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McMillan HP, Lundy FT, Dunne OM, McLoughlin KJ, About I, Curtis TM, El Karim I. Immunological isolation and characterization of neuronal progenitors from human dental pulp: A laboratory-based investigation. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1136-1146. [PMID: 38713428 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain a population of stem cells with a broad range of differentiation potentials, as well as more lineage-committed progenitors. Such heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to experimental and clinical applications. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize a homogenous neuronal progenitor cell population from human DPSCs. METHODOLOGY Polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM+) neural progenitors were isolated from the dental pulp of three independent donors using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of neural and non-neural markers was used to characterize the magnetically isolated PSA-NCAM+ fraction. PSA-NCAM+ cells were then cultured in Neurobasal A supplemented with neurotrophic factors: dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, neurotrophin-3, B27 and N2 supplements to induce neuronal differentiation. Both PSA-NCAM+ and differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were used in Ca2+ imaging studies to assess the functionality of P2X3 receptors as well as membrane depolarization. RESULTS PSA-NCAM+ neural progenitors were isolated from a heterogeneous population of hDPSCs using magnetic-activated cell sorting and anti-PSA-NCAM MicroBeads. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immunomagnetic sorting significantly increased the purity of PSA-NCAM+ cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed expression of pan-neuronal and mature neuronal markers, PGP9.5 and MAP2, respectively, as well as weak expression of the mature sensory markers, peripherin and islet1. ATP-induced response was mediated predominately by P2X3 receptors in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells, with a greater magnitude observed in the latter. In addition, membrane depolarizations were also detected in cells before and after differentiation when loaded with fast-voltage-responding fluorescent molecule, FluoVolt™ in response to potassium chloride. Interestingly, only differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were capable of spontaneous membrane oscillations. CONCLUSIONS In summary, DPSCs contain a population of neuronal progenitors with enhanced neural differentiation and functional neural-like properties that can be effectively isolated with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley P McMillan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Orla M Dunne
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kiran John McLoughlin
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Imad About
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institute of Movement Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - T M Curtis
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ikhlas El Karim
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Xu Q, Liang R, Gao J, Fan Y, Dong J, Wang L, Zheng C, Yang J, Ming D. rTMS Ameliorates time-varying depression and social behaviors in stimulated space complex environment associated with VEGF signaling. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:17-26. [PMID: 39067986 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that medium- to long-duration spaceflight may adversely affect astronauts' emotional and social functioning. Emotion modulation can significantly impact astronauts' well-being, performance, mission safety and success. However, with the increase in flight time, the potential alterations in emotional and social performance during spaceflight and their underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated, and targeted therapeutic and preventive interventions have yet to be identified. We evaluated the changes of emotional and social functions in mice with the extension of the time in simulated space complex environment (SSCE), and simultaneously monitored changes in brain tissue of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and inflammation-related factors. Furthermore, we assessed the regulatory role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in mood and socialization with the extension of the time in SSCE, as well as examining alterations of VEGF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our findings revealed that mice exposed to SSCE for 7 days exhibited depressive-like behaviors, with these changes persisting throughout SSCE period. In addition, 14 days of rTMS treatment significantly ameliorated SSCE-induced emotional and social dysfunction, potentially through modulation of the level of VEGF signaling in mPFC. These results indicates that emotional and social disorders increase with the extension of SSCE time, and rTMS can improve the performance, which may be related to VEGF signaling. This study offers insights into potential pattern of change over time for mental health issues in astronauts. Further analysis revealed that rTMS modulates emotional and social dysfunction during SSCE exposure, with its mechanism potentially being associated with VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Dong Ming
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang H, Li L, Sun X, Hou B, Luo C. Research and development of microenvironment's influence on stem cells from the apical papilla - construction of novel research microdevices: tooth-on-a-chip. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:33. [PMID: 39023652 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are crucial in tissue engineering, and their microenvironment greatly influences their behavior. Among the various dental stem cell types, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) have shown great potential for regenerating the pulp-dentin complex. Microenvironmental cues that affect SCAPs include physical and biochemical factors. To research optimal pulp-dentin complex regeneration, researchers have developed several models of controlled biomimetic microenvironments, ranging from in vivo animal models to in vitro models, including two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional devices. Among these models, the most powerful tool is a microfluidic microdevice, a tooth-on-a-chip with high spatial resolution of microstructures and precise microenvironment control. In this review, we start with the SCAP microenvironment in the regeneration of pulp-dentin complexes and discuss research models and studies related to the biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Zhang
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Aminoshariae A, Azarpazhooh A, Fouad AF, Glickman GN, He J, Kim SG, Kishen A, Letra AM, Levin L, Setzer FC, Tay FR, Hargreaves KM. Insights into the January 2024 Issue of the Journal of Endodontics. J Endod 2024; 50:1-3. [PMID: 38000691 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashraf F Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Jianing He
- Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sahng G Kim
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariadne M Letra
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Frank C Setzer
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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