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Sun W, Hu MY, Lu ZS, Huang MY, Zhang XY, Zhu SF. Iron-Catalyzed Stereoconvergent 1,4-Hydrosilylation of Conjugated Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315473. [PMID: 37934194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoconvergent transformation of E/Z mixtures of olefins to products with a single steric configuration is of great practical importance but hard to achieve. Herein, we report an iron-catalyzed stereoconvergent 1,4-hydrosilylation reactions of E/Z mixtures of readily available conjugated dienes for the synthesis of Z-allylsilanes with high regioselectivity and exclusive stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reactions most likely proceed through a two-electron redox mechanism. The stereoselectivity of the reactions is ultimately determined by the crowded reaction cavity of the α-diimine ligand-modified iron catalyst, which forces the conjugated diene to coordinate with the iron center in a cis conformation, which in turn results in generation of an anti-π-allyl iron intermediate. The mechanism of this stereoconvergent transformation differs from previously reported mechanisms of other related reactions involving radicals or metal-hydride species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Yang SN, Liu CH, He LB, Zheng H, Kuai CS, Wan B, Ji DW, Chen QA. Ligand-controlled regiodivergence in cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of isoprene. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
An atom-economical, regiodivergent hydrosilylation reaction of isoprene was developed using an Earth-abundant cobalt catalyst through variation of ligands.
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3
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Wang Y, Wang ZL, Ma WW, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Markovnikov Selective 3,4-Hydrosilylation of 2-Substituted 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4081-4086. [PMID: 35648807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed regioselective Markovnikov 3,4-hydrosilylation of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes has been accomplished. A wide range of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes and trihydrosilanes are compatible under the optimal conditions. The bisphosphine ligand with a rigid backbone provides the Markovnikov 3,4-hydrosilylation product in better yield and selectivity. Besides, the synthetic utilities of the allylsilanes also were demonstrated by their flexible derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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4
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Sun W, Li MP, Li LJ, Huang Q, Hu MY, Zhu SF. Phenanthroline-imine ligands for iron-catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2721-2728. [PMID: 35340863 PMCID: PMC8890093 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06727c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed organic reactions have been attracting increasing research interest but still have serious limitations on activity, selectivity, functional group tolerance, and stability relative to those of precious metal catalysts. Progress in this area will require two key developments: new ligands that can impart new reactivity to iron catalysts and elucidation of the mechanisms of iron catalysis. Herein, we report the development of novel 2-imino-9-aryl-1,10-phenanthrolinyl iron complexes that catalyze both anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes and 1,2-anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of various conjugated dienes. Specifically, we achieved the first examples of highly 1,2-anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation reactions of aryl-substituted 1,3-dienes and 1,1-dialkyl 1,3-dienes with these newly developed iron catalysts. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reactions may involve an Fe(0)–Fe(ii) catalytic cycle and that the extremely crowded environment around the iron center hinders chelating coordination between the diene and the iron atom, thus driving migration of the hydride from the silane to the less-hindered, terminal end of the conjugated diene and ultimately leading to the observed 1,2-anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Our findings, which have expanded the types of iron catalysts available for hydrosilylation reactions and deepened our understanding of the mechanism of iron catalysis, may inspire the development of new iron catalysts and iron-catalyzed reactions. Newly developed iron complexes bearing 2-imino-9-aryl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands were successfully used to catalyze hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes and conjugated dienes in high yields with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming-Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lu-Jie Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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5
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Komine N, Mitsui T, Kikuchi S, Hirano M. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Conjugated Dienes Catalyzed by Mono(phosphine)palladium(0) Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mitsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shu Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Kuai C, Ji D, Zhao C, Liu H, Hu Y, Chen Q. Ligand‐Regulated Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Isoprene under Iron Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Sheng Kuai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ding‐Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chao‐Yang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yan‐Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qing‐An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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7
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Kuai C, Ji D, Zhao C, Liu H, Hu Y, Chen Q. Ligand‐Regulated Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Isoprene under Iron Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19115-19120. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Sheng Kuai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ding‐Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chao‐Yang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yan‐Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qing‐An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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8
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Wen H, Wang K, Zhang Y, Liu G, Huang Z. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Markovnikov 1,2-Hydrosilylation of Conjugated Dienes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
Iron-catalyzed or -mediated transformations of organic substrates have been important throughout the development of organic chemistry due to iron's abundance, low cost, and favorable toxicity profile. Highly reduced iron species, although difficult to isolate and characterize, have proven valuable as catalysts for a variety of C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming processes, as well as cyclization and cycloisomerization reactions. We have developed iminopyridine-ligated low-valent iron catalysts that facilitate selective 1,4-hydrovinylation, hydoboration, hydrosilylation, and polymerization of 1,3-dienes. The catalysts are generated in situ from iron(II) precursors in the presence of activated magnesium metal or trialkylaluminum reductants. The 1,4-addition processes provide access to valuable products such as 1,4-dienes, allylboronic esters, allylsilanes, and highly regioregular polyisoprene. In these transformations, addition is stereoselective, providing (E)-alkene isomers selectively, and (1,2)-addition products are generally not observed. Moreover, modification of steric bulk on the iminopyridine ligand can be used to change selectivity for (1,4)- versus (4,1)-addition to dienes with nonsymmetric substitution. Access to low-valent iron precursor complexes is limited, and we have developed a diaryliron(II) precursor that undergoes smooth reductive elimination in the presence of iminopyridine ligands to provide easy access to low-valent iron catalysts without the use of heterogeneous reductants, which complicate the isolation and study of low-valent iron complexes. We obtained crystal structures of our iron(II) catalyst precursor and an iminopyridine-ligated reduced iron species generated from it. Spectroscopic analysis suggests that although this species is formally iron(0), the redox-active iminopyridine ligands accept electron density from the metal and the complex is more properly formulated as iron(II) coordinated by two radical-anion ligands. We believe that a closely-related set of reaction manifolds is responsible for the 1,4-functionalization reactivity displayed by the iron(iminopyridine) complexes (see text). Kinetics experiments and deuterium-labeling studies provide evidence for the proposed catalytic cycle. The geometry of the double bond remaining after 1,4-addition is set by the requirement that the diene bind to the iron center in an s-cis geometry, and the regioselectivity of addition can be rationalized by the location of steric bulk on the iminopyridine ligand. The transformations presented in this Account utilize iron catalysts to provide access to valuable diene 1,4-addition products such as 1,4-dienes, allylboronate esters, and allylsilanes, as well as highly regioregular polyisoprene. The development of a stable diaryliron(II) precatalyst, structural characterization of an iminopyridine-ligated iron(0) complex, and mechanistic insights into the selective nature of this transformation provide a window into the reactivity profile of low-valent iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McNeill
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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10
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García Mancheño O. Neue Trends bei der Katalyse mit definierten niedervalenten Eisenkomplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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García Mancheño O. New Trends towards Well-Defined Low-Valent Iron Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2216-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Stosur M, Kochel A, Keller A, Szymańska-Buzar T. Photochemical Reaction of Mo(CO)6 with Et2SiH2: Spectroscopic Characterization and Crystal Structure of the Bis{(μ-η2-hydridodiethylsilyl)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(I)} Complex [{Mo(μ-η2-H−SiEt2)(CO)4}2]. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stosur
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Keller
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Teresa Szymańska-Buzar
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Bareille L, Becht S, Cui JL, Le Gendre P, Moïse C. First Titanium-Catalyzed anti-1,4-Hydrosilylation of Dienes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050533m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Bareille
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, LSEO-UMR 5188, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sabine Becht
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, LSEO-UMR 5188, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jin Lan Cui
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, LSEO-UMR 5188, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, LSEO-UMR 5188, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claude Moïse
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, LSEO-UMR 5188, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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