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Lee CH. Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteoprotegerin-Fc in MC3T3-E1 cells: beyond challenges to success. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2024; 31:133-134. [PMID: 38957364 PMCID: PMC11215253 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2024.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
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Eom YJ, Kim JW, Rim YA, Lim J, Jung SI, Ju JH. Effects of stepwise administration of osteoprotegerin and parathyroid hormone-related peptide DNA vectors on bone formation in ovariectomized rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2477. [PMID: 38291053 PMCID: PMC10827729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that impairs bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and strength. It requires continuous management, and further research into new treatment options is necessary. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits bone resorption and osteoclast activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of stepwise administration of OPG-encoded minicircles (mcOPG) and a bone formation regulator, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-encoded minicircles (mcPTHrP) in osteoporosis. The combined treatment with mcOPG and mcPTHrP significantly increased osteogenic marker expression in osteoblast differentiation compared with the single treatment groups. A model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established in 12-week-old female rats through ovariectomy (OVX). After 8 weeks of OVX, mcOPG (80 µg/kg) was administered via intravenous injection. After 16 weeks of OVX, mcPTHrP (80 µg/kg) was injected once a week for 3 weeks. The bone microstructure in the femur was evaluated 24 weeks after OVX using micro-CT. In a proof-of-concept study, stepwise treatment with mcOPG and mcPTHrP on an OVX rat model significantly improved bone microstructure compared to treatment with mcOPG or mcPTHrP alone. These results suggest that stepwise treatment with mcOPG and mcPTHrP may be a potential treatment for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Eom
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Woon Kim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jooyoung Lim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se In Jung
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center (CiRC), CiSTEM Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mohaghegh S, Alirezaei F, Ahmadi N, Kouhestani F, Motamedian SR. Application of chemical factors for acceleration of consolidation phase of the distraction osteogenesis: a scoping review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 27:559-579. [PMID: 35852720 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the effect of injecting chemical factors compared to conventional distraction osteogenesis (DO) treatment on the bone formation of the distracted area of the maxillofacial region in human and animal studies. METHOD Electronic search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane database for studies published until September 2021. The studies' risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations and NIH quality assessment tools. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the difference in the amount of bone formation and maximal load tolerance. RESULTS Among a total of 58 included studies, eight studies analyzed the bone formation rate of the distracted area in human models and others in animal models. Results of the human studies showed acceptable outcomes in the case of using bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), autologous bone-platelet gel, and calcium sulfate. However, using platelet reach plasma does not increase the rate of bone formation significantly. Quantitative analyses showed that both BMP-2 (SMD = 26.57; 95% CI = 18.86 to 34.28) and neuron growth factor (NGF) (SMD = 16.19; 95% CI = 9.64 to 22.75) increase the amount of bone formation. Besides, NGF increased the amount of load tolerance significantly (SMD = 30.03; 95% CI = 19.91 to 40.16). Additionally, BMP-2 has no significant impact on the post-treatment maxillary length (SMD = 9.19; 95% CI = - 2.35 to 20.73). CONCLUSION Limited number of human studies with low quality used chemical factors to enhance osteogenesis and showed acceptable results. However, more studies with higher quality are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Mohaghegh
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences and Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alirezaei
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Ahmadi
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences and Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kouhestani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences and Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
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Experimental Design of Vertical Distraction Osteogenesis Using Simple 3 Screws. J Craniofac Surg 2023:00001665-990000000-00559. [PMID: 36775875 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis devices are complicated. To simplify these devices, we used 3 simple screws and 1 rubber band to realize the idea and analyzed histologic changes induced by mechanical forces. Ten female New Zealand white rabbits were studied. A left or right side of the mandible was randomly selected as the experimental side (ES). The unilateral mandible was distracted, and 2 fixation screws and 1 traction screw were implanted. When the traction screw was rotated downward, the opposite force made the osteotomy block move in opposite directions to increase the bone height. The control side (CS) was not processed. The results were assessed after 20 days of traction. Bone height in the ES increased by 5 mm. Toluidine blue staining showed that the number of osteoblasts per unit area on the ES was higher than that of the CS (P<0.01). PerkinElmer showed that the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P=0.016) and collagen-I (P=0.000) on the ES were higher than those on the CS. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus on the ES was significantly greater than the CS. The results confirmed that the 3 screws vertically increase the bone height. Mechanical force signals stimulate tissue activity and lead to significant cell proliferation and differentiation in the traction zone. Collagen-I may induce osteogenesis in the early stage of traction.
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Lim DH, Lee EJ, Kwon OC, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Youn J, Kim TH, Kim YG. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibition on spinal inflammation and spinal ankylosis in SKG mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18000. [PMID: 31784598 PMCID: PMC6884438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent spinal progression in ankylosing spondylitis, initiating TNF-inhibitor treatment as early as possible is suggested. However, the outcomes are inconsistent in previous clinical studies. Here, we investigated the effect of TNF inhibition alone on spinal progression when used during arthritis development in a murine model. We injected 8-week-old SKG mice with curdlan (curdlan group). We injected adalimumab at 3 and 9 weeks after the first curdlan injection (ADA group). The clinical scores of peripheral arthritis decreased in the ADA group at 3 weeks after first adalimumab injection. Using positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging and histologic examination, spinal inflammation was observed in the curdlan group, and was significantly deceased in the ADA group. However, spinal osteoblast activities by imaging using OsteoSense 680 EX and bone metabolism-related cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin, Dickkopf-1, and sclerostin levels except IL-17A level were not different between the two groups. We conclude that treating TNF inhibitor alone reduced peripheral arthritis score and spinal inflammation in curdlan-injected SKG mice but did not decrease the spinal osteoblast activity, suggesting little effect on spinal ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Ho Lim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Papassava M, Nakou I, Siomou E, Cholevas V, Challa A, Tzoufi M. Vitamin D supplementation and bone markers in ambulatory children on long-term valproic acid therapy. A prospective interventional study. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:192-196. [PMID: 31252278 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to investigate any adverse effects of long-term valproic acid (VPA) therapy on bone biochemical markers in ambulatory children and adolescents with epilepsy, and the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation on the same markers. METHODS In this single center, the prospective interventional study levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the bone turnover indices of Crosslaps (CTX), total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator for nuclear factor kB (RANK) ligand (sRANKL) were assessed before and after one year of vitamin D intake (400 IU/d) and were compared with those of clinically healthy controls. Fifty-four ambulatory children with mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age 9.0 ± 4.5 yrs on VPA (200-1200 mg/d) long-term monotherapy (mean: 3.2 ± 2.6 yrs) were studied, before and after a year's vitamin D intake (400 IU/d). RESULTS Nearly half of the cases were vitamin D insufficient/deficient with mean levels 23.1 ± 12.8 vs 31.8 ± 16.2 ng/mL of controls (p = 0.004) and after the year of vitamin D intake increased to 43.2 ± 21.7 ng/mL (p < 0.0001). In parallel, serum CTX and tALP had a decreasing trend approaching control levels but OPG and sRANKL did not change and were not different from controls. However, after vitamin D intake, a positive correlation was seen between 25OHD and OPG but not before. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply a higher bone turnover in the young patients on long-term VPA therapy that decreased after vitamin D intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliada Nakou
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
| | - Vasileios Cholevas
- Pediatric Research Laboratory, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
| | - Anna Challa
- Pediatric Research Laboratory, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
| | - Meropi Tzoufi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: Its potential utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:115-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Jayash SN, Hashim NM, Misran M, Baharuddin NA. Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3513. [PMID: 28674665 PMCID: PMC5494162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used for the systemic treatment of bone diseases, although it has many side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel for local application to repair bone defects. Recent studies have reported that immunodetection of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) can be used to characterise osteogenesis and new bone formation. METHODS The osteogenic potential of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated in rabbits. Critical-sized defects were created in the calvarial bone, which were either left unfilled (control; group I), or filled with chitosan gel (group II) or OPG-chitosan gel (group III), with rabbits sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone samples from the surgical area were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC, OPN, and cathepsin K (osteoclast marker) antibodies. The toxicity of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated by biochemical assays (liver and kidney function tests). RESULTS The mean bone growth in defects filled with the OPG-chitosan gel was significantly higher than those filled with the chitosan gel or the unfilled group (p < 0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks, the highest levels of OC and OPN markers were found in the OPG-chitosan gel group, followed by the chitosan gel group. The number of osteoclasts in the OPG-chitosan gel group was lower than the other groups. The results of the liver and kidney functional tests indicated no signs of harmful systemic effects of treatment. In conclusion, the OPG-chitosan gel has many characteristics that make it suitable for bone repair and regeneration, highlighting its potential benefits for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher N Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry/Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah M Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy/Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre For Natural Products And Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry/Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Baharuddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry/Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yang Y, Lin S, Wang B, Gu W, Li G. Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis: A contemporary review of experimental studies. Bone Joint Res 2017. [PMID: 28634158 PMCID: PMC5492338 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.bjr-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Distraction osteogenesis (DO) mobilises bone regenerative potential and avoids the complications of other treatments such as bone graft. The major disadvantage of DO is the length of time required for bone consolidation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to promote bone formation with some good results. Methods We hereby review the published literature on the use of MSCs in promoting bone consolidation during DO. Results Studies differed in animal type (mice, rabbit, dog, sheep), bone type (femur, tibia, skull), DO protocols and cell transplantation methods. Conclusion The majority of studies reported that the transplantation of MSCs enhanced bone consolidation or formation in DO. Many questions relating to animal model, DO protocol and cell transplantation regime remain to be further investigated. Clinical trials are needed to test and confirm these findings from animal studies. Cite this article: Y. Yang, S. Lin, B. Wang, W. Gu, G. Li. Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis: A contemporary review of experimental studies. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:385–390. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.BJR-2017-0023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Key Laboratory, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, No. 288 Yanling East Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - W Gu
- Department of Traumatology, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, No. 288 Yanling East Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Jayash SN, Hashim NM, Misran M, Baharuddin NA. Formulation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:398-407. [PMID: 27684563 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a critical role in bone remodelling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel. The OPG-chitosan gel was formulated using human OPG protein and water-soluble chitosan. The physicochemical properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gel morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then it was subjected to a protein release assay and biodegradability test. An in vitro cytotoxicity test on normal human periodontal ligament (NHPL) fibroblasts and normal human (NH) osteoblasts was carried out using the AlamarBlue assay. In vivo evaluation in a rabbit model involved creating critical-sized defects in calvarial bone, filling with the OPG-chitosan gel and sacrificing at 12 weeks. In vitro results demonstrated that the 25 kDa OPG-chitosan gel had the highest rate of protein release and achieved 90% degradation in 28 days. At 12 weeks, the defects filled with 25 kDa OPG-chitosan gel showed significant (p < 0.05) new bone formation and the highest expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin compared to controls. Thus, the 25 kDa OPG-chitosan gel could be a promising new biomaterial for tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 398-407, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Centre for Natural Products And Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - N A Baharuddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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11
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Jayash SN, Hashim NM, Misran M, Baharuddin NA. In vitro evaluation of osteoprotegerin in chitosan for potential bone defect applications. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2229. [PMID: 27635307 PMCID: PMC5012333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a critical role in bone remodelling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity. OPG has been used systemically in the treatment of bone diseases. In searching for more effective and safer treatment for bone diseases, we investigated newly formulated OPG-chitosan complexes, which is prepared as a local application for its osteogenic potential to remediate bone defects. Methods We examined high, medium and low molecular weights of chitosan combined with OPG. The cytotoxicity of OPG in chitosan and its proliferation in vitro was evaluated using normal, human periodontal ligament (NHPL) fibroblasts in 2D and 3D cell culture. The cytotoxicity of these combinations was compared by measuring cell survival with a tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and AlamarBlue assay. The cellular morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope. A propidium iodide and acridine orange double-staining assay was used to evaluate the morphology and quantify the viable and nonviable cells. The expression level of osteopontin and osteocalcin protein in treated normal human osteoblast cells was evaluated by using Western blot. Results The results demonstrated that OPG in combination with chitosan was non-toxic, and OPG combined with low molecular weight chitosan has the most significant effect on NHPL fibroblasts and stimulates proliferation of cells over the period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah M Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia; Centre For Natural Products And Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Baharuddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Harper E, Forde H, Davenport C, Rochfort KD, Smith D, Cummins PM. Vascular calcification in type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Integrative roles for OPG, RANKL and TRAIL. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Han Q, Yang P, Wu Y, Meng S, Sui L, Zhang L, Yu L, Tang Y, Jiang H, Xuan D, Kaplan DL, Kim SH, Tu Q, Chen J. Epigenetically Modified Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Silk Scaffolds Promote Craniofacial Bone Repair and Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2156-65. [PMID: 25923143 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a central mechanism that governs cell stemness, determination, commitment, and differentiation. It has been recently found that PHF8, a major H4K20/H3K9 demethylase, plays a critical role in craniofacial and bone development. In this study, we hypothesize that PHF8 promotes osteoblastogenesis by epigenetically regulating the expression of a nuclear matrix protein, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) that plays pivotal roles in skeletal patterning and osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that expression levels of PHF8 and SATB2 in preosteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) increased simultaneously during osteogenic induction. Overexpressing PHF8 in these cells upregulated the expression of SATB2, Runx2, osterix, and bone matrix proteins. Conversely, knockdown of PHF8 reduced the expression of these genes. Furthermore, ChIP assays confirmed that PHF8 specifically bound to the transcription start site (TSS) of the SATB2 promoter, and the expression of H3K9me1 at the TSS region of SATB2 decreased in PHF8 overexpressed group. Implantation of the BMSCs overexpressing PHF8 with silk protein scaffolds promoted bone regeneration in critical-sized defects in mouse calvaria. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PHF8 epigenetically modulates SATB2 activity, triggering BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and facilitating bone formation and regeneration in biodegradable silk scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Han
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine , Jinan, China .,3 Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- 2 Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine , Jinan, China .,4 Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shu Meng
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Sui
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Zhang
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liming Yu
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Tang
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Jiang
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongying Xuan
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- 6 Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center (CPMDRC) and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Qisheng Tu
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jake Chen
- 1 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jiang X, Chen Y, Fan X, Zhang H, Kun L. Osteogenesis and mineralization in a rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis model is promoted by the human LMP-1 gene. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:521-6. [PMID: 25641592 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effects of LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) on bone regeneration in the distraction zone based on gene transduction, 36 New Zealand white rabbits underwent mandibular lengthening with a distraction rate of 2 mm/day. The animals were then randomly divided into group A and group B (n = 18, each). At the end of the distraction, Ad5-EGFP viruses and Ad5-LMP-1/EGFP viruses were injected into the distraction gaps in groups A and B, respectively. Seven days later, five randomly selected animals from each group were sacrificed to evaluate the survival of the virus. Four and 8 weeks after distraction osteogenesis (DO), six samples randomly selected from each group underwent CT scanning and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry detection. Eight weeks after DO, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the distracted mandibles were harvested. Six animals from each group processed for radiography, micro-CT, histology, and the rest samples were taken three-point bend testing. Using this model, better bone formation and mineralization in the distracted callus were observed in group B when compared with those in group A. The results suggest local transduction with LMP-1 gene promotes osteogenesis and mineralization in DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of China South, No. 102 Luojiajing Road, Chenzhou, Hunan Province, 423000, China
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15
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Palumbo S, Li WJ. Osteoprotegerin enhances osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2176-87. [PMID: 23597005 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and hold promise for applications of bone regeneration such as bone tissue engineering. However, current approaches for in vitro osteogenesis cannot effectively induce osteogenesis and need to be modified to produce quality bone for clinical applications. Previous studies have shown that the conditioned medium (CM) from osteoblast culture enhances osteogenesis of MSCs, and soluble osteogenic factors in the CM may be involved in the regulation. However, these factors are not fully identified. In this study, we profiled soluble factors secreted from MG-63 cells using a comparative protein array and found that osteoprotegerin (OPG), known as a potent anti-osteoclastogenic protein, was at the highest relative level among 507 soluble molecules detected by the array. Furthermore, treating hMSCs with OPG before osteogenic induction significantly increased the expression of osteocalcin mRNA transcript and the production of calcium deposits compared to the untreated control cells, suggesting that OPG is capable of priming undifferentiated hMSCs for the enhancement of subsequent osteogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was activated by OPG in undifferentiated hMSCs and that blocking NF-κB activation before osteogenic induction decreased osteogenesis of OPG-pretreated cells upon receiving osteogenic stimuli. Taken together, our results suggest that OPG is a pro-osteogenic factor that can be used as an osteogenic supplement in a growth medium to prime the osteogenic capacity of undifferentiated hMSCs to enhance osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunMi Palumbo
- Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
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16
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Yusheng Y, Chengyue W, Zhiying W, Guijun W. Transsutural distraction and tissue regeneration of the midfacial skeleton: experimental studies in growing dogs. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2013; 51:326-33. [PMID: 23369015 DOI: 10.1597/12-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mechanical forces on the expansion of the palatine suture using transsutural distraction osteogenesis. Methods : A total of 48 dogs were used in this study. The experimental groups were treated with a custom-designed internal distractor. Bone regeneration was determined with x-rays and histology. The computed values underwent statistical analyses using analysis of variance. Results : The maxillary complex was most noticeably advanced with an applied mechanical force of 600 g (20.15 ± 1.36 mm), compared with forces of 400 g (19.88 ± 1.41 mm) and 800 g (2.24 ± 0.93 mm). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 fluctuated with different mechanical forces. These changes were statistically significant when 600 g of force was applied within 30 days of distraction (P < .05). Conclusions : Transsutural distraction osteogenesis in the growing dog should be safe and well tolerated in inducing bony lengthening of the maxilla, and the optimal force is 600 × g. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 may play an important roles in the signaling pathways that link mechanical forces and biological responses.
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17
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Dong Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Jiang J, Chen S. Enhancement of tendon-bone healing for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells infected with BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202970 PMCID: PMC3497344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, due to the growing attention focused on the issue of tendon–bone healing, we carried out an animal study of the use of genetic intervention combined with cell transplantation for the promotion of this process. Here, the efficacy of bone marrow stromal cells infected with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on tendon–bone healing was determined. A eukaryotic expression vector containing the BMP-2 gene was constructed and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) were infected with a lentivirus. Next, we examined the viability of the infected cells and the mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2-infected bMSCs. Gastrocnemius tendons, gastrocnemius tendons wrapped by bMSCs infected with the control virus (bMSCs+Lv-Control), and gastrocnemius tendons wrapped by bMSCs infected with the recombinant BMP-2 virus (bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2) were used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in New Zealand white rabbits. Specimens from each group were harvested four and eight weeks postoperatively and evaluated using biomechanical and histological methods. The bMSCs were infected with the lentivirus at an efficiency close to 100%. The BMP-2 mRNA and protein levels in bMSCs were significantly increased after lentiviral infection. The bMSCs and BMP-2-infected bMSCs on the gastrocnemius tendon improved the biomechanical properties of the graft in the bone tunnel; specifically, bMSCs infected with BMP-2 had a positive effect on tendon–bone healing. In the four-week and eight-week groups, bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2 group exhibited significantly higher maximum loads of 29.3 ± 7.4 N and 45.5 ± 11.9 N, respectively, compared with the control group (19.9 ± 6.4 N and 21.9 ± 4.9 N) (P = 0.041 and P = 0.001, respectively). In the eight-week groups, the stiffness of the bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2 group (32.5 ± 7.3) was significantly higher than that of the bMSCs+Lv-Control group (22.8 ± 7.4) or control groups (12.4 ± 6.0) (p = 0.036 and 0.001, respectively). Based on the histological findings, there was an increased amount of perpendicular collagen fibers formed between the tendon and bone in the bMSCs+Lv-Control and bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2 group, compared with the gastrocnemius tendons. The proliferation of cartilage-like cells and the formation of fibrocartilage-like tissue were highest within the bone tunnels in the bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2 group. These results suggest that this lentivirus can be used to efficiently infect bMSCs with BMP-2. Furthermore, tendons wrapped by bMSCs+Lv-BMP-2 improved tendon–bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (J.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-52888255; Fax: +86-21-62496020
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Zheng CM, Chu P, Wu CC, Ma WY, Hung KC, Hsu YH, Lin YF, Diang LK, Lu KC. Association between increased serum osteoprotegerin levels and improvement in bone mineral density after parathyroidectomy in hemodialysis patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:19-27. [PMID: 22156488 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication in chronic renal disease. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an extracellular cytokine receptor secreted by osteoblasts, can promote bone formation by inhibiting the function of osteoclasts. Hemodialysis (HD) patients have elevated serum OPG levels. OPG secretion can be suppressed with high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. HD patients with refractory SHPT can benefit from parathyroidectomy (PTX) treatment, but the changes of serum OPG, bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) following PTX in HD patients remain unclear. In this study, patients on maintenance HD who received PTX for refractory SHPT (n = 28) were prospectively followed for 1 year. Serum intact PTH (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P), and OPG were measured serially; BMD was measured pre-PTX and at 1 year after PTX. After PTX, serum iPTH levels reduced profoundly. Serum Alk-P levels increased rapidly, peaking at 2 weeks post-PTX, while serum OPG levels gradually increased at 2 weeks after PTX and peaked at 2 months. BMD improved in both femoral neck (FN; cancellous and cortical bone) and lumbar spine (LS; cancellous bone). Higher baseline iPTH levels were associated with greater FN and LS BMD improvements at one year after PTX. The increment of serum OPG was correlated with the increase in LS BMD, implying that inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption may improve BMD within the first year after PTX. These findings suggest that PTX removes the suppressive effects of high PTH on OPG secretion, resulting in the increased serum OPG levels that may contribute to BMD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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