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Anjum FS, Brusevold IJ, Wigen TI. Prognosis of non-vital incisors after apexification using bioceramics: a retrospective study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024:10.1007/s40368-024-00915-5. [PMID: 38839734 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of apexification using bioceramics in immature permanent teeth, and to study the factors influencing treatment outcome and frequency of spontaneous cervical root fractures. METHODS Forty-six children with 51 non-vital permanent incisors treated with a bioceramic apical plug were included. Mean age at pulp necrosis was 9.8 (SD 2.2) years and mean follow-up time was 3.3 (SD 2.4) years. Data were extracted from dental records and included stage of root development, presence of external root resorptions, clinical signs of infection, size of periapical lesion, type and placement of bioceramic plug, and spontaneous root fracture. Treatment outcome was assessed using periapical index (PAI-score) and presence of clinical symptoms. The statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Data were cross-tabulated and tested with chi-square statistic. RESULTS Biodentine™ was used as apical plug in 78.4% of the teeth and MTA in 21.6%. Complete healing or signs of healing was reported in 86.3% of the teeth, whilst seven teeth (13.7%) were non-healed. All non-healed teeth had preoperative clinical signs of infection. No difference was found in stage of root development, presence of root resorption, and type and placement of bioceramic plug in healed and non-healed teeth (p > 0.05). Five teeth (9.8%) exhibited root fracture 1-6 years after treatment and all had very immature root development. Type of bioceramic or external root resorption was not associated with spontaneous root fracture. CONCLUSION Apexification using bioceramics showed favourable prognosis in immature permanent teeth. Very immature teeth were at risk of root fracture after apexification with bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Anjum
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - I J Brusevold
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - T I Wigen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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LaLonde L, Askar M, Paurazas S. A Novel Diagnostic and Treatment Approach to an Unusual Case of Dens Invaginatus in a Mandibular Lateral Incisor Using CBCT and 3D Printing Technology. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:107. [PMID: 38668019 PMCID: PMC11048744 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case report demonstrates the use of three-dimensional (3D) models produced from a cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) volume to develop a treatment strategy for a rare type of dens invaginatus (DI) in a mandibular incisor. METHODS A patient with DI Type IIIa presented for endodontic treatment. Following CBCT evaluation, the complex morphologic nature of the invagination required additional diagnostic tools for treatment planning. The fabrication of 3D models provided clarity regarding the treatment strategy. Treatment involved intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, nonsurgical root canal therapy (NS-RCT) of the main canal, and endodontic surgery for the DI anomaly using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bone graft, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane. RESULTS The use of 3D models provided an invaluable guide for proper treatment. Complicating factors were diagnosed and planned for accordingly. CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to appreciate the anatomical complexity, the extent, and the nature of the invagination of rare Type III DI morphology. CBCT imaging and 3D models played a critical role in the pre-treatment planning to ensure a predictable outcome. A 3D model is recommended as a diagnostic tool in treating complex cases where the DI morphology is wide, oblique, or the foraminal opening is irregular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Paurazas
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (L.L.); (M.A.)
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Banci HA, Maltarollo TFH, Martinez CMT, Rocha EA, Figueiredo RB, Garcia DCS, Constantino CJL, Spin-Neto R, Duarte MAH, Cintra LTA, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. The impact of methylene blue photosensitizer, aPDT and a calcium hydroxide-based paste on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of root canal dentin and the bonding interface of fiberglass posts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112878. [PMID: 38447252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and calcium hydroxide (CH) medication on the mechanical characteristics, degree of conversion (DC), quantification, and volume of gaps at the adhesive interface of glass fiber posts (GFPs) luted to distinct thirds of root canal dentin. Additionally, the microhardness (MH), elastic modulus (Eit), morphology, and chemical structure of the intraradicular dentin were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 experimental groups were formed by sorting 102 bovine incisors. Canals receiving deionized water irrigation as a negative control; canals receiving deionized water irrigation and filled with CH as a positive control; groups treated with CH + MB at 50 and 100 mg/L without irradiation; and groups treated with CH + MB at 50 and 100 mg/L irradiated by red laser for 60 s (660 nm; 100 mW; 6.5 J; 72 J/cm2). MH, Eit, and DC properties were evaluated for both the resin cement layer and root dentin substrate (n = 8). Volume and quantification of gaps at the bonding interface (n = 6), and dentin morphology and chemical content were investigated (n = 3). Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The distinct intraradicular thirds and treatment with MB-mediated aPDT, whether activated or not, in combination with CH, had a significant impact on the mechanical characteristics of the root dentin. This effect was also observed in the MH, Eit, DC, quantification, and volume of gaps at the luting interface (P < .05). In general, a higher concentration of MB, whether activated by a red laser or not, led to lower values in the mechanical properties of the root dentin, as well as in MH, Eit, and DC at the adhesive interface (P < .05). Additionally, these groups exhibited higher values for quantification and volume of gaps at the luting substrate (P < .05). Scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive X-ray spectra showed qualitative similarity among all groups, except for the negative experimental control group. CONCLUSIONS MB-mediated aPDT at 50 mg/L, in combination with CH, demonstrated favorable physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics in intraradicular dentin, along with satisfactory mechanical features and the adhesive interface integrity for GFPs at all intraradicular depths. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MB-mediated aPDT at a concentration of 50 mg/L combined to CH medication represents a suitable choice for photosensitization in the context of intracanal disinfection following the biomechanical procedure and prior to luting of intraradicular restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Augusto Banci
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thalya Fernanda Horsth Maltarollo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Martins Teixeira Martinez
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eloísa Alexo Rocha
- Etec Araçatuba - Public School, Centro Paula Souza Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Braga Figueiredo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Dayana Cristina Silva Garcia
- Department of Materials Engineering and Civil Construction, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carlos José Leopoldo Constantino
- Department of Physics, School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Section of Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Mosquera-Barreiro C, Ruíz-Piñón M, Sans FA, Nagendrababu V, Vinothkumar TS, Martín-González J, Martín-Biedma B, Castelo-Baz P. Predictors of periapical bone healing associated with teeth having large periapical lesions following nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment: A cone beam computed tomography-based retrospective study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:23-36. [PMID: 37974453 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several factors influence the condition of the periapical tissues associated with root filled teeth. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the extent and speed of bone healing of large periapical lesions associated with nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment. The secondary objective was to analyse the relationship between the time to complete healing when analysed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and other possible predictors that affect healing. METHODOLOGY Seventy-nine patients were treated during the years 2013-2020 with large periapical lesions of endodontic origin (10-15 mm) as observed on intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) were included. IOPAR and CBCT were available before treatment and during the follow-up (IOPAR every 6 months and CBCT every 12 months). The volume of periapical lesions was calculated by OsiriX Lite software. Variables such as initial volume of the lesion, age, gender, type of treatment or type of root canal filling were compared to identify the differences between healed and unhealed lesions. Pearson's Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, the t-test for age and the Wilcoxon test for initial volume of the lesion. The association between time to healing and the variables was assessed using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used to observe the association of healing time with categorical variables and the correlation index was measured with the quantitative variables. RESULTS Of the 79 cases analysed, 60 lesions (76%) were completely healed as verified by CBCT in a mean healing time of 19 months, of which 60% healed fully between 12 and 18 months. Increase in age of patient and larger initial volume of the lesion were associated with a significantly longer healing time (p < .001). Gender, filling material and type of treatment did not have a significant effect on the healing process (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware that periapical lesions in older patients and larger areas of bone loss take longer to heal. CBCT monitoring of large periapical lesions is critical and it can help clinicians in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mosquera-Barreiro
- Surgery and medical surgical specialties. International theoretical-practical Master of Endodontics, Dentistry Restorative and Aesthetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruíz-Piñón
- Surgery and medical surgical specialties. International theoretical-practical Master of Endodontics, Dentistry Restorative and Aesthetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francesc Abella Sans
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, College of Dental Medicine, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thilla Sekar Vinothkumar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Castelo-Baz
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Javed MQ, Khan M, Khan KI, Almutairi N. Endodontic infection control practices among Pakistani general dental practitioners: A national cross-sectional questionnaire survey. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1342-1349. [PMID: 37305026 PMCID: PMC10248868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the self-reported endodontic infection control practices of general dental practitioners in Pakistan. Methods An e-questionnaire was sent to 619 general dental practitioners in several WhatsApp groups. Sixteen questions associated with various infection control measures recommended by the ESE were asked, including the use of various isolation methods/rubber dams, the selection of canal irrigants and anti-bacterial solutions, and practices regarding hand hygiene and use of examination gloves. The e-questionnaire also included questions associated with demographics. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS-24. Descriptive statistics were documented as percentages and frequencies. Results Of 619 GDPs, 350 responded (56.5% response rate), of whom 43.7% worked in private dental practices. The majority were women (64%), had graduated after 2010 (81.1%), and were 24-34 years of age (78.9%). A total of 72.3% of GDPs used cotton rolls, and 17.4% routinely used rubber dams for endodontic isolation; 89% did not disinfect the operative field; 80% reported using different concentrations of NaOCl during root canal instrumentation; and 0.9% reported not using any irrigant during endodontic procedures. A total of 61.7% reported always using intra-canal medication during multi visit endodontic treatment, among whom 82.5% reported using Ca(OH)2. Finally, 100% of respondents reported using gloves during endodontic treatment. Conclusion The results indicated that the GDPs tended to follow some of the endodontics quality standards recommended by the ESE, but the overall implementation of all guidelines requires improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Q. Javed
- Deparment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kiran I. Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Nawaf Almutairi
- Deparment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Castelo-Baz P, Gancedo-Gancedo T, Pereira-Lores P, Mosquera-Barreiro C, Martín-Biedma B, Faus-Matoses V, Ruíz-Piñón M. Conservative management of dens in dente. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:481-487. [PMID: 37154212 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dens Invaginatus (DI) or dens in dente is an uncommon anomaly which mostly affects permanent lateral incisors, and it is very rare in molars. This article presents the conservative endodontic management of four different cases of DI and a discussion of the endodontic literature for this malformation. Three upper lateral incisors Type II, IIIa and IIIb, and an upper first molar Type II are shown. The most conservative approach possible was carried out. Three of the cases were obturated using the continuous wave technique. In one of the cases, it was possible to treat only the invagination with MTA and preserve the pulp vitality of the main canal. To make a correct diagnosis and to treat in the most conservative way possible, a DI is necessary to know its classification and use tools such as CBCT and magnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castelo-Baz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tania Gancedo-Gancedo
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Pereira-Lores
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carolina Mosquera-Barreiro
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruíz-Piñón
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Banci HA, Melo FSD, Soares LS, Spin-Neto R, Duarte MAH, Cintra LTA, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. In vitro study on how photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide medication influence adhesive interface properties of glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105757. [PMID: 36924612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study evaluated the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using methylene blue (MB) as photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication on adhesive bond strength, sealing, and integrity of the luting interface of glass-fiber posts to different thirds of endodontically treated root canal dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS 102 incisors were sorted into 6 groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with CH; CH + MB 50 mg/L without laser radiation; CH + MB 100 mg/L without laser radiation; CH + MB 50 mg/L radiated by red laser; and CH + MB 100 mg/L radiated by red laser. Push-out bond strength (n = 8), adhesive interface sealing (n = 3), and volume and quantification of voids (n = 6) were assessed using a universal testing machine, confocal laser scanning microscope, and computerized microtomography, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs were obtained from representative samples to qualify the fracture patterns. Push-out bond strength and adhesive interface integrity data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Adhesive interface sealing was evaluated by the inter-examiner Kappa test and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Assessing the apical region, the positive control and MB100WA + Ca(OH)2 groups showed lower adhesive bond strength compared to the MB100A + Ca(OH)2 group (P < 0.05). The cervical third showed higher bond strength than the apical third for the positive control, MB50WA + Ca(OH)2, MB100WA + Ca(OH)2, and MB50A + Ca(OH)2 groups (P < 0.05). A prevalence of mixed failure was observed in all experimental groups. There were no statistically significant differences in adhesive interface sealing for any of the parameters assessed (P > 0.05). MB100WA + Ca(OH)2 and MB100A + Ca(OH)2 groups promoted a higher volume and quantification of voids compared to the negative control group evaluating the cervical third (P < 0.05). In general, there were no differences in the quantification of voids comparing the intraradicular thirds (P > 0.05), differently to the volume of voids in which, in general, the cervical third promoted higher values compared to the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT with methylene blue PS at 50 mg/L associated with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication demonstrated satisfactory bond strength, sealing, and integrity of the adhesive interface at any intraradicular depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Augusto Banci
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Santos de Melo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Silva Soares
- Etec Araçatuba -Public School, Centro Paula Souza Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Section of Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Gulabivala K, Ng YL. Factors that affect the outcomes of root canal treatment and retreatment-A reframing of the principles. Int Endod J 2023; 56 Suppl 2:82-115. [PMID: 36710532 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper undertakes a broad and comprehensive synthesis of relevant clinical, biological, biomechanical, technical and healthcare services data to understand the factors affecting outcomes of periapical healing after root canal (re)treatment. The medical and dental evidence-based era (1980-present) is contextualized with the earlier evidence drive in endodontics (1911-1940) triggered by the focal infection era. The current evidence-based approach has a sharper focus on evidence quality and derivation of practice guidelines. Contrary views question whether guideline-driven, or expertise-development-driven endeavours would best serve outcome improvement in society. The endodontic discipline functions in a broad healthcare framework and sustains industrial, economic and trend pressures that may be deemed to influence outcomes. The nature of root canal treatment and the challenges in determining the factors that affect its outcomes is discussed. The factors potentially affecting periapical healing after root canal treatment are classified into pre-operative, intra-operative and postoperative groups. These categories subsume multiple elements with interactive influences, creating a complex picture, further confounded by some apparently surprising, counter-intuitive and contradictory findings. The technical versus biological conundrum in root canal treatment continues to cause cognitive dissonance. However, due reflection and cross-discipline-synthesis resolve the apparent data conflicts into a very simple, consistent and plausible picture of how root canal treatment works and the key factors that affect periapical healing. Root canal retreatment is considered mainly in the context of its differences from primary treatment as the majority of factors influencing outcomes are common to both. The exceptional difference is that retreatments have a proportionately reduced probability of healing by virtue of compromised apical root canal ramification access or modified host/infection interactions. Root canal (re)treatment outcomes are dominantly influenced by the nature of prior dynamic host/infection interaction (pre-operative patient factors) and how the direction of this dynamic is influenced by two factors: (1) the active efficacy of the operators' root canal treatment protocol to sustain a microbial ecological shift (intra-operative treatment factors) and dampen periapical inflammation; and (2) the passive ability of the functional tooth (and its restoration margin) to maintain its integrity to resist infection reversal (postoperative restorative factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Gulabivala
- Unit of Endodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuan Ling Ng
- Unit of Endodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Estrela C, Cintra LTA, Duarte MAH, Rossi-Fedele G, Gavini G, Sousa-Neto MD. Mechanism of action of Bioactive Endodontic Materials. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:1-11. [PMID: 36888836 PMCID: PMC10027099 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous search for bioactive materials capable of supporting the replacement of damaged pulp tissue, with effective sealing potential and biocompatibility, has represented the attention of studies over the last decades. This study involves a narrative review of the literature developed by searching representative research in PUBMED/MEDLINE and searches in textbooks associated with the mechanism of action of bioactive materials (calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium silicate cements). The reflective analysis of the particularities of the chemical elements of these materials, considering the tissue and antibacterial mechanism of action, allows a better understanding of the characteristics and similarities in their tissue responses. Calcium hydroxide paste remains the antibacterial substance of choice as intracanal dressing for the treatment of root canal system infections. Calcium silicate cements, including MTA, show a favorable biological response with the stimulation of mineralized tissue deposition in sealed areas when in contact with connective tissue. This is due to the similarity between the chemical elements, especially ionic dissociation, the potential stimulation of enzymes in tissues, and the contribution towards an alkaline environment due to the pH of these materials. The behavior of bioactive materials, especially MTA and the new calcium silicate cements in the biological sealing activity, has been shown to be effective. Contemporary endodontics has access to bioactive materials with similar properties, which can stimulate a biological seal in lateral and furcation root perforations, root-end fillings and root fillings, pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, and regenerative endodontic procedures, in addition to other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Gavini
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Harish, Kumari S, Parihar J, Akash, Kumari J, Kumar L, Debnath M, Kumar V, Mishra RK, Gwag JS, Singhal R, Mukhopadhyay AK, Kumar P. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Against Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Sapna Kumari
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan
| | - Jagdish Parihar
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Jodhpur Jodhpur 342001 Rajasthan India
| | - Akash
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Physics Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541 South Korea
| | | | - Jin Seog Gwag
- Department of Physics Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541 South Korea
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017 India
| | - Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
- Department of Physics Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Physics Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
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11
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Gund MP, Wrbas KT, Hannig M, Rupf S. Apical periodontitis after intense bruxism. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35331220 PMCID: PMC8951715 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruxism is known to cause masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint pain, headaches, mechanical tooth wear, prosthodontic complications and cracked teeth. Less known to the practitioner, and described only experimentally in literature, is that bruxism can also damage the pulp. To our knowledge, this is the first known clinical case of a patient developing apical periodontitis due to bruxism. CASE PRESENTATION This article presents the case and successful treatment of a 28-year-old healthy male patient with apical periodontitis on teeth 36 and 46 requiring root canal treatment after an intense phase of bruxism. Due to an unclear diagnosis, treatment had been delayed. CONCLUSIONS Incomprehensible tooth pain can be the result of bruxism. Practitioners need to be informed that intense bruxism can possibly lead to apical periodontitis. It is important, therefore, that a thorough anamnesis is collected and taken into account during diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madline P Gund
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Karl-Thomas Wrbas
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Chair of Synoptic Dentistry, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstr. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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12
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Radioimaging in the Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Vegetable Extract Obtained from Epilobium Parviflorum Schreb. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
For years, apical microleakage has been considered the main factor in endodontic failure therapy. Sealing abilities and antibacterial properties of root canal sealers and intracanal medicaments between appointments have been recognized as important factors for the success of endodontic treatment. Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease around the apex of a tooth root. The microorganisms reach the pulp by dentinal tubules especially when there is an open cavity after a coronal fracture and the pulp is in contact with the septic oral environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of healing by recording periapical index (PAI), after two appointment endodontic procedure with commercial or experimental intracanal medicament. Methods: A total of 40 patients with primary chronic apical periodontitis requiring root canal treatment were assigned randomly into four groups according to the teeth medicated with dehydrated plant extract, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide mixed with chlorhexidine (CHX) gel 2%, Walkhoff paste and obturated on a second visit, 7 days later. Patients were recalled at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months to evaluate the treated teeth both clinically and radiographically for periapical healing. A 5-score scale PAI was used to evaluate stages of the periapical healing on a periapical radiography using a Kodak Dental imaging software provided by the radio-imagistic center. Results: Radiological evaluation revealed that the experimental intracanal medicament had a cumulative positive healing capacity by reducing the PAI as well as all resorbable pastes used in endodontic conventional therapy. Conclusions: The results suggest that the vegetable dry extract obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb can be used as an inter-appointment medication among with the root canal filling for the positive effect on apical healing quantified by reducing the PAI.
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13
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Oliveira AKL, Carvalho AP, Figueiredo RB, Cintra LTA, Gomes-Filho JE, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of photodynamic therapy and intracanal medication on Martens hardness, elastic modulus and bond strength of glass-fiber posts to endodontically treated root dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102571. [PMID: 34626826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on Martens hardness (MH), elastic modulus (Eit) and adhesive bond strength of glass-fiber posts in different thirds of intraradicular dentin. METHODS Ninety-six bovine teeth were distributed into the following 6 experimental groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (Ca[OH]2); Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L activated by red laser; and Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L activated by red laser (n = 16). MH and Eit were measured using an ultramicrodurometer under load action of 3 mN (n = 8). Adhesive bond strength was measured using the push-out test in a universal testing machine (n = 8), and representative samples underwent scanning electron microscopy. Data on MH, Eit, and bond strength were subjected to normality tests and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Methylene blue PS, activated or not by red laser, associated with calcium hydroxide medication did not promote significant difference as compared to the control groups irrigated with deionized water, associated or not with the use of intracanal medication, regarding mechanical properties and bond strength (p > 0.05). Experimental groups showed no difference between the thirds regarding root canal depth (p > 0.05), except for the positive control group, in which the apical third showed higher Eit values than the middle third (p = 0.0324). There was a predominance of mixed failure in all experimental groups, excepted the red laser-activated group treated with the highest concentration of methylene blue, which showed predominance of adhesive failure. CONCLUSIONS PDT with methylene blue PS at 50 mg/L, associated with intracanal calcium hydroxide medication is a satisfactory alternative for endodontic treatment as there is no interference in the mechanical properties and bond strength among glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin at any depth of the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Arianny Késsia Lara Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Carvalho
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Braga Figueiredo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Toia CC, Khoury RD, Corazza BJM, Orozco EIF, Valera MC. Effectiveness of 1-Visit and 2-Visit Endodontic Retreatment of Teeth with Persistent/Secondary Endodontic Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial with 18 Months of Follow-up. J Endod 2021; 48:4-14. [PMID: 34555421 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of endodontic retreatment of teeth with posttreatment apical periodontitis (PTAP) performed in 1 visit versus 2 visits on the reduction of cultivable bacteria (colony-forming units [CFUs]), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and the periapical lesion volume (mm3) after 18 months of follow-up. METHODS Forty patients diagnosed with PTAP were selected and randomly divided into the following 2 groups: 1-visit retreatment and 2-visit retreatment with the placement of calcium hydroxide medication for 14 days. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans were performed at 2 stages: preoperatively and after 18 months of follow-up. Samples were collected before and after root canal procedures. A chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay test was used to quantify endotoxins (EU/mL). LTA levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL). Culture techniques were used to determine cultivable bacteria by counting the CFU (CFU/mL). The volume of the periapical lesions at the onset of the trial and at the 18-month posttreatment follow-up was obtained by the ITK-SNAP program (Cognitica, Philadelphia, PA). RESULTS All samples showed baseline values greater than those collected after the retreatment protocol for all investigated parameters. A higher bacterial load and lower LTA level were found in the 2-visit group after the retreatment protocol (P < .05), with no statistical differences between the groups regarding endotoxin levels and periapical lesion volume (mm³) at the 18-month follow-up analyzed by cone-beam computed tomographic imaging (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Endodontic retreatment in 1 or 2 visits exhibited equally favorable periapical healing at 18 months, with no statistically significant differences between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Cestari Toia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana Duarte Khoury
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Jordão Motta Corazza
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban Isai Flores Orozco
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Al-Nahlawi T, Ala Rachi M, Abu Hasna A. Endodontic Perforation Closure by Five Mineral Oxides Silicate-Based Cement with/without Collagen Sponge Matrix. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4683689. [PMID: 34539787 PMCID: PMC8443381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4683689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontic perforations are common accidents that occasionally happen as a result of misuse or difficult anatomy of some teeth; it may lead to teeth loss unless a good management is provided. Bioceramic (silicate-based) cements like mineral trioxide aggregate have a big role in management of such accidents. This case report aimed to evaluate the ability of five mineral oxides cement "5MO" in sealing two root canal perforations (furcation and postdrill perforations) and inducing clinical and radiographic healing in the periodontal tissues with/without the use of collagen sponge matrix. A 58-year-old healthy female was referred to our dental office complaining of severe pain in the upper left premolars' region. Periapical radiographic examination revealed unsatisfactory root canal treatment of the teeth #24 and #25 with a furcation perforation and a postdrill perforation, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography "CBCT" scans confirmed the findings of the periapical radiography and revealed the presence of radiolucent lesions surrounding the apex of both teeth #24 and #25. The treatment plan was a nonsurgical root canal retreatment by endodontic access through the full-ceramic crowns. After three years of follow-up, CBCT scans revealed a complete healing and bone formation on both premolars. This case report indicates the use of 5MO cement for endodontic perforations management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Al-Nahlawi
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Syrian Private University (S.P.U), Damascus, Syria
| | - Maisour Ala Rachi
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Syrian Private University (S.P.U), Damascus, Syria
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, Sa˜o Paulo State University – UNESP, Sa˜o José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Manuel RP, Tania GG, Rafael SP, Antonio PE, José BM, Asteria LÁ, Pablo CB, Alejandro LP, Pablo ÁN, Benjamín MB. In Vitro Development of a New Sponge-Based Delivery System for Intracanal Antimicrobial Administration in Endodontic Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122725. [PMID: 34205509 PMCID: PMC8233951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro performance of collagen-based sponges as a drug delivery system for intracanal antimicrobial administration. Four groups of loaded collagen-based sponges (A, 0.3% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1); B, 0.03% w/v chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX]; C, 0.3% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1) and 0.03% w/v CHX; D, 1% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1) and 0.03% w/v CHX) were designed. Release kinetics were tested in vitro on cultures in Petri dishes, and the effect on bacterial biofilms was studied ex vivo on 114 extracted human single-rooted teeth. Biofilm formation was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Collagen sponges containing amoxicillin and chlorhexidine showed a time-sustained antimicrobial effect in vitro and were also able to destroy mature biofilms ex vivo. This datum was validated by means of SEM-based study of E. faecalis and S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruíz-Piñón Manuel
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Gancedo-Gancedo Tania
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Seoane-Prado Rafael
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Pérez-Estévez Antonio
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Blanco-Méndez José
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Paraquasil Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luzardo-Álvarez Asteria
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Paraquasil Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Castelo-Baz Pablo
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Lorenzo-Pouso Alejandro
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Álvarez-Novoa Pablo
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
| | - Martín-Biedma Benjamín
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.-P.M.); (S.-P.R.); (P.-E.A.); (C.-B.P.); (L.-P.A.); (Á.-N.P.); (M.-B.B.)
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17
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Singh S. From the Desk of the Editor……the Endodontic Elixir. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:429. [PMID: 33911347 PMCID: PMC8066674 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_37_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Azarpazhooh A, Diogenes AR, Fouad AF, Glickman GN, Kishen A, Levin L, Roda RS, Sedgley CM, Tay FR, Hargreaves KM. Insights Into the January 2021 Issue of the JOE. J Endod 2021; 47:1-2. [PMID: 33339561 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anibal R Diogenes
- University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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