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Karunakar P, Reddy MSR, Karteek BS, Reddy CLC, Swetha C, Racha K. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of diclofenac and ketoprofen administered using transdermal drug delivery route in management of post endodontic pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:24-28. [PMID: 38389736 PMCID: PMC10880480 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_160_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used as a postoperative medication after endodontic treatment. The introduction of transdermal patches aided in reducing the discomfort caused by medication prescribed through the oral route. Aim This study aims to compare the efficacy of transdermal patches of diclofenac and ketoprofen for postendodontic pain control. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in singlerooted teeth of either arch were endodontically treated by a single endodontist. Oral diclofenac for Group I and transdermal diclofenac patch for Group II and transdermal ketoprofen patch for Group III were administered as postendodontic analgesics. Visual Analog Scale chart was used to record pain intensity preoperatively and at intervals of 4, 8, and 24 h postoperatively. Paracetamol 500 mg tablets were provided as rescue medication. Statistical Analysis Repeated Measure ANOVA. Results There was a significant decrease in the postoperative pain intensity scores for both transdermal groups. The postoperative scores gradually decreased from day 1 to day 2. Six out of ten patients who had received diclofenac tablets complained of gastric discomfort. Conclusion Both transdermal ketoprofen and diclofenac patches were effective than oral diclofenac tablet and can be used as an alternative and effective analgesic for postendodontic pain management, especially in patients with gastric discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Karunakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - M. S. Ranga Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Basa Srinivas Karteek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Chavva Lakshmi Charan Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Chigurupati Swetha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Kundana Racha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
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Ringsten M, Kredo T, Ebrahim S, Hohlfeld A, Bruschettini M. Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 12:CD015087. [PMID: 38078559 PMCID: PMC10712214 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015087.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children undergo various surgeries, which often lead to acute postoperative pain. This pain influences recovery and quality of life. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), specifically cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors such as diclofenac, can be used to treat pain and reduce inflammation. There is uncertainty regarding diclofenac's benefits and harms compared to placebo or other drugs for postoperative pain. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of diclofenac (any dose) for acute postoperative pain management in children compared with placebo, other active comparators, or diclofenac administered by different routes (e.g. oral, rectal, etc.) or strategies (e.g. 'as needed' versus 'as scheduled'). SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and trial registries on 11 April 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children under 18 years of age undergoing surgery that compared diclofenac (delivered in any dose and route) to placebo or any active pharmacological intervention. We included RCTs comparing different administration routes of diclofenac and different strategies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were: pain relief (PR) reported by the child, defined as the proportion of children reporting 50% or better postoperative pain relief; pain intensity (PI) reported by the child; adverse events (AEs); and serious adverse events (SAEs). We presented results using risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and standardised mean differences (SMD), with the associated confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS We included 32 RCTs with 2250 children. All surgeries were done using general anaesthesia. Most studies (27) included children above age three. Only two studies had an overall low risk of bias; 30 had an unclear or high risk of bias in one or several domains. Diclofenac versus placebo (three studies) None of the included studies reported on PR or PI. We are very uncertain about the benefits and harms of diclofenac versus placebo on nausea/vomiting (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.80; 2 studies, 100 children) and any reported bleeding (RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.34 to 26.45; 2 studies, 100 children), both very low-certainty evidence. None of the included studies reported SAEs. Diclofenac versus opioids (seven studies) We are very uncertain if diclofenac reduces PI at 2 to 24 hours postoperatively compared to opioids (median pain intensity 0.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.0 to 2.5) for diclofenac versus median 0.7 (IQR 0.1 to 2.4) in the opioid group; 1 study, 50 children; very low-certainty evidence). None of the included studies reported on PR or PI for other time points. Diclofenac probably results in less nausea/vomiting compared to opioids (41.0% in opioids, 31.0% in diclofenac; RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.96; 7 studies, 463 participants), and probably increases any reported bleeding (5.4% in opioids, 16.5% in diclofenac; RR 3.06, 95% CI 1.31 to 7.13; 2 studies, 222 participants), both moderate-certainty evidence. None of the included studies reported SAEs. Diclofenac versus paracetamol (10 studies) None of the included studies assessed child-reported PR. Compared to paracetamol, we are very uncertain if diclofenac: reduces PI at 0 to 2 hours postoperatively (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.15; 2 studies, 180 children); reduces PI at 2 to 24 hours postoperatively (SMD -0.64, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.39; 3 studies, 300 children); reduces nausea/vomiting (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.87; 5 studies, 348 children); reduces bleeding events (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.12 to 2.62; 5 studies, 332 participants); or reduces SAEs (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.22; 1 study, 60 children). The evidence certainty was very low for all outcomes. Diclofenac versus bupivacaine (five studies) None of the included studies reported on PR or PI. Compared to bupivacaine, we are very uncertain about the effect of diclofenac on nausea/vomiting (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.78; 3 studies, 128 children) and SAEs (RR 4.52, 95% CI 0.23 to 88.38; 1 study, 38 children), both very low-certainty evidence. Diclofenac versus active pharmacological comparator (10 studies) We are very uncertain about the benefits and harms of diclofenac versus any other active pharmacological comparator (dexamethasone, pranoprofen, fluorometholone, oxybuprocaine, flurbiprofen, lignocaine), and for different routes and delivery of diclofenac, due to few and small studies, no reporting of key outcomes, and very low-certainty evidence for the reported outcomes. We are unable to draw any meaningful conclusions from the numerical results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We remain uncertain about the efficacy of diclofenac compared to placebo, active comparators, or by different routes of administration, for postoperative pain management in children. This is largely due to authors not reporting on clinically important outcomes; unclear reporting of the trials; or poor trial conduct reducing our confidence in the results. We remain uncertain about diclofenac's safety compared to placebo or active comparators, except for the comparison of diclofenac with opioids: diclofenac probably results in less nausea and vomiting compared with opioids, but more bleeding events. For healthcare providers managing postoperative pain, diclofenac is a COX inhibitor option, along with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Healthcare providers should weigh the benefits and risks based on what is known of their respective pharmacological effects, rather than known efficacy. For surgical interventions in which bleeding or nausea and vomiting are a concern postoperatively, the risks of adverse events using opioids or diclofenac for managing pain should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ringsten
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cochrane Sweden, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sumayyah Ebrahim
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ameer Hohlfeld
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Cochrane Sweden, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Porwal P, Shah N, Singh Rao A, Jain I, Maniangat Luke A, Shetty KP, Reda R, Testarelli L, Pawar AM. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Ketoprofen and Diclofenac Transdermal Patches with Oral Diclofenac Tablet on Postoperative Endodontic Pain- A Randomized Clinical Trial. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2385-2393. [PMID: 37790865 PMCID: PMC10544139 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s421371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evaluate the efficacy of transdermal patches containing ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium compared to oral diclofenac tablets in reducing post-endodontic pain after single-visit root canal therapy for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methods A total of 78 eligible participants with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and preoperative VAS scores of 4 or above were enrolled after obtaining ethical approval (SVIEC/ON/DENT/SRP/22064) and CTRI registration (CTRI/2022/07/044231). Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, lactation, fractured/cracked teeth, developmental anomalies, tooth pathology, or ongoing analgesic/NSAID use. After root canal treatment, participants were randomized into three groups using computer randomization. Groups A and B received transdermal patches with Ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium, respectively, applied to the right forearm for 24 hours, with an additional patch on the left forearm for the next day. Group C received four diclofenac sodium oral tablets, twice daily for two days. VAS scales were used to assess pain at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment. The VAS scores collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21 with (P < 0.05). Shapiro Wilk test and the Related Samples Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks were used for statistical evaluation. Results Statistically significant reductions in mean postoperative pain scores were observed across all groups at all time points compared to preoperative scores. Notably, the Ketoprofen patch group exhibited superior performance compared to the diclofenac transdermal patch and oral diclofenac tablet groups at 48 hours, with statistical significance (p=0.047). Conclusion The present evidence substantiates the efficacy of transdermal patches containing diclofenac and ketoprofen in managing postoperative pain arising from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in single-rooted teeth. By avoiding the use of oral NSAIDs, these patches provide effective pain relief while minimizing the risk of adverse effects, presenting a favorable option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Porwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nimisha Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Singh Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ihit Jain
- Department of Dental Sciences, GBH American Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Krishna Prasad Shetty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Section of Endodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Section of Endodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Zadsirjan S, Toghrolian A, Zargar N. Analgesic Efficacy of Ketoprofen Transdermal Patch versus Ibuprofen Oral Tablet on Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:8549655. [PMID: 37324280 PMCID: PMC10266914 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8549655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who had mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into two groups (n = 32) by stratified permuted block randomization. The experimental group used 60 mg KTP every 6 hours, and the control group received 400 mg ibuprofen tablets every 6 hours for 1 day. The severity of pain experienced by patients was quantified before and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after endodontic treatment, using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) (alpha = 0.05). Results The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the baseline or any other postoperative time point (P > 0.05). The reduction in the pain score was significant in both groups from 2 to 10 hours and 10 to 48 hours, postoperatively (P < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and group was not significant on the postoperative pain score in the abovementioned time intervals, and the pattern of pain reduction was the same over time in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both KTP and ibuprofen effectively decreased postendodontic pain. Considering the comparable pattern of pain reduction, KTP can be used as an alternative to ibuprofen tablets for effective pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Zadsirjan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Zargar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Tirupathi S, Afnan L. Safety Considerations of Fentanyl Transdermal Patches Used for Third Molar Surgery Pain Relief. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:371-372. [PMID: 37122790 PMCID: PMC10130255 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunnypriyatham Tirupathi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India
| | - Lamea Afnan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India
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Pandey K, Shettar V, Kale T. Efficacy of Transdermal Ketoprofen Patch in Comparison to Transdermal Diclofenac Patch in Postoperative Analgesia for Orthodontic Extractions: A Randomized Split-Mouth Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37732. [PMID: 37213950 PMCID: PMC10191808 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed analgesics for controlling post-exodontia pain, administered by various routes. The transdermal route possesses the advantages of providing sustained release of the drug, being non-invasive, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and eliminating gastrointestinal adverse effects. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac 200 mg and ketoprofen 30 mg transdermal patches for post-orthodontic exodontia pain. Materials and methods Thirty patients who underwent orthodontic bilateral maxillary and/or mandibular premolar extractions under local anaesthesia were included in the study. Each patient received single transdermal diclofenac 200 mg patch and single transdermal ketoprofen 30 mg patch on the outer, ipsilateral upper arm immediately post-extraction in the two appointments in random order. The pain score was recorded every second hourly for the first 24 hours postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). The requirement of rescue analgesics at various time points and the total number of rescue analgesics taken in the first 24 hours postoperatively were noted. Any allergic reaction to the transdermal patches was also recorded. Results The analgesic efficacy of the two transdermal patches at any given time point in 24 hours by Mann-Whitney U test showed no statistically significant (p<0.05) difference. An overall intragroup statistically significant difference (p<0.05), by Wilcoxon matched pairs test, was found by comparison of VAS pain scores at different time points to that at 0-2 hours after application of transdermal ketoprofen and diclofenac patches, respectively. The mean maximum pain intensity was slightly lower for ketoprofen (2.33) than diclofenac (2.60) transdermal patch. Patients consumed the rescue analgesic within the first 12 hours postoperatively, with the mean value of the total number of rescue analgesics taken with ketoprofen transdermal patch (0.23) slightly lower than diclofenac transdermal patch (0.27) application. Conclusion Ketoprofen and diclofenac transdermal patches provide similar analgesia post orthodontic extraction. The patients required rescue analgesics only during the initial hours of the postoperative follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Pandey
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karnataka Lingayat Education (KLE) Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belagavi, IND
| | - Vijaylaxmi Shettar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karnataka Lingayat Education (KLE) Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belagavi, IND
| | - Tejraj Kale
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karnataka Lingayat Education (KLE) Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belagavi, IND
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Sharma AA, Jadhav AA, Bhola ND, Gupta AA, Gupta CS. Pre-emptive Analgesic Efficacy of Single-Dose Transdermal Ketoprofen and Diclofenac Patches in Post-operative Pain Management Following Open Treatment of Mandibular Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27982. [PMID: 36120190 PMCID: PMC9468632 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was deliberated to assess the pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen transdermal patches following open treatment of mandibular fractures. Methods: The present prospective, triple-blind, randomized controlled clinical study was carried out on 50 male patients with a mean age of 30-31 years having bifocal mandibular fractures. The subjects were assigned 1:1 to two groups; group K - ketoprofen group and group D - diclofenac sodium group. Patches were applied according to the group allocation one hour before induction. In the immediate post-operative (PO) phase, pain intensity was recorded using a 10-point Visual analog Scale at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hourly. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 27.0 version (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY) and GraphPad Prism 7.0 version (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA) and p<0.05 is considered a level of significance. Results : The present study demonstrated a statistical difference in mean pain intensity among both groups, with lower pain scores at all time intervals and fewer rescue analgesic consumption in the ketoprofen group. Conclusion: The ketoprofen transdermal patch was found to be superior in comparison to the diclofenac patch in terms of providing optimal post-operative analgesia with a reduced requirement for post-operative rescue analgesics and minimal adverse events.
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Shankar D, Sinha A, Anand S, Verma N, Choudhary S. Efficacy of Transdermal Diclofenac Patch and Ketoprofen Patch as Postoperative Analgesia after Extraction of First Premolars Bilaterally in Both Arches for Orthodontic Purpose: A Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S101-S104. [PMID: 34447053 PMCID: PMC8375963 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_571_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of transdermal diclofenac patch with ketoprofen patch as postoperative analgesia after extraction of first premolars bilaterally in both arches for orthodontic purpose. Materials and Methods: A split-mouth technique was used in 52 patients with the age group of 15–25 years for extracting maxillary and mandibular first premolars bilaterally for orthodontic reason. A single ketoprofen patch was used after the extraction of premolars from first and fourth quadrant, whereas for the extraction of second and third quadrant premolars, diclofenac patch was used. All the extractions were performed under local anesthesia. The data were compiled and statistically analyzed using the student's t-test. Results: Mean visual analog scale score for diclofenac and ketoprofen patch was 2.05 (0.75) and 1.09 (0.3), respectively. Thirteen patients required additional medication (25%) and 1 (1.9%) patient with diclofenac and ketoprofen patch, respectively. No major complication or adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Both diclofenac and ketoprofen transdermal patches are helpful in relieving pain after orthodontic extraction. Patients with diclofenac patch required more additional analgesia within 24 h compared to that with ketoprofen patch. None of the drugs showed any significant adverse effects and were well tolerated by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Shankar
- Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Neeraj Verma
- Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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Selvido DI, Bhattarai BP, Rokaya D, Niyomtham N, Wongsirichat N. Pain in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implant Dentistry: Types and Management. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:588-598. [PMID: 34041732 PMCID: PMC8382502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the pain has been defined numerous times in several ways. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, the occurrence of pain, especially postoperatively, is anticipated. Pain arises as a combination of various processes after tissue damage. Distinct pain experiences in oral surgery were depicted in several previous studies, adding knowledge to the field. The management of these encounters has been suggested over time, improving treatment approaches in the clinical setting. This review aims to understand the pain and its types and intervention in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Isabel Selvido
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattisa Niyomtham
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthamet Wongsirichat
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
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