TUC338 Overexpression Leads to Enhanced Proliferation and Reduced Apoptosis in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro

Long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: Unraveling the molecular modulators of MAPK signaling

Lung cancer (LC) continues to pose a significant global medical burden, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its molecular foundations to establish effective treatment strategies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling system has been scientifically associated with LC growth; however, the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing this system remain unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of diverse cellular activities, including cancer growth. LncRNAs have been implicated in LC, which can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and their dysregulation has been linked to cancer cell death, metastasis, spread, and proliferation. Due to their involvement in critical pathophysiological processes, lncRNAs are gaining attention as potential candidates for anti-cancer treatments. This article aims to elucidate the regulatory role of lncRNAs in MAPK signaling in LC. We provide a comprehensive review of the key components of the MAPK pathway and their relevance in LC, focusing on aberrant signaling processes associated with disease progression. By examining recent research and experimental findings, this article examines the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs influence MAPK signaling in lung cancer, ultimately contributing to tumor development.

IGFL2-AS1 facilitates tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

OBJECTIVES

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common malignancy in oral cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer biology. In our present study, we investigated a novel lncRNA IGF-like family member 2 antisense RNA 1 (IGFL2-AS1) in TSCC.

METHODS

RT-qPCR analyzed IGFL2-AS1 expression in TSCC cells. Functional assays assessed the impact of IGFL2-AS1 on TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot analyzed the protein levels of EMT-related markers. Mechanism assays analyzed the regulatory mechanism of IGFL2-AS1 in TSCC cells. In-vivo experiments were conducted to prove the role of IGFL2-AS1 in TSCC progression.

RESULTS

IGFL2-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in TSCC cells and tissues, and IGFL2-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in TSCC. Moreover, IGFL2-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-1224-5p and thereby modulated SATB homeobox 1 (SATB1) expression. Additionally, SATB1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in TSCC cells and IGFL2-AS1 regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and TSCC progression via elevating SATB1 expression.

CONCLUSIONS

The data revealed that IGFL2-AS1 played a cancer promoting role in TSCC and may aid in exploring a brand new biomarker that might contribute to TSCC treatment.

Silencing of long non-coding RNA TUC338 inhibits the malignant phenotype of nasopharyngeal cancer cells via modulating the miR-1226-3p/FGF2 axis

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested as essential regulators in the cancer progression. LncRNA TUC338 was found to promote the malignancy of various cancers, however, the involvement of TUC338 in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has not been well characterized. Here, our results found the significant overexpression of TUC338 in NPC tissues. Higher level of TUC338 was also observed in NPC cells. Interestingly, NPC patients harboring overexpressed TUC338 have worse prognosis. Functional study indicated that down-regulated TUC338 remarkably suppressed the NPC cell proliferation and cell migration. Notably, depletion of TUC338 significantly inhibited the in vivo tumor growth. Mechanistically, TUC338 acted as molecular sponge of miR-1226-3p and attenuated the negative regulation of miR-1226-3p on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Down-regulation of TUC338 inhibited FGF2 expression in NPC cells and tumor tissues. Overexpression of FGF2 attenuated the suppressed NPC proliferation upon the depletion of TUC338. Our results demonstrated the novel function of TUC338/miR-1226-3p/FGF2 axis in NPC progression, suggesting the potential diagnosis and therapeutics significance of TUC338 in NPC.

Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application

Simple Summary

Increasing evidence has revealed the regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the initiation and progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). As some novel lncRNA-targeted techniques combined with immune checkpoint therapies have emerged, they provide a new strategy for OSCC treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the involvement of lncRNAs in OSCC along with their possible use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets.

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Recently, the discovery and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their regulatory importance in OSCC. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been broadly implicated in the initiation and progress of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and molecular mechanisms regarding these lncRNAs in OSCC. In addition, we highlight the crosstalk between lncRNA and tumor microenvironment (TME), and discuss the potential applications of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in OSCC. Notably, we also discuss lncRNA-targeted therapeutic techniques including CRISPR-Cas9 as well as immune checkpoint therapies to target lncRNA and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Therefore, this review presents the future perspectives of lncRNAs in OSCC therapy, but more research is needed to allow the applications of these findings to the clinic.

Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic markers for lung cancer and other malignant tumors

Due to advances in chip and sequencing technology, several types and numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified. LncRNAs are defined as non-protein-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides, and are now thought as a new frontier in the study of human malignant diseases including NSCLC. Diagnosis of numerous malignant tumors has been closely linked to the differential expression of certain lncRNAs. LncRNAs are involved in gene expression regulation at multiple levels of epigenetics, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional regulation. Mutations, deletions, or abnormal expression levels lead to physiological abnormalities, disease occurrence and are closely associated with human tumor diseases. LncRNAs play a crucial role in cancerous processes as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The expression of lncRNAs can regulate tumor cell in the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cycle, invasion, and metastasis. As such, lncRNAs are potential diagnostic and treatment targets for cancer. And that, tumor biomarkers need to be detectable in easily accessible body samples, should be characterized by high specificity and sufficient sensitivity. Herein, it is significant clinical importance to screen and supplement new biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer. This study aimed at systematically describing lncRNAs from five aspects based on recent studies: concepts, classification, structure, molecular mechanism, signal pathway, as well as review lncRNA implications in malignant tumor.

LncRNA GACAT1 induces tongue squamous cell carcinoma migration and proliferation via miR-149

Recent studies have observed that lncRNAs (long non‐coding RNAs) are involved in the progression of various tumours including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Recently, a new lnRNA, GACAT1, has been firstly identified in gastric cancer. However, its potential role in TSCC remains unknown. In this reference, we observed that GACAT1 was overexpressed in TSCC samples and cell lines. Of 25 TSCC specimens, GACAT1 expression was overexpressed in 18 patients (18/25, 72%) compared to non‐tumour specimens. Ectopic expression of GACAT1 induced cell growth and migration and promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition in TSCC. In addition, ectopic expression of GACAT1 decreased miR‐149 expression in SCC1 cell. We observed that miR‐149 expression was down‐regulated in TSCC cell lines. Moreover, we observed that GACAT1 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐149 expression. GACAT1 overexpression induced TSCC cell growth and migration via regulating miR‐149 expression. These data provided that GACAT1 played an oncogenic role in the progression of TSCC partly through modulating miR‐149 expression.

LINC01783 accelerated tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression via inhibiting miR-199b-5p

Growing studies illustrated that lncRNAs exert critical roles in development and occurrence of tumours including TSCC. In this research, we indicated that LINC01783 was up‐regulated in TSCC cells (SCC1, Cal27, UM1 and SCC4) when compared to NHOK cell. RT‐qPCR analysis indicated that LINC01783 was overexpressed in 22 TSCC cases (73.3%, 22/30) compared with no‐tumour specimens. LINC01783 level was up‐regulated in TSCC specimens when compared to no‐tumour specimens. Ectopic expression of LINC01783 promoted TSCC cell cycle and growth and EMT progression in both TSCC cell SCC1 and Cal27. Overexpression of LINC01783 sponged miR‐199b‐5p in TSCC cell and elevated expression of LINC01783 inhibited miR‐199b‐5p expression. Moreover, we illustrated that miR‐199b‐5p was down‐regulated in TSCC cells and specimen and LINC01783 level was up‐regulated in TSCC specimens when compared to no‐tumour specimens. Elevated expression of LINC01783 promoted TSCC cell growth, cycle and EMT progression by sponging miR‐199b‐5p. These data suggested that LINC01783 functioned as one oncogene and might be one treatment target for TSCC.

Knockdown of lncRNA TUC338 inhibits esophageal cancer cells migration and invasion

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are firmly identified with the event and improvement of tumors. Therefore, elucidating the functions and mechanisms of related lncRNAs is significant for understanding the occurrence and advancement of tumors. The recently discovered lncRNA TUC338 has been shown to play the role of an oncogene in an assortment of tumors. Be that as it may, the articulation and elements of lncRNA TUC338 in esophageal cancer are as yet hazy. This investigation plans to explain the capacities and related molecular mechanisms of lncRNA TUC338 in esophageal malignancy.

Methods

Firstly, the expression of TUC338 in 50 instances of esophageal disease tissues and nearby tissues was detected by fluorescence reckonable PCR, and correlations with the clinic pathological characteristics of patients was further analyzed. Then, a lentiviral interference vector was designed and transfected into an esophageal cancer cell line, and knockdown was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The effects of TUC338 knockdown on the proliferation, clone formation, and migration and infringement of esophageal malignancy cells were tested utilizing the CCK-8 assay, clone formation experiments, and Transwell experiments. Western blot detected the expression of invasion-related proteins.

Results

Fluorescence reckonable PCR exhibit that TUC338 was exceptionally communicated in esophageal cancer tissues, and was significantly related with metastasis and TNM stage in tolerant. Functional experiments showed that in esophageal disease cell lines, knocking down the declaration of TUC338 significantly inhibited cell multiplication, clone development, and intrusion and movement. Further experiments on molecular mechanisms showed that knocking down TUC338 inhibited statement of N-cadherin and vimentin in cells.

Conclusions

TUC338 is exceptionally communicated in esophageal malignancy tissues and can regulate cell proliferation and invasion.

Long Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy and Diagnosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Increasing studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNAs that are greater than 200 nucleotides in length but lack the ability to encode proteins, exert crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC. LncRNAs promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating downstream target gene expression and cancer-related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, lncRNA can be used as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of HCC treatment strategies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and as a potential individualized tool for HCC diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we overview up-to-date findings on lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for HCC surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy resistance, target therapy, and immunotherapy, and discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNA as tools for HCC diagnosis and treatment.

Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 519 Promotes the Biological Activities of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Sponging microRNA-876-3p and Consequently Upregulating MACC1

Purpose

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 519 (LINC00519) promotes the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we detected the expression of LINC00519 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and examined its clinical significance. Additionally, the regulatory effects of LINC00519 on behaviors of TSCC tumor cells were explored through functional experiments. Finally, mechanistic studies were performed to elucidate the molecular events underlying the tumor-promoting actions of LINC00519 in TSCC.

Materials and Methods

The expression of LINC00519 in TSCC tissues and cell lines was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, cell migration and invasion assays and xenograft tumor model analyses were used to detect TSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion and in vivo tumor growth, respectively. Mechanistic studies were performed using bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments.

Results

LINC00519 was overexpressed in both TSCC tissues and cell lines. A high LINC00519 level was associated with poor overall survival in patients with TSCC. In vitro, LINC00519 played cancer-promoting roles in TSCC progression by facilitating cell proliferation, migration and invasion and restraining cell apoptosis. In vivo, LINC00519 downregulation resulted in decreased TSCC tumor growth. Mechanistically, LINC00519 acted as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-876-3p (miR-876-3p), which directly targets metastasis associated with colon cancer-1 (MACC1), in TSCC cells. LINC00519 upregulated the expression of MACC1 in TSCC cells by sequestering miR-876-3p. Rescue experiments further affirmed that miR-876-3p inhibition or MACC1 overexpression mitigated the inhibitory influences of LINC00519 depletion on cell proliferation, migration and invasion and neutralized the promoting actions of LINC00519 knockdown on cell apoptosis in TSCC.

Conclusion

LINC00519 aggravated the oncogenicity of TSCC by regulating the miR-876-3p/MACC1 axis. Our findings suggest that the LINC00519/miR-876-3p/MACC1 pathway may be an underlying therapeutic target in TSCC.

SNHG17 enhances the malignant characteristics of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by acting as a competing endogenous RNA on microRNA-876 and thereby increasing specificity protein 1 expression

A long noncoding RNA called SNHG17 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 17) is aberrantly expressed and plays essential roles in multiple human cancer types. Nevertheless, its expression pattern and specific functions in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) have not been well studied until now. Hence, in this study, we aimed to measure SNHG17 expression in TSCC and to examine the actions of SNHG17 on the malignant characteristics of TSCC cells. The regulatory mechanism that mediates the oncogenic effects of SNHG17 on TSCC cells was investigated too. In this study, SNHG17 was found to be upregulated in TSCC, and this overexpression closely correlated with adverse clinical parameters and shorter overall survival among the patients with TSCC. The SNHG17 knockdown significantly decreased TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanism investigation revealed that SNHG17 acts as a competing endogenous RNA on microRNA-876 (miR-876) in TSCC cells. In addition, specificity protein 1 (SP1) was validated as a direct target gene of miR-876 in TSCC cells. SP1 expression restoration in TSCC cells reversed miR-876 overexpression-induced anticancer effects. MiR-876 downregulation strongly attenuated the actions of the SNHG17 knockdown in TSCC cells. SNHG17 plays an oncogenic part in TSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo via sponging of miR-876 and thereby upregulating SP1, which could be regarded as a promising target for TSCC therapy.

Exosomes in head and neck cancer. Updating and revisiting

Exosomes have gone from being considered simple containers of intracellular waste substances to be considered important carriers of cellular signals. Its broad capacity to promote tumour growth, both in situ and metastatic, has greatly intensified scientific research on them. In the same way and depending on its content, its tumour suppressive properties have opened a window of light and hope in the fight against cancer. In the present review we try to gather in a simple and understandable way the most relevant knowledge to date on the role of exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma, helping to understand their process of formation, release and activity on the tumour microenvironment.

lncRNA TUC338 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer

Although long noncoding RNA TUC338 has been characterized as an oncogene, its role in bladder cancer is unknown. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the function of TUC338 in bladder cancer. We found that TUC338 was upregulated in early-stage bladder cancer patients and showed early diagnostic values. After surgical resection, plasma levels of TUC338 were significantly downregulated. Moreover, microRNA 10b (miR-10b) was also upregulated in bladder cancer patients. TUC338 and miR-10b were positive and significantly correlated in bladder cancer patients, but not in healthy controls. Bladder cancer cells with TUC338 overexpression showed upregulated miR-10b, while miR-10b overexpression failed to significantly affect TUC338. TUC338 and miR-10b overexpression significantly promoted bladder cancer cell invasion and migration. Therefore, TUC338 may promote bladder cancer at least partially by upregulating miR-10b.

LncRNA TUC338 is overexpressed in prostate carcinoma and downregulates miR-466

LncRNA TUC338 has recently been characterized as an oncogene in several types of cancer. Our study aimed to characterize the functionality of TUC338 in prostate carcinoma. It was observed that TUC338 was upregulated in tumor tissues comparing to adjacent healthy tissues of prostate carcinoma patients. Plasma levels of TUC338 were also higher in prostate carcinoma patients than in healthy controls. A 5-year follow-up study showed that high plasma level of TUC338 was correlated with poor survival. miR-466 was downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent healthy tissues of prostate carcinoma patients. TUC338 and miR-466 were inversely correlated in tumor tissues. miR-466 overexpression failed to affect TUC338 expression, while TUC338 overexpression led to downregulated miR-466 expression. TUC338 overexpression failed to significantly affect cancer cell proliferation, but promoted cancer cell migration and invasion. MiR-466 overexpression resulted in reduced rates of cancer cell migration and invasion, and also attenuated the effect of TUC338 overexpression. Therefore, TUC338 may serve as an oncogenic lncRNA in prostate carcinoma by downregulating miR-466.

Long non-coding RNA CRNDE promote the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) has been identified as a crucial regulator involved in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the molecular mechanism of CRNDE involved in TSCC progression is still unknown. In the study, qRT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of CRNDE in TSCC tissues and cells. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to determine cell proliferation ability, colony formation, migration and invasion capacities, and cell apoptosis, respectively. Western blot was employed to assess the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. A xenograft mice model was performed to evaluate the role of CRNDE on tumor growth in vivo. The results showed CRNDE was upregulated in TSCC tissues and cell lines. CRNDE knockdown repressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in TSCC cells. Moreover, CRNDE regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TSCC cells. Additionally, high levels of CRNDE inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, high levels of CRNDE might promote TSCC progression at least partly through regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Targeting CRNDE has potential to be used as a novel target of TSCC treatment.

Long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) has been identified as a crucial regulator involved in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).

A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

There is a great interest in developing biomarkers to enhance early detection and clinical management of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the developmental path towards a clinically valid biomarker remains extremely challenging. Ideally, the initial key step in moving a newly discovered biomarker towards clinical implementation is independent replication. Therefore, the focus of this review is on biomarkers that consistently showed clinical relevance in two or more publications.

METHODS

We searched PubMed database for relevant papers across different TSCC sample sources, i.e., body fluids (saliva, serum/plasma) and tissues. No restriction regarding the date of publication was applied except for immunohistochemistry (IHC); only studies published between 2010 and June 2017 were included.

RESULTS

The search strategy identified 1429 abstracts, of which 96 papers, examining 150 biomarkers, were eventually included. Of these papers, 66% were exploratory studies evaluating single or a panel of biomarkers in one publication. Ultimately, based on studies that had undergone validation for their clinical relevance in at least two independent studies, we identified 10 promising candidates, consisting of different types of molecules (IL-6, IL-8, and Prolactin in liquid samples; HIF-1α, SOX2, E-cadherin, vimentin, MALAT1, TP53, and NOTCH1 in tissue biopsies) CONCLUSIONS: Although more exploratory research is needed with newer methods to identify biomarkers for TSCC, rigorous validation of biomarkers that have already shown unbiased assessment in at least two publications should be considered a high priority. Further research on these promising biomarkers or their combination in multi-institutional studies, could provide new possibilities to develop a specific panel for early diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized treatments.

The Role of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA TUC40- in Cardiomyocyte Induction and Maturation in P19 Cells

BACKGROUND

In previous studies, TUC40-, a new long noncoding RNA, was found to be overexpressed in human ventricular septal defect (VSD) embryonic heart samples. In this article, we carried out experiments on the P19 cell line to elucidate the effects of TUC40- overexpression on cardiomyocyte development relevant to VSD pathogenesis.

METHODS

We established the overexpression cell model by plasmid transfection, and explored the expression profile of Pbx1, the sense gene of TUC40-, and the marker genes of cardiomyocyte linage commitment (Nkx2.5 and GATA4) and maturation (cardiac troponin T). In addition, we combined cell cycle and Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis to detect cell proliferation and used flow cytometry and caspase-3 assays to test apoptosis. At last, bioinformatics analysis was performed to show the possible role of TUC40-.

RESULTS

In the control group, Pbx1 elevated steadily during cardiomyocyte induction; whereas in the overexpression group, it showed significantly lower expression at day 6, 8 and 10 of induction. Cells in the overexpression group failed to induce cardiomyocytes indicated by GATA4 and cardiac troponin T. Proliferation was inhibited possibly owing to G2/M cell cycle arrest and the induced apoptosis rate was higher in the overexpression group.

CONCLUSIONS

TUC40- overexpression reduced Pbx1 expression, cardiomyocyte induction and differentiation, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Combining the results and previous studies, we propose TUC40- as a potential pathologic factor for VSD.

Overexpression long non-coding RNA LINC00673 is associated with poor prognosis and promotes invasion and metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with the tumorigenesis of human cancers. However, the relevance of lncRNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is still unclear. To discover novel TSCC-related lncRNAs, we analyzed the lncRNA expression patterns in two sets of TSCC gene expression profile data, and found that long intergenic non-coding RNA 673 (LINC00673) was significantly upregulated in TSCC samples. Then we examined LINC00673 expression in 202 TSCC tissue specimens, LINC00673 is highly expressed in a significant proportion of human TSCC biopsies and correlates with poor prognosis. Knockdown LINC00673 significantly inhibited the cell invasion and migration capability in TSCC cells. Our findings suggest that LINC00673 may play an essential role in TSCC progression and might serve as a potential biomarker for early detection and prognosis prediction of TSCC.

An in vitro study of the long non-coding RNA TUG1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

This study sought to study the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and reveal its possible function.

METHODS

qRT-PCR was used to evaluate 27 samples of fresh TSCC tissues and adjacent normal tongue tissues. siRNA technology was employed to downregulate TUG1 expression in CAL-27 and SCC-9 cell lines. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was utilized to assess cell proliferation ability; apoptosis and cell-cycle phases were analysed via flow cytometry.

RESULTS

qRT-PCR findings indicated that the lncRNA TUG1 was upregulated in TSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tongue tissues (P<.05). After TUG1 expression was downregulated using siRNA technology, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P<.05), and the number of cells in S phase was reduced (P<.05).

CONCLUSION

The lncRNA TUG1 may represent a potential oncogene in TSCC.