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Tallada AK, Ahmed J, Sujir N, Shenoy N, Pawar SM, Muralidharan A, Mallya S. Accessory lingual mental foramen: A case report of a rare anatomic variation. Oral Radiol 2024; 40:410-414. [PMID: 38523181 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-024-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mandibular nerve and the mental foramen have occasionally shown variations in its anatomy. This report aims to present a case of lingual mental foramen recognised on three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic imaging (CBCT). CASE REPORT Routine Orthopantomogram (OPG) and CBCT images were evaluated to assess the status of impact third molars in a 31-year-old female who had visited the dental clinics in our institution. The OPG image failed to reveal any anatomic variation in the position of the mental foramen. On tracing the course of the mandibular canal in CBCT images, two foramina were traced at the region of premolar. One opened towards the buccal cortical plate at the normal position of the mental foramen and an accessory lingual mental foramen had an opening on the lingual cortical bone at the same level as the mental foramen. CONCLUSION Understanding variations of the mental foramen is extremely essential in dentistry to carry out successful anaesthetic or surgical interventions and to avoid complications such as nerve damage or excessive bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kumar Tallada
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology Specialist, Olive's Dental World, Hyderbad, 500033, Telangana, India
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nanditha Sujir
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nandita Shenoy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubham M Pawar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Muralidharan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Mallya
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bruna-Mejias A, Nova-Baeza P, Torres-Riquelme F, Delgado-Retamal MF, Orellana-Donoso M, Suazo-Santibañez A, Sepulveda-Loyola W, Valdés-Orrego I, Sanchis-Gimeno J, Valenzuela-Fuenzalida JJ. Morphological Characteristics of the Double Mental Foramen and Its Relevance in Clinical Practice: An Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1277. [PMID: 38928695 PMCID: PMC11202760 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mental foramen (MF) is an opening found bilaterally on the anterolateral aspect of the mandible; it can be round or oval and have different diameters. One of the anatomical variants of the jaw is the presence of an accessory mental foramen (AMF). These are usually smaller than the MF and can be located above, below, or to the sides of the main MF. The objective of this study was to recognize the presence of AMF in dry jaws of the Chilean population and collect information about its clinical relevance reported in the literature. In this descriptive observational study, we have collected dried jaws obtained from three higher education institutions in Santiago de Chile, from the Department of Morphology of the Andrés Bello University, the Normal Human Anatomy Unit of the University of Santiago, and the Human Anatomy pavilion from the Faculty of Medicine of the Finis Terrae University. The samples for this research were obtained by convenience, and the observation of the jaws was carried out in the human anatomy laboratories of each institution by three evaluators independently, and a fourth evaluator was included to validate that each evaluation was correct. The sample for this research came from 260 dry jaws, showing the following findings from the total jaws studied, and to classify as an accessory MF, it will be examined and measured so that it complies with what is declared in the literature as the presence of AMF, which is between 0.74 mm. and 0.89 mm. There were 17 studies included with a sample that fluctuated between 1 and 4000, with a cumulative total of 7946 and an average number of jaws analyzed from the studies of 467.4, showing statistically significant differences between the means with the sample analyzed in this study; p = 0.095. For the cumulative prevalence of the presence of AMF, this was 3.07 in this study, and in the compared studies, the average of AMF was 8.01%, which did not present a statistically significant difference; p = 0.158. Regarding the presence of variants of unilateral AMF, this occurred in five jaws, which is equivalent to 1.84% in the sample of this study, while in previous studies, it was 7.5%, being higher on the left side than on the right. The presence of AMF is a variant with high prevalence if we compare it with other variants of the jaw. Knowledge of the anatomy and position of the AMF is crucial to analyze different scenarios in the face of surgical procedures or conservative treatments of the lower anterior dental region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bruna-Mejias
- Departamento de Ciencias y Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaiso 2360072, Chile;
| | - Pablo Nova-Baeza
- Unidad de Anatomía Humana Normal, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Florencia Torres-Riquelme
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.T.-R.); (M.F.D.-R.); (J.J.V.-F.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Delgado-Retamal
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.T.-R.); (M.F.D.-R.); (J.J.V.-F.)
| | - Mathias Orellana-Donoso
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile; (A.S.-S.); (W.S.-L.)
| | - Walter Sepulveda-Loyola
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile; (A.S.-S.); (W.S.-L.)
| | - Iván Valdés-Orrego
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Juan Sanchis-Gimeno
- GIAVAL Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.T.-R.); (M.F.D.-R.); (J.J.V.-F.)
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Rath DR, NC DS, Bajoria DAA, Pani SR. Cone- Beam Computed Tomography study of morphologic and morphometric characteristics of Mental Foramen in an Eastern Indian population. FORENSIC IMAGING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2023.200538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Bifid Mandibular Canal: A Proportional Meta-Analysis of Computed Tomography Studies. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9939076. [PMID: 36923560 PMCID: PMC10010879 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9939076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growing body of evidences showed different grades in prevalence of bifid mandibular canals. Because the previous reviews focused solely on patient-level occurrence, hemi-mandible-level prevalence, bilateral symmetry, length, and diameter of bifid mandibular canals were required to be estimated collectively. The research question of this meta-analysis was "What is the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal among patients seeking computed tomography examinations"? Materials and Methods In vivo, computed tomography, and cross-sectional studies were eligible. Studies, with less than 100 subjects or anatomic site restriction or controlled class of bifid mandibular canal, were excluded. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used to assess methodological quality of all included studies. Random effect meta-analyses for proportion of bifid mandibular canal were done. Results 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were selected for both systematic review and meta-analyses. Totally, 17714 patients and 31973 hemi-mandibles were included. All eligible studies showed moderate risk of bias on average. Resulting from the random effect model, more than 20% of patients seeking computed tomographic examinations had bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) which penetrated into slightly more than 14% of hemi-mandibles. Of the patients having bifid mandibular canals (BMCs), nearly 23% exhibited such anatomy on both sides of their mandibles. Estimated mean length and diameter of the accessory canals of bifid mandibular canals were 12.17 mm and 1.54 mm, respectively. Conclusion The geographical locations, classifications, reliability test, and voxel size of computed tomography were all implicated in the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals along with gender and laterality, although considerable heterogeneity and bias were detected.
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Aminoshariae A, Azarpazhooh A, Diogenes AR, Fouad AF, Glickman GN, Kishen A, Letra AM, Levin L, Roda RS, Setzer FC, Tay FR, Hargreaves KM. Insights into the August 2021 Issue of the JOE. J Endod 2021; 47:1195-1197. [PMID: 34301373 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anibal R Diogenes
- University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariadne M Letra
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Frank C Setzer
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth M Hargreaves
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas.
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