Pregnancy 5 Years After Onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Symptoms: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Sex biology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Although sex differences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have not been studied systematically, numerous clinical and preclinical studies have shown sex to be influential in disease prognosis. Moreover, with the development of advanced imaging tools, the difference between male and female brain in structure and function and their response to neurodegeneration are more definitive. As discussed in this review, ALS patients exhibit a sex bias pertaining to the features of the disease, and their clinical, pathological, (and pathophysiological) phenotypes. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that this sex disparity stems from various aetiologies, including sex-specific brain structure and neural functioning, genetic predisposition, age, gonadal hormones, susceptibility to traumatic brain injury (TBI)/head trauma and lifestyle factors.

Clinical characteristics, course, and outcomes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis overlapping with pregnancy: a systematic review of 38 published cases

OBJECTIVES

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease that can overlap with pregnancy, but little is known about its clinical characteristics, course, and outcomes in this context. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence on ALS overlapping with pregnancy.

METHODS

We comprehensively searched four databases on February 2, 2023, to identify case studies reporting cases of ALS overlapping with pregnancy. Joanna Brigs Institute tool was followed to assess the quality of the included studies.

RESULTS

Twenty-six articles reporting 38 cases were identified and included in our study. Out of the 38 cases, 18 were aged < 30 years. The onset of ALS was before pregnancy in 18 cases, during pregnancy in 16 cases, and directly after pregnancy in 4 cases. ALS progression course was rapid or severe in 55% of the cases during pregnancy, and this percentage reached 61% in cases with an onset of ALS before pregnancy. While ALS progression course after pregnancy was rapid or severe in 63% and stable in 37% of the cases. Most cases (95%) were able to complete the pregnancy and gave live birth. However, preterm delivery was common. For neonates, 86% were healthy without any complications.

CONCLUSION

While pregnancy with ALS is likely to survive and result in giving birth to healthy infants, it could be associated with rapid or severe progression of ALS and result in a worse prognosis, highlighting the importance of close monitoring and counselling for patients and healthcare providers.

Fertility Does Not Alter Disease Progression in ALS Patients of Childbearing Age: A Three Centers Retrospective Analysis in Southern China

Background

Limited data exists on the clinical features of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) during reproductive ages.

Objective

Our study characterized the clinical features of ALS and the effects of pregnancy on disease progression in patients with ALS.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of female patients with ALS in three ALS research centers in southern China from 2009 to 2021. Data regarding fertility status, and clinical and genetic features, were collected. Age-matched male patients with ALS served as controls. The patients were divided into the following two subgroups: patients with symptom onset within 1 year of pregnancy and patients with symptom onset over 1 year group after pregnancy.

Results

A total of 52 female and 52 matched male patients were enrolled. There were no differences in female and male patients in the mean age of symptom onset, the mean baseline ALSFRS-R score, or median reduction of ALSFRS-R score (p > 0.05). The mean age of first pregnancy was 25.57 ± 4.40) years. The mean age of first pregnancy in the over 1 year group was lower than that in the within 1 year group (p= 0.01). There was no difference in the median reduction of ALSFRS-R between the two subgroups. In the univariate analysis, diagnostic delay was highly correlated with the disease progression, with short delay representing rapid progress. No multicollinearity was found among every variable. In addition, 40.38% patients carried ALS-related gene variants. The proportion with gene mutations in the within 1 year group was higher than that in the over 1 year group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, SETX was the most frequently mutated gene in this cohort (16.67%) including 4 uncertain mutation.

Conclusion

Pregnancy and fertility were not associated with disease progression. Diagnostic delay was correlated with disease progression in this cohort. In addition, SETX might be a gene of concern for ALS patients of childbearing age.

FUS as a cause of familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a case report in a pregnant patient

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. In 10% the disease is familial and rarely occurs in childbearing age women. A 28-year-old female pregnancy patient presented a two-month history of dropped head syndrome, dysphagia, muscle weakness, atrophy, and lingual wasting. Electromyography supported the diagnosis of ALS. Due to family history and background, we carried out molecular genetic testing. We identified a novel variant of uncertain significance: c. 1566 G > C (p.Arg522Ser) in exon 15 in FUS gene. Our findings provide the first case of ALS onset during pregnancy with a novel mutation in FUS gene reported in Mexico.

Epidemiology of neurologic disease in pregnancy

Many neurologic diseases in women are influenced by the physiologic and hormonal changes of pregnancy, and pregnancy itself poses challenges in both treatment and evaluation of these conditions. Some diseases, such as epilepsy and multiple sclerosis, have a high enough prevalence in the young female population to support robust epidemiologic data while many other neurologic diseases, such as specific myopathies and muscular dystrophies, have a low prevalence, with data limited to case reports and small case series. This chapter features epidemiologic information regarding a breadth of neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, demyelinating disease, peripheral neuropathies, migraine, sleep-disordered breathing, and meningioma, in women in the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum stages.