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Madanchi M, Merkel T, Juratli HA, Curatolo R. The periscope sign as a new dermatoscopy finding to facilitate the diagnosis of furuncular myiasis. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae070. [PMID: 38753878 PMCID: PMC11227735 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this text, we introduce the ‘periscope sign’ as a novel dermatoscopic finding in furuncular myiasis. This clinical sign may aid in diagnosing this rare condition, particularly in patients with a history of travel to endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Madanchi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Merkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopathology Training Center, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Curatolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Calheiros-Lobo J, Lucas A, Cunha A, Elias F, Correia J. Cutaneous wound myiasis - A possible infection in developed countries. Semergen 2024; 50:102060. [PMID: 37826927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Calheiros-Lobo
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - A Lucas
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal.
| | - A Cunha
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - F Elias
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - J Correia
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
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3
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Popović Dragonjić L, Jović A, Janković I, Miladinović J, Ranković A, Cvetanović M, Beck R, Novosel D, Pape T, Banović P. Cordylobia anthropophaga Myiasis Mimicking Hyperproliferative Skin Disorder in Traveler Returning from Sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:505. [PMID: 37999624 PMCID: PMC10674998 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is one of the most common skin diseases found in travelers returning from tropical and subtropical regions, where humans living in or visiting the African continent are most commonly infested by C. anthropophaga during the rainy season in regions with a warm climate. Here, we present a case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Serbian patient returning from temporary work in Kenya, where the initial histology of skin lesion mimicked hyperproliferative skin disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Popović Dragonjić
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrija Jović
- Clinic for Dermatology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Irena Janković
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Miladinović
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Ranković
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maja Cvetanović
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Relja Beck
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dinko Novosel
- Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Pavle Banović
- Clinic for Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases, Department of Prevention of Rabies and Other Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Akhoundi M, Mathieu A, Hannachi W, Nasrallah J, Quezel G, Blaizot R, Blanchet D, Ben Romdhane H, Epelboin L, Izri A. Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae Responsible for Wound Myiasis in French Guiana. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2575. [PMID: 37568937 PMCID: PMC10416906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infection caused by the larvae of true flies (Diptera). We came across a rather rare case of myiasis in an immunocompetent 34-year-old man from French Guiana with advanced wound myiasis masquerading as cavitary myiasis and a history of cholesteatoma surgery in the left ear. The Diptera larvae responsible for the disease were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular approaches as Cochliomyia hominivorax. We underline the importance of this parasitosis as the second case of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax and the first case of wound myiasis in this overseas department of France and its incidence in pre-urban areas of the capital, Cayenne, in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Groupe d’Étude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane, Rémire-Montjoly 97354, French Guiana
| | - Wajih Hannachi
- ENT Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Jade Nasrallah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guillaume Quezel
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Parasitology Mycology Universitary Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | | | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
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Bambaradeniya YTB, Magni PA, Dadour IR. Traumatic sheep myiasis: A review of the current understanding. Vet Parasitol 2023; 314:109853. [PMID: 36577285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis, or the infestation of live humans and vertebrate animals by dipterous larvae, is a health issue worldwide. The economic impact and potential threat to animal health and wellbeing of this disease under the animal husbandry sector is considerable. Sheep are a highly vulnerable livestock category exposed to myiasis (sheep strike), due to several unique predisposing factors that attract flies. The successful mitigation of this disease relies on a thorough understanding of fly population dynamics associated with the change in weather patterns and the evaluation of this disease through different branches of science such as chemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology. The present review provides a summary of the existing knowledge of strike in sheep, discussed in relation to the application of volatile organic compounds, metagenomics, and molecular biology, and their use regarding implementing fly control strategies such as traps, and to increase the resilience of sheep to this disease through improving their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T B Bambaradeniya
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - P A Magni
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch University Singapore, King's Centre, Singapore.
| | - I R Dadour
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Source Certain, PO Box 1570, Wangara DC, Western Australia 6947, Australia.
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Yaumil N, Adriani A, Djamaluddin W, Amin S, Vitayani S, Kadir D, Putri RTAD. Childhood Furuncular Cutaneous Myiasis Associated with Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is a parasitic infection caused by dipterous fly larvae that can affect various organs in both human and animals. Cutaneous myiasis is the most common type of myiasis and can be classified into three categories, localized furuncular myiasis, migratory myiasis, and wound myiasis. One of the risk factors for myiasis is seborrheic dermatitis. The definitive treatment for the condition requires complete extraction of larvae, in combination with oral therapy, and localized occlusion to promote hypoxia. This paper reports a case of a 12-year-old girl with furuncular cutaneous myiasis associated with seborrheic dermatitis on the occipital region that showed significant improvements after manual extraction of larvae after local anesthesia injection of 2% lidocaine on the base of the lesion, in combination with oral and topical therapies
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Deslandes V, Haney C, Bernard K, Desjardins M. Ignatzschineria indica bacteremia in a patient with a maggot-infested heel ulcer: a case report and literature review. Access Microbiol 2019; 2:acmi000078. [PMID: 33062937 PMCID: PMC7525056 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An elderly patient was admitted with sepsis to a community hospital. The individual was found to have a foot wound infested with maggots, and clinical evidence of cellulitis. A blood culture was positive on day 2 with Ignatzschineria indica . The patient was treated successfully with a combination of antibiotics and manual removal of the maggots. Poor living conditions were central to his presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deslandes
- University of Ottawa, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Colleen Haney
- University of Ottawa, Department of Surgery, Pembroke Regional Hospital, Pembroke, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kathryn Bernard
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Health Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marc Desjardins
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
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Abstract
Myiasis is defined as an infestation of the organs or tissues of live vertebrates (humans or animals) by dipterous larvae, commonly referred to as maggots. Wound myiasis is a common presentation in the emergency department. The presence of wild maggots and larvae in wounds is concerning for subsequent myiasis-induced infections and complications. Proper extraction of wild maggots and larvae is required to avoid complications that may occur with wound myiasis. Surgical debridement is often utilized to extract wild maggots and larvae, but can be painful and time-consuming. There is limited literature available on alternative approaches for removal of wild maggots and larvae. We present a case of lower extremity wound myiasis that had wild maggots and larvae successfully removed with no complications using ether. This procedure is a novel, noninvasive, and pain-free way to extract wild maggots and larvae from wound myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Wein
- Department of Pharmacy, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alison Paplaskas
- Emergency Medicine, Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Suprat Saely
- Department of Pharmacy, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Patel BC, Ostwal S, Sanghavi PR, Joshi G, Singh R. Management of Malignant Wound Myiasis with Ivermectin, Albendazole, and Clindamycin (Triple Therapy) in Advanced Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Palliat Care 2018; 24:459-464. [PMID: 30410258 PMCID: PMC6199823 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_112_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myiasis, tissue infestation by housefly larvae, is commonly found in malignant fungating wounds of cancer patients from climatic condition and lower socio-economic strata. AIM OF STUDY It was aimed to study the effectiveness of systemic Ivermectin, Albendazole& Clindamycin (Triple Therapy) in reducing signs & symptoms associated with maggots in malignant head and neck wounds. METHOD 25 adult, advanced head and neck cancer patients presenting with maggots either from wound, oral cavity or nostril, with ECOG score 3 or less were enrolled in this study. Symptoms were assessed using Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and wound by Wound Assessment Tool - Hospice, at baseline and then Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. All patients received 3 days course of oral Ivermectin 12 mg per day, Albendazole 400 mg twice per day and Clindamycin 300 mg three times per day for 5 days along with Terpentine oil dressing. All patients received oral Morphine as per their pain score. RESULTS Mean age (yrs) and weight (Kg) were 42.15 ± 8.23 and 52.31 ± 5.18 respectively. 84% patients were male. Mean oral morphine dose was 100.38 mg. There was significant decrease in number of maggots from day 0 (77.28 ± 13.465) to day 1 (20.60 ± 7.263; 73.34% reduction) to day 3 (1.52 ± 2.104; 92.62% reduction). We found statistically significant improvement (P = <0.05) in scores of wound and all other related symptoms on days 1, 3, 5 & 7, except bleeding, edema, nausea, anxiety, appetite loss and feeling of wellbeing, which remained same on Day 1, but improved afterward. Side effects were self-limiting. CONCLUSION Systemic treatment with Ivermectin, Albendazole and Clindamycin (Triple Therapy) enhances the removal of maggots, early recovery and relief from distress and associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna C Patel
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrenik Ostwal
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priti R Sanghavi
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Geeta Joshi
- Community Oncology Center, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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Devambez H, Richeux M, Guericolas M, Choquet C, Casalino E, Ghazali AD. Eyelid inflammation: An uncommon cause in occidental countries. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1789.e3-1789.e5. [PMID: 28888529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis designates the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous (two-winged) larvae (maggots) and is the fourth most common travel-associated skin disease. Furuncle is the most common aspect of cutaneous myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION A 24-year-old Caucasian female had been back from Cap-Vert. She described pruritus, slight pain, and the sensation of a foreign body moving in the eyelid. Physical examination showed a single furuncle-like nodule with surrounding erythema and a central pore of the upper eyelid through which a serosanguinous fluid was exuding. A larval end was visible to the naked eye through the aforementioned pore. Treatment consisted of the application of petroleum jelly (Vaseline®) to produce localized hypoxia. A transparent occlusive dressing was set for a duration of 2 h. The larva, Cordylobia antropophaga, spontaneously externalized to breathe and was extracted. DISCUSSION There is an increase in travelers returning from tropical countries. Consequently, travel-associated dermatoses are increasing in non-endemic countries. Context of travel and typical clinical presentation strongly suggested to evoke a cutaneous myiasis. The typical furuncular lesion is a papule or nodule with a central punctum that exudes serosanguinous or purulent fluid. Ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment consists of three techniques: methods producing localized hypoxia to force emergence of the larvae, application of toxic substances to the eggs and larvae, and mechanical or surgical debridement. Surgery and antibiotics are usually unnecessary. Prevention of furunculous myiasis is based on vector control and individual actions to improve hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Devambez
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Richeux
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Choquet
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Casalino
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center - EA 7335 REMES, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Aiham Daniel Ghazali
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; Ilumens - Simulation laboratory, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.
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Song SM, Kim SW, Goo YK, Hong Y, Ock M, Cha HJ, Chung DI. A Case of Furuncular Myiasis Due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:327-331. [PMID: 28719958 PMCID: PMC5523899 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A fly larva was recovered from a boil-like lesion on the left leg of a 33-year-old male on 21 November 2016. He has worked in an endemic area of myiasis, Uganda, for 8 months and returned to Korea on 11 November 2016. The larva was identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga by morphological features, including the body shape, size, anterior end, posterior spiracles, and pattern of spines on the body. Subsequent 28S rRNA gene sequencing showed 99.9% similarity (916/917 bp) with the partial 28S rRNA gene of C. anthropophaga. This is the first imported case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Korean overseas traveler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Meesun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Kollipara R, Peranteau AJ, Nawas ZY, Tong Y, Woc-Colburn L, Yan AC, Lupi O, Tyring SK. Emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations: Fungal, helminthic, protozoan and ectoparasitic infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:19-30. [PMID: 27317513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given increased international travel, immigration, changing climate conditions, and the increased incidence of iatrogenic immunosuppression, fungal, protozoan, helminthic, and ectoparasitic infections that were once uncommon are being seeing more frequently in the Western hemisphere. However, the diagnosis and management of these infections is fraught with a lack of consistency because there is a dearth of dermatology literature on the cutaneous manifestations of these infections. In addition, delays in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can lead to significant patient morbidity and mortality. We review the epidemiology, cutaneous manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for emerging fungal, protozoan, helminthic, and ectoparasitic infections. It should be noted, however, that throughout this review we cite statistics documenting their increased incidence to back-up these infections as emerging, and although some of the diagnoses are clinical, others rely on newer laboratory tests, and the possibility exists that the increased incidence could be caused by better detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kollipara
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | | | | | - Yun Tong
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas
| | - Laila Woc-Colburn
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Albert C Yan
- Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Lupi
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro and Policlinica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Rosolen B, Martinot M, Argemi X, Abou-Bacar A, Christmann D, Hansmann Y, Lefebvre N. Cayor worm removal... made simple! J Travel Med 2016; 23:taw025. [PMID: 27147732 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Rosolen
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France, Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, 39 avenue de la Liberté, Colmar, France and
| | - Martin Martinot
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, 39 avenue de la Liberté, Colmar, France and
| | - Xavier Argemi
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ahmed Abou-Bacar
- Department of Parasitology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Christmann
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Lefebvre
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
Myiasis, the infestation of tissues of live humans and other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae (maggots), is a phenomenon of widespread occurrence throughout the tropical regions of the world. It is commonly seen in domestic and wild animals but occurs rarely in man also. The tissue invasion in man by maggots is generally a well-recognized complication of neglected wounds. The condition may be asymptomatic but occasionally results in more or less severe problems and even death when larvae invade body cavities or areas that forbid their direct visual examination. Many cases of myiasis, however, usually do not reach the attention of medical practitioners because of the tendency of the mature larvae to migrate out of the lesion for pupation. In the present study, the authors reviewed the past literature describing the cases of human myiasis, causative fly species and predisposing factors for the onset of the same. The aim of the present manuscript is to provide a database for the future reference of medical entomologists, medical practitioners and veterinarians. Review of literature revealed that 37 fly species belonging to ten families were responsible worldwide for the onset of human myiasis. The incidence of myiasis among humans can be correlated to increasing fly populations, poor hygienic conditions and presence of domestic animals in the close vicinity. Other factors responsible for myiasis include neglected open wounds and foul-smelling discharge from natural body openings. Moreover, ignorance plays a key role in its occurrence since people are generally unaware about the actual cause and often correlate the condition to their superstitious beliefs. It is emphasized that the patients should not neglect their wounds and should take proper medical care; otherwise, myiasis may supervene.
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Wound and Conjunctival Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata: A Case Report. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pezzi M, Cultrera R, Chicca M, Leis M. Furuncular Myiasis Caused by Cordylobia rodhaini (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A Case Report and a Literature Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:151-155. [PMID: 26336299 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some African flies may cause myiasis not only in animals but also in humans, representing a serious health problem for the local population and for tourists. We report a rare case of furuncular myiasis due to larvae of Lund's fly Cordylobia rodhaini Gedoelst (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a species which usually parasitizes small mammals. The myiasis was diagnosed in Italy in a tourist guide who travelled in Central African rainforests of Uganda. The clinical case and the morphological criteria used for species identification are described here, together with a review of all literature cases of human furuncular myiasis due to C. rodhaini.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Cultrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. Corresponding author,
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Pseudo-Romaña Sign Due to Botfly Infestation. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014; 22:180-184. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182910363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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West JK. Simple and effective field extraction of human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, using a venom extractor. Wilderness Environ Med 2012; 24:17-22. [PMID: 23246347 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
After a trip to Belize, a 25-year-old man noticed an erythematous papule on his upper right chest that enlarged over a 6-week period and formed a central aperture. The patient reported feeling movement and intermittent lancinating pains under the skin. The history and examination were consistent with cutaneous myiasis, likely secondary to the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis. The objective of reporting this case is to present a simple method of extraction of a botfly larva using a commercial venom extractor. The patient's upper chest was prepared, and an occlusive dressing was placed over the lesion for 30 minutes. The Extractor Pump (Sawyer Products, Safety Harbor, FL) was applied and activated, and the larva was rapidly extracted completely intact with no significant discomfort to the patient. The wound fully healed without complication. D hominis is a common etiology of cutaneous myiasis endemic to Belize. The larva burrows under the skin of mammals where it develops for a period of weeks before erupting and falling to the soil to pupate. The diagnosis and treatment of botfly infestation is pertinent to doctors in the United States as Central and South America are common travel destinations for North Americans. In this case, a commercially available venom extractor was demonstrated to be a safe, noninvasive, and painless method for botfly extraction in the field without use of hospital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K West
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, 1412 Cherry Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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Pérez-Caballero A, Garduño-Eseverri E, Nicolás-Olivera R, Pérez-Bote JL. Lesión cutánea de etiología poco frecuente. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:346-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Oral myiasis is a rare condition in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, severe halitosis, mouth breathing during sleep, mental handicap, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, anterior open bite, incompetent lips, and other conditions. In this report, a 14 year-old boy who had an orofacial trauma in the maxillary dentoalveolar region,which was neglected, has been described. There was a deep lacerated wound on the upper vestibule which was infected and maggots were found on the same wound. The clinical features, management, treatment are discussed and relevant literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Raghunath Reddy
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, S. J. M. Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarajappa Das
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, S. J. M. Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - M. R. Vivekananda
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India
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Pessoa L, Galvão V. Myiasis infestation in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr.04.2011.4124. [PMID: 22689555 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2011.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral myiasis is a rare manifestation in humans and is vulnerable to attack in conditions leading to persistent mouth opening along with poor oral hygiene, suppurating lesions and cancerous wound, mainly in tropical countries. Myiasis is diagnosed clinically based on the presence of maggots and traditional management is the mechanical removal of the larvae. This is a case report of myiasis in a 44-year-old man diagnosed with invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. The treatment consisted of manual removal of the larvae and cleaning with aqueous chlorhexidin 0.12%. The patient's management was antisepsis, larval removal and general care, performed weekly. The patient died 2 months later. The management of patients by healthcare service and hygiene orientations is recommended to prevent oral myiasis infestation, mainly in patients living in fly breeding habitats and who do not comply with basic oral hygiene measures, which may be make individuals more prone to develop myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pessoa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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Effectiveness of wound cleansing treatments on maggot (Diptera, Calliphoridae) mortality. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 210:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ribeiro MC, Pepato ADO, De Matos FP, Sverzut CE, Abrahão AAC, Trivellato AE. Oral myiasis in an elderly patient. Gerodontology 2010; 29:e1136-9. [PMID: 21029155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by eggs or maggots of flies of the order of Diptera. It occurs mainly in the Tropics and is associated with inadequate public and personal hygiene. Oral myiases in an older man appears to be rare. OBJECTIVE To relate a case of oral myiases in a debilitated older man treated by mechanical removal of the maggots, identifying the adult insect that caused the infestation. METHODS The diagnosis of oral myiasis was established by the clinical examination and it was detected that the infestation involved only soft tissue and the sinus cavity. The patient was submitted to two mechanical removal of the visible maggots. RESULTS Total of 110 maggots was removed from the oral cavity of the patient and adult insects was identified as belonging to the Calliphoridae Family, Cochliomyia hominivorax species. The patient died two days after the second procedure by severe systemic complications. CONCLUSIONS The mechanic removal and the identification of the maggots must be adopted as soon as possible to prevent further tissue damage and bacterial infection in cases of oral myiasis. Special attention should be given to the debilitated old patients that are particularly susceptible to oral myiasis infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Campos Ribeiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Romli A, Agoumi A, Hamoutahra A, Zerhouni H, Nakari K, Lahlou M, Ettayebi F, Tligui H. [Myiasis of the scalp due to Wohlfahrtia magnifica]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010; 137:560-1. [PMID: 20804903 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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