the resorption (class). The success of a treatment decision should be based on the long-term outcome, as a different evolution can be observed with time. CONCLUSIONS A clinical approach strategy was introduced on ECR pathosis. This strategy was not solely based on ECR class, as other important decisive criteria were considered. This step-wise approach, has a 70.3% survival rate with a mean of 5 years. This work will hopefully provide an incentive for a broader collaboration, to potentially establish a universally accepted ECR treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Private practice, Proclin Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Rubbers
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Schryvers
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Maes
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Linssen
- Private practice, Proclin Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D S Barendregt
- Private practice, Proclin Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Bergmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Ferreira MD, Barros-Costa M, Costa FF, Freitas DQ. The prevalence and characteristics of external cervical resorption based on cone-beam computed tomographic imaging: a cross-sectional study. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e39. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Diniz Ferreira
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Barros-Costa
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferreira Costa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng X. External cervical resorption-a review of pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:19. [PMID: 34112752 PMCID: PMC8192751 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) refers to a pathological state in which resorption tissues penetrate into the dentin at the cervical aspect of the root. Despite being latent in its initial phase, ECR could cause severe damage to mineralized dental tissue and even involve the pulp if not given timely diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the etiology of ECR is still poorly understood, which adds to the difficulty in early diagnosis. ECR has received growing attention in recent years due to the increasing number of clinical cases. Several potential predisposing factors have been recognized in cross-sectional studies as well as case reports. In the meantime, studies on histopathology and pathogenesis have shed light on possible mechanisms of ECR. This review aims to summarize the latest findings in the pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors of ECR, so as to provide pragmatic reference for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
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17
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng X. A Review of External Cervical Resorption. J Endod 2021; 47:883-894. [PMID: 33745945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively uncommon yet aggressive form of dental hard tissue destruction. It is initiated at the cervical aspect of the root surface and extends apicocoronally and circumferentially inside the dentin. Despite the large number of case reports and clinical studies that have investigated ECR, its etiology remains unclear. Recent advancements in clinical assessment measures, such as the use of cone-beam computed tomographic imaging, have provided additional insights into the nature of this lesion. This has facilitated the continued development and improvement of treatment methods for this condition. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research pertaining to the etiology, histopathology, predisposing factors, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of ECR. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the different classification schemes for ECR and highlight the relevant therapeutic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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