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Zhao Y, An Y, Zhou L, Wu F, Wu G, Wang J, Chen L. Animal Models of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Classification and Selection. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859517. [PMID: 35574432 PMCID: PMC9095932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that can cause severe pain and dysfunction. It has a serious impact on the quality of lives of patients. Since mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of TMJOA is not fully understood, the development of effective tools for early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapies has been hindered. Animal models play a key role in understanding the pathological process of diseases and evaluating new therapeutic interventions. Although some similarities in disease processes between animals and humans are known, no one animal model is sufficient for studying all characteristics of TMJOA, as each model has different translatability to human clinical conditions. For the past 4 decades, TMJOA animal models have been studied by numerous researchers and can be broadly divided into induced, naturally occurring, and genetically modified models. The induced models can be divided into invasive models (intra-articular injection and surgical induction) or non-invasive models (mechanical loading, high-fat diet, and sleep deprivation). Different types of animal models simulate different pathological expressions of TMJOA and have their unique characteristics. Currently, mice, rats, and rabbits are commonly used in the study of TMJOA. This review sought to provide a general description of current experimental models of TMJOA and assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for different kinds of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanxin An
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Schmidt C, Reich R, Koos B, Ertel T, Ahlers MO, Arbogast M, Feurer I, Habermann-Krebs M, Hilgenfeld T, Hirsch C, Hügle B, von Kalle T, Kleinheinz J, Kolk A, Ottl P, Pautke C, Riechmann M, Schön A, Skroch L, Teschke M, Wuest W, Neff A. Controversial Aspects of Diagnostics and Therapy of Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-An Analysis of Evidence- and Consensus-Based Recommendations Based on an Interdisciplinary Guideline Project. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071761. [PMID: 35407368 PMCID: PMC8999183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to potentially severe sequelae (impaired growth, condylar resorption, and ankylosis) early diagnosis of chronic rheumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and timely onset of therapy are essential. Aim: Owing to very limited evidence the aim of the study was to identify and discuss controversial topics in the guideline development to promote further focused research. Methods: Through a systematic literature search, 394 out of 3771 publications were included in a German interdisciplinary guideline draft. Two workgroups (1: oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2: interdisciplinary) voted on 77 recommendations/statements, in 2 independent anonymized and blinded consensus phases (Delphi process). Results: The voting results were relatively homogenous, except for a greater proportion of abstentions amongst the interdisciplinary group (p < 0.001). Eighty-four percent of recommendations/statements were approved in the first round, 89% with strong consensus. Fourteen recommendations/statements (18.2%) required a prolonged consensus phase and further discussion. Discussion: Contrast-enhanced MRI was confirmed as the method of choice for the diagnosis of TMJ arthritis. Intraarticular corticosteroid injection is to be limited to therapy-refractory cases and single injection only. In adults, alloplastic joint replacement is preferable to autologous replacement. In children/adolescents, autologous reconstruction may be performed lacking viable alternatives. Alloplastic options are currently still considered experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schmidt
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (C.S.); (T.E.); (M.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Rudolf Reich
- Practice for Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery MVZ R(h)einZahn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Bernd Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Taila Ertel
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (C.S.); (T.E.); (M.R.); (L.S.)
- Medical Clinic, Hospital of Winsen, 21423 Winsen (Luhe), Germany
| | - Marcus Oliver Ahlers
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
- CMD-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Arbogast
- Department of Rheumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Hospital Oberammergau, 82487 Oberammergau, Germany;
| | - Ima Feurer
- Physiotherapeutic Practice & Orthopedic Manual Therapy, 78315 Radolfzell-Böhringen, Germany;
| | - Mario Habermann-Krebs
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e.V. (German Patients’ Association for Rheumatic Disorders), 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Boris Hügle
- German Centre for Pediatric Rheumatology, Childrens’ Hospital Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;
| | - Thekla von Kalle
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48169 Münster, Germany;
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Peter Ottl
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, University Hospital Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Christoph Pautke
- Medical Practice & Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Merle Riechmann
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (C.S.); (T.E.); (M.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Andreas Schön
- Medical Practice & Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 53842 Troisdorf, Germany;
| | - Linda Skroch
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (C.S.); (T.E.); (M.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Marcus Teschke
- Medical Practice for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany;
- Children’s Hospital Wilhelmstift, 22149 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wuest
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Martha Maria Nürnberg, 90491 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Neff
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (C.S.); (T.E.); (M.R.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Du J, Jiang Q, Mei L, Yang R, Wen J, Lin S, Li H. Effect of high fat diet and excessive compressive mechanical force on pathologic changes of temporomandibular joint. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17457. [PMID: 33060739 PMCID: PMC7566592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high fat diet and excessive compressive mechanical force on temporomandibular joint. In vivo, a mouse model of temporomandibular joint compressive loading device was used. A high fat diet mouse model and a combined mouse model intraperitoneally treated with or without simvastatin were used in the study. The pathological changes of mandibular condylar cartilage were assessed by Safranin-O staining. The IL-1β, MMP-3, leptin expression changes in the cartilage were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the mandibular condylar chondrocytes were treated with or without L-1β and simvastatin. The mRNA expression level of matrix MMPs and leptin were assessed. Both excessive compressive mechanical force and high fat diet induced obesity caused TMJ osteoarthritis-like changes and increased expression of IL-1β, MMP-3, and leptin. These pathological changes were much more serious when the two interventions were exerted together, while simvastatin could obviously alleviate these changes. The mRNA expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, and leptin increased in the IL-1β treated chondrocytes treated with IL-1β, and decreased with simvastatin treatment. The development of temporomandibular joint pathological changes could be caused by the excessive compressive mechanical force and high fat diet induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Children's Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ren Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yuce P, Hosgor H, Rencber SF, Yazir Y. Effects of Intra-Articular Resveratrol Injections on Cartilage Destruction and Synovial Inflammation in Experimental Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:344.e1-344.e12. [PMID: 33039343 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intra-articular resveratrol injections on cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation in an experimental temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freund's complete adjuvant injection method was used to construct the TMJ-OA model. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly placed into 4 groups: control (n = 4), TMJ arthritis (n = 8), low-dose intra-articular resveratrol (RES[L]; n = 8), and high-dose intra-articular resveratrol (RES[H]; n = 8). Intra-articular injections of resveratrol were performed 3 times at 1-week intervals, 1 week after the administration of a single dose of Freund's complete adjuvant to the TMJ. The effects of resveratrol on cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation were examined histopathologically. The histomorphometric examination revealed condylar cartilage and articular disc thickness. An apoptotic chondrocyte count was performed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression was evaluated through an immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS The thickness of the condylar cartilage in the RES(L) and RES(H) groups was statistically significantly greater than that in the control and TMJ arthritis groups (P < .05). The inflammation-induced articular disc thickening was significantly lower in the RES(L) and RES(H) groups (P < .05). The chondrocyte apoptosis in the RES(L) and RES(H) groups was significantly lower than that in the TMJ arthritis group (P < .05). The matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in the RES(L) and RES(H) groups was obviously less than that in the TMJ arthritis group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The intra-articular resveratrol treatment exerted a curative effect by preventing the inflammation and cartilage destruction associated with TMJ-OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Yuce
- Private Practitioner, Private Dental Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hatice Hosgor
- Assistant Professor, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Selenay Furat Rencber
- Research Assistant, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology Embryology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Professor, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology Embryology, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Tolba YM, Omar SS, Nagui DA, Nawwar MA. Effect of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in treatment of osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104618. [PMID: 31770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the histological and biochemical effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on experimentally induced osteoarthritic changes in male rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ). DESIGN In this in-vivo study, 36 male albino rats were divided into 3 groups; control non-injected, disease and treatment group. Osteoarthritis was induced using a single intra-articular injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (50 μl). High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) was injected intra-articularly once a week, for a total of 3 injections. TMJ tissue samples were dissected from control, disease and treatment groups for biochemical analysis using ELISA test to detect the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) on day 28. Histological examination was done using Hematoxylin &eosin, Mallory's trichrome and Alcian blue stains. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn-Sidek method, with a 5 % significance level. RESULTS Treatment group showed regaining of the normal histological features of the TMJ and decreased levels of MMP-3 when compared to disease group. CONCLUSIONS These findings may suggest that HMWHA plays a role in the management of CFA-induced osteoarthritic cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Tolba
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Samia S Omar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Dina A Nagui
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Gupta S, Del Fabbro M, Chang J. The impact of simvastatin intervention on the healing of bone, soft tissue, and TMJ cartilage in dentistry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Implant Dent 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 30963362 PMCID: PMC6453984 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-019-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The review aimed at assessing the osteopromotive potential as well as soft tissue and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage healing properties of simvastatin by summarizing its efficacy on the current dental treatment of periodontal bone and soft tissue defects, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis from the available animals and human studies. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using a combination of keywords. A hand search was undertaken on seven oral surgery journals. No limitation of publication year in the English language was placed. Controlled randomized animal and human clinical trials, as well as prospective comparative studies, were included. Data on the comparison of topical/systemic simvastatin on bone healing in intrabony and furcation defects, extraction sockets, distraction osteogenesis, as well as soft tissue healing in mucogingival grafting procedures and cartilage protection in TMJ arthritis were extracted from all the eligible studies. Studies with a minimum of ten participants and follow up at least 6 months were included. Ten animal studies and six clinical studies were included in this study. All the animal studies included a minimum of eight sites per group assessed clinically, histologically, and radiographically. All human studies included clinical and radiological evaluation. The results of the review show that simvastatin administration displays positive treatment outcomes in the full range of therapies investigated in the oral regions such as periodontal infection control, periodontal and alveolar bone regeneration, soft tissue grafting, TMJ inflammation reduction, and cartilage repair. Its mechanism includes stimulating bone formation, promoting soft tissue healing, increasing articular and condylar cartilage thickness, as well as reducing inflammation at surgical sites in TMJ disorders. Simvastatin administration is beneficial to the healing of oral bone and cartilage. More studies are desired to determine its potential in soft tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Jia Chang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Scarabelot VL, de Oliveira C, Medeiros LF, de Macedo IC, Cioato SG, Adachi LNS, Paz AH, de Souza A, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduces nociceptive behaviour in an orofacial pain model. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 46:40-50. [PMID: 30281821 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain and is related to the reversal of maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of tDCS, a non-pharmacological therapy, on local mechanical hyperalgesia, and remote thermal hyperalgesia in rats submitted to orofacial inflammatory pain model, by facial von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. In addition, we evaluated levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-10 and IL-6 in the brainstem and blood serum of these animals at 24 hours and 7 days after the end of tDCS treatment. METHODS Rats were subjected to temporomandibular joint pain and treated with tDCS. The animals were divided into control, pain and pain + treatment groups. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline, 7 days after administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immediately, 24 hours, and 7 days after the tDCS treatment. Neuroimmunomodulators levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by (GEE)/Bonferroni (behavioural tests), three-way ANOVA/SNK (neurochemical tests) and Kruskal-Wallis (histological analysis). RESULTS Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01). We observed interaction between factors (pain and treatment) increasing brainstem BDNF (P < 0.01) and NGF (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, we found an increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the brainstem at 24 hours and 7 days after tDCS, respectively. CONCLUSION We showed that tDCS reduces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by orofacial pain until 7 days after treatment. These findings demonstrate that tDCS was effective in the control of orofacial inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Scarabelot
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane F Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel C de Macedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania G Cioato
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi S Adachi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Department of Surgery in Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lemos GA, da Silva PLP, Batista AUD, Palomari ET. Experimental model of temporomandibular joint arthritis: Evaluation of contralateral joint and masticatory muscles. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dashnyam K, Lee JH, Mandakhbayar N, Jin GZ, Lee HH, Kim HW. Intra-articular biomaterials-assisted delivery to treat temporomandibular joint disorders. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418776514. [PMID: 29785258 PMCID: PMC5954570 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418776514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint disorder, also known as myofascial pain syndrome, is considered one of the prevalent chronic pain diseases caused by muscle inflammation and cartilage degradation in head and neck, and thus influences even biopsychosocial conditions in a lifetime. There are several current treatment methodologies relieving inflammation and preventing degradation of the joint complex. One of the promising non-surgical treatment methods is an intra-articular injection of drugs such as corticosteroids, analgesics, and anti-depressants. However, the side effects of drugs due to frequent injections and over-doses, including dizziness, dry mouth, and possible drug dependency are considered limitations. Thus, the delivery of therapeutic molecules through the use of nano/microparticles is currently considered as a promising strategy primarily due to the controlled release. This review highlights the nano/microparticle systems for effective intra-articular therapeutics delivery to prevent cartilage degradation and protect subchondral bone in a temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Surgical Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities Caused by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 29:e51-e57. [PMID: 29040144 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our retrospective study was to evaluate the results of orthognathic treatment, distraction osteogenesis, and/or prosthetic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joints in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Twelve patients with severely affected temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and reduced ramus height were treated with mandibular advancement with orthognathic surgery (11) and additional bilateral or unilateral mandibular ramus distraction (3) or additional bilateral or unilateral prosthetic reconstruction of the TMJ (3). One patient was treated surgically with bilateral TMJ prosthetic reconstruction only. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically with emphasis on healing, TMJ function, stability of the occlusion, skeletal stability, and facial appearance for an average of 2.3 years after the final surgery. The mean mandibular advancement was 10.1 mm. The mean relapse at pogonion was 2.1 mm, which represents 20.8% of the surgical advancement. The occlusion was stable in 11/12 patients. The TMJ function was good and the facial esthetics improved in all patients. Orthognathic treatment and mandibular ramus distraction osteogenesis provide beneficial lengthening of the mandibular body in JIA patients with asymptomatic and stabile condyles. In adult patients with relapse of the disease or postoperative condylar relapse prosthetic total joint replacement is a reliable and safe alternative.
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11
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Willett ES, Liu J, Berke M, Giannini PJ, Schmid M, Jia Z, Wang X, Wang X, Samson K, Yu F, Wang D, Nawshad A, Reinhardt RA. Standardized Rat Model Testing Effects of Inflammation and Grafting on Extraction Healing. J Periodontol 2017; 88:799-807. [PMID: 28440741 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of alveolar ridge width and height after tooth extraction is well documented, but models to evaluate ridge preservation are neither standardized nor cost-effective. This rat model characterizes the pattern of bone turnover and inflammation after extraction and bone grafting with or without local simvastatin (SIM). METHODS Fifty retired-breeder rats underwent extraction of the maxillary right first molar and standard surgical defect creation under inhalation/local anesthesia. The left side of each animal served as unmanipulated control. Untreated groups (n = 8 to 9 per group) were compared (analysis of variance, t test) at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for alveolar ridge height and width and for markers of inflammation and bone turnover by microcomputed tomography, histology, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventeen additional specimens had defects grafted with either bone mineralized matrix (BMM) or a BMM+SIM conjugate. RESULTS Extraction-induced bone loss (BL) was noted on buccal, palatal, and interproximal height (P <0.05) and ridge width (P <0.01). Week 1 inflammation positively correlated with ridge height; thereafter, a more intense inflammatory reaction corresponded to reduction in alveolar bone height and density (r = 0.74; P <0.05; Spearman). BMM+SIM preserved the most interproximal bone height (P <0.01), increased ridge width and bone density (P <0.01), enhanced 7-day prostaglandin E2 (P <0.01), and reduced 28-day inflammation density (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The standard defect used in the current study paralleled human postextraction alveolar BL. Defect grafting, especially BMM+SIM, reduced inflammation and preserved bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Willett
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Molly Berke
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Peter J Giannini
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Marian Schmid
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kaeli Samson
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ali Nawshad
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center
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12
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Xu T, Xu G, Gu Z, Wu H. Hedgehog signal expression in articular cartilage of rat temporomandibular joint and association with adjuvant-induced osteoarthritis. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:284-291. [PMID: 27646982 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Stomatology; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- School of Stomatology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Gaoli Xu
- School of Stomatology; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- School of Stomatology; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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13
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Low-level laser therapy stimulates tissue repair and reduces the extracellular matrix degradation in rats with induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joint. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1051-9. [PMID: 27147076 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize morphological and biochemistry action of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups with 12 animals each: (AG) group with arthritis induced in the left TMJ and (LG) group with arthritis induced in the left TMJ and treated with LLLT (830 nm, 30 mW, 3 J/cm(2)). Right TMJs in the AG group were used as noninjected control group (CG). Arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 μl Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and LLLT began 1 week after arthritis induction. Histopathological analysis was performed using sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Toluidine Blue, and picrosirius. Biochemical analysis was determined by the total concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t tests, with p < 0.05. Compared to AG, LG had minor histopathological changes in the TMJ, smaller thickness of the articular disc in the anterior (p < 0.0001), middle (p < 0.0001) and posterior regions (p < 0.0001), high birefringence of collagen fibers in the anterior (p < 0.0001), middle (p < 0.0001) and posterior regions (p < 0.0001) on the articular disc, and statistically lower activity of MMP-2 latent (p < 0.0001), MMP-2 active (P = 0.02), MMP-9 latent (p < 0.0001), and MMP-9 active (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that LLLT can increase the remodeling and enhancing tissue repair in TMJ with induced arthritis.
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14
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Jung JY, Woo SM, Kim WJ, Lee BN, Nör JE, Min KS, Choi CH, Koh JT, Lee KJ, Hwang YC. Simvastatin inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules induced by LPS in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2016; 50:377-386. [PMID: 27003335 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of simvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY The effect of LPS and simvastatin on human dental pulp cell (HDPCs) viability was measured using a 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. NF-κB transcription factors were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (anova). RESULTS The viability of cells exposed to different concentrations of E. coli LPS, P. gingivalis LPS and simvastatin was not significantly different compared with that of control cells (P > 0.05). LPS significantly increased interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.05) and IL-6 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P < 0.05) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein expression (P < 0.05) in HDPCs. Treatment with simvastatin significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Treatment with simvastatin decreased LPS-induced expression of p65 and phosphorylation of IκB and also significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB in the cytoplasm and the level of p65 in the nucleus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin has a suppressing effect on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine, cell adhesion molecules and NF-κB transcription factors in HDPCs. Therefore, simvastatin might be a useful candidate as a pulp-capping agent in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S M Woo
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B N Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J E Nör
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K S Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C H Choi
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K J Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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15
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Knudsen M, Bury M, Holwegner C, Reinhardt AL, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Giannini P, Marx DB, Wang D, Reinhardt RA. Effect of dexamethasone prodrug on inflamed temporomandibular joints in juvenile rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:267. [PMID: 26400235 PMCID: PMC4581092 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often causes inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and has been treated with both systemic and intra-articular steroids, with concerns about effects on growing bones. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a macromolecular prodrug of dexamethasone (P-DEX) with inflammation-targeting potential applied systemically or directly to the TMJ. Methods Joint inflammation was initiated by injecting two doses of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) at 1-month intervals into the right TMJs of 24 growing Sprague–Dawley male rats (controls on left side). Four additional rats were not manipulated. With the second CFA injection, animals received (1) 5 mg of P-DEX intra-articularly (n = 9), (2) 15 mg of P-DEX into the tail vein (n = 7), or (3) nothing in addition to CFA (n = 8). The rats were killed 28 days later and measured by radiography for ramus height (condylar superior to gonion inferior [CsGoInf]), by micro-computed tomography for condylar width (CW) and bone volume/standardized condylar volume (BV/CV), and by histology for retrodiscal inflammatory cells. Inflammation targeting of systemic P-DEX was confirmed by IVIS infrared dye imaging. Inflammation and bone growth were compared between groups using analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlations. Results CFA caused a significant reduction in CsGoInf (p < 0.05), but neither route of P-DEX administration had an effect on CsGoInf or CW at CFA injection sites. BV/CV was significantly reduced in both inflamed and control condyles as a result of either steroid application (p < 0.05). The inflammatory infiltrate was overwhelmingly lymphocytic, comprising 16.4 ± 1.3 % of the field in CFA alone vs. <0.01 % lymphocytes in contralateral controls (p < 0.0001). Both P-DEX TMJ (10.1 ± 1.2 %) and systemic P-DEX (8.9 ± 1.7 %) reduced lymphocytes (p < 0.002). The total area of inflammatory infiltrate was significantly less in the systemic injection group than in the group that received CFA injections alone (2.6 ± 1.5 mm2 vs. 8.0 ± 1.3 mm2; p = 0.009), but not in the group that received intra-articular P-DEX (8.8 ± 1.2 mm2). Conclusions High-dose systemic administration of inflammation-targeting P-DEX is more effective than an intra-articular injection in reducing TMJ inflammation, but both routes may affect TMJ bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Knudsen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 4000 East Campus Loop South, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA.
| | - Matthew Bury
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 4000 East Campus Loop South, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA.
| | | | | | - Fang Yuan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Yijia Zhang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Peter Giannini
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 4000 East Campus Loop South, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA.
| | - David B Marx
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Dong Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 4000 East Campus Loop South, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA.
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16
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Lemos GA, Rissi R, Pimentel ER, Palomari ET. Effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on induced arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in rats. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:566-75. [PMID: 26022645 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) has been used to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, but controversial results have been described. This study aimed to characterize the morphological and biochemical actions of HMWHA on induced arthritis of the TMJ. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used, and arthritis of the TMJ was induced through an intra-articular injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (50 μl). One week after arthritis induction, the animals were treated with HMWHA (once per week for three weeks). Histological analyses were performed using sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue and Picrosirius. Were also performed histomorphometric analysis and birefringence of collagenous fibers (polarization microscopy). Biochemical analyses of TMJ tissues were carried out through measurements of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and zymography for evaluation of metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9). Data were analyzed using paired t-test and unpaired t-test, with a 5% significance level. HMWHA reduced histologic changes and thickness of the articular disc, led to a greater arrangement of collagenous fibers, lower concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and lower activity in all isoforms of MMP-2 and -9 in TMJs with induced arthritis. These findings suggest that HMWHA may exert a protective effect on the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Azevedo Lemos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renato Rissi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Evanisi Teresa Palomari
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Impact of local steroid or statin treatment of experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis on bone growth in young rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147:80-8. [PMID: 25533075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is often treated with intra-articular steroid injections, which can inhibit condylar growth. The purpose of this study was to compare simvastatin (a cholesterol-lowering drug that reduces TMJ inflammation) with the steroid triamcinolone hexacetonide in experimental TMJ arthritis. METHODS Joint inflammation was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the TMJs of 40 growing Sprague Dawley rats; 4 other rats were left untreated. In the same intra-articular injection, one of the following was applied: (1) 0.5 mg of simvastatin in ethanol carrier, (2) ethanol carrier alone, (3) 0.15 mg of triamcinolone hexacetonide, (4) 0.5 mg of simvastatin and 0.15 mg of triamcinolone hexacetonide, or (5) nothing additional to the CFA. The animals were killed 28 days later, and their mandibles were evaluated morphometrically and with microcomputed tomography. RESULTS The analysis showed that the TMJs subjected to CFA alone had decreased ramus height compared with those with no treatment (P <0.05). Groups that had injections containing the steroid overall had decreases in weight, ramus height, and bone surface density when compared with the CFA-alone group (P <0.0001). Groups that had injections containing simvastatin, however, had overall increases in weight (P <0.0001), ramus height (P <0.0001), condylar width (P <0.05), condylar bone surface density (P <0.05), and bone volume (P <0.0001) compared with the groups receiving the steroid injections, and they were not different from the healthy (no treatment) group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of experimentally induced arthritis in TMJs with intra-articular simvastatin preserved normal condylar bone growth.
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