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Solnier J, Chang C, Zhang Y, Kuo YC, Du M, Roh YS, See J, Brix J, Gahler RJ, Green T, Wood S. A Comparison and Safety Evaluation of Micellar versus Standard Vitamin D 3 Oral Supplementation in a Randomized, Double-Blind Human Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1573. [PMID: 38892507 PMCID: PMC11174535 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate and compare bioavailability and safety of two Vitamin D3 formulations (softgels) in healthy adults, at single daily doses of 1000 and 2500 IU, over a 60-day period. A total of 69 participants were initially screened for eligibility in a double-blind randomized study with a four-arm parallel design; 35 participants were randomized to treatment groups: (1) standard Vitamin D3 1000 IU (STD1000), (2) micellar Vitamin D3 1000 IU (LMD1000), (3) standard Vitamin D3 2500 IU (STD2500), and (4) micellar Vitamin D3 2500 IU (LMD2500). Serum Vitamin D concentrations were determined through calcifediol [25(OH)D] at baseline (=before treatment), at day 5, 10, and 15 (=during treatment), at day 30 (=end of treatment), and at day 45 and 60 (=during follow-up/post treatment). Safety markers and minerals were evaluated at baseline and at day 30 and day 60. The pharmacokinetic parameters with respect to iAUC were found to be significantly different between LMD1000 vs. STD1000: iAUC(5-60): 992 ± 260 vs. 177 ± 140 nmol day/L; p < 0.05, suggesting up to 6 times higher Vitamin D3 absorption of LMD when measured incrementally. During follow-up, participants in the LMD1000 treatment group showed approx. 7 times higher Vitamin D3 concentrations than the STD1000 group (iAUC(30-60): 680 ± 190 vs. 104 ± 91 nmol day/L; p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the pharmacokinetics of the higher dosing groups STD2500 and LMD2500. No significant changes in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations or other biochemical safety markers were detected at day 60; no excess risks of hypercalcemia (i.e., total serum calcium > 2.63 mmol/L) or other adverse events were identified. LMD, a micellar delivery vehicle for microencapsulating Vitamin D3 (LipoMicel®), proved to be safe and only showed superior bioavailability when compared to standard Vitamin D at the lower dose of 1000 IU. This study has clinical trial registration: NCT05209425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Solnier
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Chuck Chang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Yun Chai Kuo
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Min Du
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Janet See
- Factors Group of Nutritional Companies Ltd., Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (J.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Brix
- Factors Group of Nutritional Companies Ltd., Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (J.S.); (J.B.)
- Brix Wellness, Ltd., Victoria, BC V8Z 3E9, Canada
| | - Roland J. Gahler
- Factors Group of Nutritional Companies Ltd., Burnaby, BC V3N4S9, Canada; (J.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Tim Green
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
- InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N4Y7, Canada
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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Jain GK, Raina V, Grover R, Sharma J, Warsi MH, Aggarwal G, Kesharwani P. Revisiting the significance of nano-vitamin D for food fortification and therapeutic application. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:89-101. [PMID: 38175566 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2301478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D (a prohormone) is an important micronutrient required by the body for skeletal homeostasis and a range of non-skeletal actions. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, regulates a variety of cellular and metabolic processes through both genomic and nongenomic pathways. Often prescribed for treating rickets and osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate various other medical conditions. SIGNIFICANCE, METHODS, AND RESULTS Despite its multifunctional uses, the sensitivity of vitamin D makes formulating an efficient drug delivery system a challenging task, which is further complicated by its poor aqueous solubility. Enhancing the oral absorption of vitamin D is vital in utilizing its full efficacy. Recent developments in encapsulation and nanotechnology have shown promising results in overcoming these constraints. CONCLUSION This review thus offers an insight to adequately comprehend the mechanistic pharmacology of vitamin D, its pathophysiological role, and justification of its medical indications, along with the benefits of utilizing nanotechnology for vitamin D delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K Jain
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Raina
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakshita Grover
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Sharma
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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