Human patient simulator for training oral and maxillofacial surgery residents in general anesthesia and airway management

Emerging simulation technologies in global craniofacial surgical training

The last few decades have seen an exponential growth in the development and adoption of novel technologies in medical and surgical training of residents globally. Simulation is an active and innovative teaching method, and can be achieved via physical or digital models. Simulation allows the learners to repeatedly practice without the risk of causing any error in an actual patient and enhance their surgical skills and efficiency. Simulation may also allow the clinical instructor to objectively test the ability of the trainee to carry out the clinical procedure competently and independently prior to trainee's completion of the program. This review aims to explore the role of emerging simulation technologies globally in craniofacial training of students and residents in improving their surgical knowledge and skills. These technologies include 3D printed biomodels, virtual and augmented reality, use of google glass, hololens and haptic feedback, surgical boot camps, serious games and escape games and how they can be implemented in low and middle income countries. Craniofacial surgical training methods will probably go through a sea change in the coming years, with the integration of these new technologies in the surgical curriculum, allowing learning in a safe environment with a virtual patient, through repeated exercise. In future, it may also be used as an assessment tool to perform any specific procedure, without putting the actual patient on risk. Although these new technologies are being enthusiastically welcomed by the young surgeons, they should only be used as an addition to the actual curriculum and not as a replacement to the conventional tools, as the mentor-mentee relationship can never be replaced by any technology.

Advances in Surgical Training Using Simulation

Simulation involves the re-creation of real-life situations, processes, or structures for the purpose of improving safety, effectiveness, and efficiency of health care services: simulation provides a controlled and safe environment for training and assessment. In an age in which regulatory burdens, fiscal challenges, and renewed focus on patient safety increasingly constrain surgical residency programs, innovation in teaching is vital for the future of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) training. Of the simulation technologies in modern day health care education, many have found their way into OMS training. This article reviews these technologies, and some examples of their uses in OMS.

An Emergency Simulation Course in a Postdoctoral General Dentistry Program: The New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine Experience

Dentists can encounter life-threatening medical emergencies during the provision of routine dental care and must therefore be comfortable with the management of these emergencies. High-fidelity simulation has been used routinely in medical and surgical training and is a recognized and effective educational and assessment tool. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new high-fidelity simulation training course in medical emergency management for residents in the General Practice Residency program at New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine. In academic years 2014-16, first-year GPR residents were required to take a simulation course covering medical emergency scenarios that are commonly encountered in the dental office. The course involved a team approach to emergency management with active participation by faculty and residents and with each training session followed by feedback and a formal review of the emergencies covered. Evaluation was achieved through completion of questionnaires by the residents following each session. A total of 14 residents (seven in each year) participated, completing 78 questionnaires in the two-year period. They gave the course an overall rating of 4.91 on a scale from 1 to 5, indicating strong agreement with the utility of the course as a learning tool in medical emergency management training. This course is now fully integrated into the GPR educational program at this institution and is a successful component of the emergency medicine curriculum.