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Birmingham TB, Primeau CA, Shariff SZ, Reid JNS, Marsh JD, Lam M, Dixon SN, Giffin JR, Willits KR, Litchfield RB, Feagan BG, Fowler PJ. Incidence of Total Knee Arthroplasty After Arthroscopic Surgery for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e246578. [PMID: 38635272 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance It is unclear whether arthroscopic resection of degenerative knee tissues among patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee delays or hastens total knee arthroplasty (TKA); opposite findings have been reported. Objective To compare the long-term incidence of TKA in patients with OA of the knee after nonoperative management with or without additional arthroscopic surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants In this ad hoc secondary analysis of a single-center, assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial performed from January 1, 1999, to August 31, 2007, 178 patients were followed up through March 31, 2019. Participants included adults diagnosed with OA of the knee referred for potential arthroscopic surgery in a tertiary care center specializing in orthopedics in London, Ontario, Canada. All participants from the original randomized clinical trial were included. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2021, to October 20, 2022. Exposures Arthroscopic surgery (resection or debridement of degenerative tears of the menisci, fragments of articular cartilage, or chondral flaps and osteophytes that prevented full extension) plus nonoperative management (physical therapy plus medications as required) compared with nonoperative management only (control). Main Outcomes and Measures Total knee arthroplasty was identified by linking the randomized trial data with prospectively collected Canadian health administrative datasets where participants were followed up for a maximum of 20 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the incidence of TKA between intervention groups. Results A total of 178 of 277 eligible patients (64.3%; 112 [62.9%] female; mean [SD] age, 59.0 [10.0] years) were included. The mean (SD) body mass index was 31.0 (6.5). With a median follow-up of 13.8 (IQR, 8.4-16.8) years, 31 of 92 patients (33.7%) in the arthroscopic surgery group vs 36 of 86 (41.9%) in the control group underwent TKA (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.52-1.40]). Results were similar when accounting for crossovers to arthroscopic surgery (13 of 86 [15.1%]) during follow-up (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.53-1.44]). Within 5 years, the cumulative incidence was 10.2% vs 9.3% in the arthroscopic surgery group and control group, respectively (time-stratified HR for 0-5 years, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.41-2.75]); within 10 years, the cumulative incidence was 23.3% vs 21.4%, respectively (time-stratified HR for 5-10 years, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.45-2.51]). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of arthroscopic surgery for patients with OA of the knee, a statistically significant association with delaying or hastening TKA was not identified. Approximately 80% of patients did not undergo TKA within 10 years of nonoperative management with or without additional knee arthroscopic surgery. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00158431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B Birmingham
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Codie A Primeau
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Salimah Z Shariff
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- ICES Western, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer N S Reid
- ICES Western, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn D Marsh
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Melody Lam
- ICES Western, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Dixon
- ICES Western, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - J Robert Giffin
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kevin R Willits
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Robert B Litchfield
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Peter J Fowler
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2021; 3:e861-e866. [PMID: 34195655 PMCID: PMC8220600 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the rate of previous knee arthroscopy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before (2005-2006) and after (2018) publication of landmark studies that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 214 patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2006 (Group 1) and 213 patients who underwent a TKA in 2018 (Group 2). We reviewed medical records to determine whether previous knee arthroscopy was performed. Group comparisons were made using the t test for continuous data and the χ2 test for categorical data, and means ± standard deviation are presented. Results Patients in Group 2 were older than those in Group 1 (67.0 ± 8.3 vs 64.3 ± 11.5 years, P = .01); however, there were no differences between groups with respect to sex (P = .40), body mass index (P = .36), and laterality of TKA (P = .05). There was no difference in the history of previous knee arthroscopy between Groups 1 and 2 overall (27% vs 32%, P = .27) and within 10 years of TKA (17% vs 15%, P = .44). Conclusions We did not find a difference in the number of previous knee arthroscopies for patients undergoing TKA in 2018 versus 2005-2006. This suggests that the recommendations set forth by landmark clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy and the AAOS 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines did not have a sudden impact within our geographic region, but there is some evidence to suggest a gradual shift in treatment, where knee arthroscopy is withheld near imminent knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence III, retrospective comparative study.
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